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Nathan Goodyear

Toxicity of the spike protein of COVID-19 is a redox shift phenomenon: A novel therapeu... - 0 views

  • Redox shift is due to Warburg effect and mitochondrial impairment.
  • Redox shift is due to Warburg effect and mitochondrial impairment.
  • Redox shift is due to Warburg effect and mitochondrial impairment.
  • ...88 more annotations...
  • The cytokine storm is a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction
  • The cytokine storm is a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction
  • The cytokine storm is a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction
  • The cytokine storm is a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction
  • Lipoic acid, Methylene Blue and Chlorine dioxide relieve COVID-19 spike protein toxicity
  • Lipoic acid, Methylene Blue and Chlorine dioxide relieve COVID-19 spike protein toxicity
  • Lipoic acid, Methylene Blue and Chlorine dioxide relieve COVID-19 spike protein toxicity
  • Lipoic acid, Methylene Blue and Chlorine dioxide relieve COVID-19 spike protein toxicity
  • most diseases display a form of anabolism due to mitochondrial impairment
  • most diseases display a form of anabolism due to mitochondrial impairment
  • most diseases display a form of anabolism due to mitochondrial impairment
  • infection by Covid-19 follows a similar pattern
  • chronic inflammation
  • Long-term effects include redox shift and cellular anabolism as a result of the Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction
  • Long-term effects include redox shift and cellular anabolism as a result of the Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction
  • Long-term effects include redox shift and cellular anabolism as a result of the Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction
  • Long-term effects include redox shift and cellular anabolism as a result of the Warburg effect and mitochondrial dysfunction
  • infection by Covid-19 follows a similar pattern
  • unrelenting anabolism leads to the cytokine storm,
  • unrelenting anabolism leads to the cytokine storm,
  • unrelenting anabolism leads to the cytokine storm,
  • chronic inflammation
  • chronic inflammation
  • infection by Covid-19 follows a similar pattern
  • Lipoic acid and Methylene Blue have been shown to enhance the mitochondrial activity, relieve the Warburg effect and increase catabolism
  • Lipoic acid and Methylene Blue have been shown to enhance the mitochondrial activity, relieve the Warburg effect and increase catabolism
  • Lipoic acid and Methylene Blue have been shown to enhance the mitochondrial activity, relieve the Warburg effect and increase catabolism
  • Methylene Blue, Chlorine dioxide and Lipoic acid may help reduce long-term Covid-19 effects by stimulating the catabolism
  • Methylene Blue, Chlorine dioxide and Lipoic acid may help reduce long-term Covid-19 effects by stimulating the catabolism
  • Methylene Blue, Chlorine dioxide and Lipoic acid may help reduce long-term Covid-19 effects by stimulating the catabolism
  • direct consequence of redox iMeBalance, itself a consequence of decreased energy yield by the mitochondria
  • direct consequence of redox iMeBalance, itself a consequence of decreased energy yield by the mitochondria
  • mitochondrial dysfunction and increased levels of lactate, which are important characteristics of metabolic shift and Warburg effect in many diseases
  • mitochondrial dysfunction and increased levels of lactate, which are important characteristics of metabolic shift and Warburg effect in many diseases
  • increased lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) was observed in COVID-19 patients
  • increased lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) was observed in COVID-19 patients
  • almost every disease presents an increased anabolism
  • almost every disease presents an increased anabolism
  • cell division is the most sophisticated way to release entropy
  • cell division is the most sophisticated way to release entropy
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Wow
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Wow
  • transition from catabolism to anabolism is driven by a redox shift
  • transition from catabolism to anabolism is driven by a redox shift
  • viral spike protein binds to ACE2 receptor of the host cell [22,23].
  • redox signaling plays an important role in regulating immune function and inflammation, and disruptions in this signaling can lead to excessive cytokine production and immune system activation
  • Aging is associated with a poor control of the redox balance
  • thiol/disulfide homeostasis
  • reduced extracellular environment in the elderly and the increased susceptibility to Covid-19 infection
  • reduced extracellular environment in the elderly and the increased susceptibility to Covid-19 infection
  • Redox signaling tightly modulates the inflammatory response and oxidative stress has been reported in acute Covid-19
  • People at high risk are the elderly, patients suffering from metabolic syndrome such as obesity, or those suffering from chronic diseases such as cancer or inflammation
  • COVID-19 patients with severe disease have higher levels of oxidative stress markers and lower antioxidant levels
  • oxidative stress can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is a protein complex that plays a key role in the cytokine storm
  • inflammation leads to the formation of ROS and RNS, while redox iMeBalance results in cellular damage, which in turn triggers an inflammatory response
  • persistently elevated mtROS triggers endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which results in a vicious loop involving ROS, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction
  • Damaged mitochondria releasing ROS induce inflammation via the NLRP3 inflammasome
  • Damaged mitochondria releasing ROS induce inflammation via the NLRP3 inflammasome
  • reduced environment during the cytokine storm
  • IL-2 is highly up-regulated in Covid-19 patients [37], and IL-2 is known to significantly stimulate the generation of NO in patients
  • Nitric acid is also the key mediator of IL-2-induced hypotension and vascular leak syndrome
  • mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of Covid-19
  • mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by SARS-CoV-2 leads to damage to the mitochondria
  • mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by SARS-CoV-2 leads to damage to the mitochondria
  • As catabolism is decreased, entropy is released through anabolism
  • Elevated levels of lactate, a characteristic of the Warburg effect, were also reported in the high-risk Covid-19
  • elevated levels of ventricular lactic acid consistent with oxidative stress
  • A decrease of ΔΨm is implicated in several inflammation-related diseases
  • decrease in ΔΨm in leucocytes from Covid-19 patients
  • vaccinated with RNA or DNA vaccines triggering the synthesis of the viral spike protein in human cells
  • viral reactivation in varicella-zoster virus [55] or hepatitis [56], coagulopathy and resulting stroke and myocarditis following both DNA-based vaccines [57] and RNA-based vaccines
  • Covid-19, mitochondrial impairment
  • characteristic of the Warburg effect is present in almost every disease and appears to be a central feature in most of the hallmarks of cancer
  • inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased lactate concentrations in the extracellular fluid
  • In Covid-19, like any inflammation, there is a metabolic rewiring where cells rely on glycolysis
  • As the mitochondria are impaired, the infected cell cannot catabolize efficiently. It will release lactic acid in the blood stream
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Mitochondrial impairment
  • Striking similarities are seen between cancer, Alzheimer's disease and Covid-19, all related to the Warburg effect
  • Cancer, inflammation, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases share a common peculiarity, the inability of the cell to export entropy outside the body in the harmless form of heat
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      Entropy: lack of order or predictability; gradual decline into disorder.
  • MEB relieves the Warburg effect [87], improves memory [77], is active in the treatment of depressive episodes [79,80] and reduces the importance of ischemic strokes
  • MEB relieves the Warburg effect [87], improves memory [77], is active in the treatment of depressive episodes [79,80] and reduces the importance of ischemic strokes
  • MEB has been shown to inhibit SARS-Cov-2 replication in vitro
  • MEB has been shown to inhibit SARS-Cov-2 replication in vitro
  • It has been shown that Covid-19-patients treated with MEB, have a significant reduction in hospital stay duration and mortality
  • MeB is an acceptor-donor molecule
  • MeB + can take a pair of electrons (of H atoms) and MeBH can release this pair easily, so that MeB is partially recycled like a catalyst
  • MeB acts as an electron bridge between a donor (FADH2, FMNH, NADH) and an acceptor (complex IV of ETC or oxygen itself)
  • As a coenzyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) initiates the formation of acetyl-CoA to feed the TCA cycle
  • ALA enhances the catabolism of carbon. cycle and therefore may reduce the Warburg effect and consequently, lactate production
  • Methylene Blue plays a similar role after the TCA cycle, by carrying electrons to complex IV of the electron transport chain
  • Drugs such as lipoic acid and MeB, which target the metabolism, decrease the redox shift by increasing catabolism
Nathan Goodyear

Evolving landscape of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer t... - 0 views

  • 15%–20%
  • key mediator of cell growth, differentiation, and survival
  • of higher histological grade and are more likely to invade axillary lymph nodes
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • shortened survival and an increased risk of disease recurrence and metastasis
  • Currently, four HER2-directed agents are approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ breast cancer: trastuzumab, pertuzumab, lapatinib, and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)
  • biosimilars
  • trastuzumab may provide greater benefit when administered concurrently with chemotherapy rather than after, and this has become the standard approach
  • concurrent use of anthracyclines (ie, doxorubicin or epirubicin) and trastuzumab is not recommended because of an increased risk for cardiac toxicity
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      avoid herceptin in conjuction with antracyclines i.e. doxorubicin
  • Sequential doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by concomitant paclitaxel or docetaxel and trastuzumab is recommended for most patients
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      top recommended regimen combination
  • Guidelines also recommend trastuzumab in combination with paclitaxel, docetaxel and carboplatin, or docetaxel and cyclophosphamide, particularly for patients with increased risk for cardiac toxicity or those with small (≤1 cm), node-negative HER2+ tumors
    • Nathan Goodyear
       
      good alternative in patients with increased risk of cardiac toxicity.
  • guidelines recommend up to 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab
  • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab is associated with higher rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) than chemotherapy alone or in combination with lapatinib
  • the combination of trastuzumab, lapatinib, and chemotherapy is not recommended because it failed to demonstrate noninferiority versus trastuzumab and chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting
  • recommend the combination of trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for patients with locally advanced HER2+ breast cancer and for some patients (node-positive or tumor ≥2 cm) with early-stage disease
  • neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with pertuzumab and trastuzumab reduced the risk of progression or death by 31% and recurrence or death by 40% versus trastuzumab alone
  • Concurrent chemotherapy and HER2-directed therapy improves survival outcomes over chemotherapy alon
  • dual inhibition of HER2 with trastuzumab and pertuzumab in combination with paclitaxel reduced the risk of death or progression by approximately 40% compared with concurrent trastuzumab and paclitaxel
  • the combination of trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and taxane chemotherapy is the preferred first-line regimen
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    HER-2 + breast cancer = appx 15-20% of all breast cancers and is a marker of worse prognosis and an indication for targeted immunotherapy blockade.
Smile Reef

Movie Area - Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry - 0 views

  •  
    Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry is your choice for pediatric care in the Las Vegas area. We designed our company specifically to be attractive, calming and inviting for your children. From preventative dentistry and extractions to speech development and sedation procedures, our skilled and caring team can do it all! Contact Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry Phone: (702) 570-7333 Address: 9500 West Flamingo Road #200 Las Vegas,NV, United States, 89147 Site: smilereef.com/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/smilereef
Smile Reef

2min2x Tooth Brushing Facts for Kids - 0 views

  •  
    Dentistry for kids promote good oral hygiene and your kids will be taught about the importance of maintaining a good oral hygiene. Children dentistry will also teach your kids how many times a day should they brush their teeth and the proper way to do it.
Smile Reef

Children Waiting Area - Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry - 0 views

  •  
    Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry is your choice for pediatric care in the Las Vegas area. Contact Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry Phone: (702) 570-7333 Address: 9500 West Flamingo Road #200 Las Vegas,NV, United States, 89147 Site: smilereef.com/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/smilereef
Smile Reef

Children Wash Area - Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry - 0 views

  •  
    Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry is your choice for pediatric care in the Las Vegas area. Contact Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry Phone: (702) 570-7333 Address: 9500 West Flamingo Road #200 Las Vegas,NV, United States, 89147 Site: smilereef.com/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/smilereef
Smile Reef

Dr. Jaren Jensen - Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry - 0 views

  •  
    Dr. Jensen's singular focus as your children's dentist is to provide an uplifting and inviting experience in the office-and precision, comfortable dentistry for everyone. The Smile Reef experience is designed to make each visit as enjoyable as possible. Contact Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry Phone: (702) 570-7333 Address: 9500 West Flamingo Road #200 Las Vegas,NV, United States, 89147 Site: smilereef.com/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/smilereef
Smile Reef

2min2x Tooth Brushing Facts for Kids - 0 views

  •  
    Dentistry for kids promote good oral hygiene and your kids will be taught about the importance of maintaining a good oral hygiene. Children dentistry will also teach your kids how many times a day should they brush their teeth and the proper way to do it.
Smile Reef

2min2x Tooth Brushing Facts for Kids - 0 views

  •  
    Dentistry for kids promote good oral hygiene and your kids will be taught about the importance of maintaining a good oral hygiene. Children dentistry will also teach your kids how many times a day should they brush their teeth and the proper way to do it.
Smile Reef

2min2x Tooth Brushing Facts for Kids - 0 views

  •  
    Dentistry for kids promote good oral hygiene and your kids will be taught about the importance of maintaining a good oral hygiene. Children dentistry will also teach your kids how many times a day should they brush their teeth and the proper way to do it.
Smile Reef

2min2x Tooth Brushing Facts for Kids - 0 views

  •  
    Dentistry for kids promote good oral hygiene and your kids will be taught about the importance of maintaining a good oral hygiene. Children dentistry will also teach your kids how many times a day should they brush their teeth and the proper way to do it.
Smile Reef

2min2x Tooth Brushing Facts for Kids - 0 views

  •  
    Dentistry for kids promote good oral hygiene and your kids will be taught about the importance of maintaining a good oral hygiene. Children dentistry will also teach your kids how many times a day should they brush their teeth and the proper way to do it.
Smile Reef

Tour The Office At Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry - 0 views

  •  
    Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry is your choice for pediatric care in the Las Vegas area. We designed our company specifically to be attractive, calming and inviting for your children.
Smile Reef

Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry - Choosing The Right Dentist for Your Child - 0 views

  •  
    Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry is your choice for pediatric care in the Las Vegas area. We designed our company specifically to be attractive, calming and inviting for your children. From preventative dentistry and extractions to speech development and sedation procedures, our skilled and caring team can do it all!
Smile Reef

Fish Tank At SmileReef - Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry - 0 views

  •  
    Smile Reef is the premier Pediatric Dentist office in Las Vegas and has been specially designed to be attractive, calming and inviting for your children. They'll love the "tropical-surf-beach-scuba-adventure-ish" themes-including exploring the colorful salt water fish tank and interactive play place. Contact Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry Phone: (702) 570-7333 Address: 9500 West Flamingo Road #200 Las Vegas,NV, United States, 89147 Site: smilereef.com/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/smilereef
Smile Reef

Front Desk At The Reef - Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry - 0 views

  •  
    The entire Smile Reef family have been specially trained and bring skills & personalities perfect for helping your child feel safe and comfortable when they're with us. Contact Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry Phone: (702) 570-7333 Address: 9500 West Flamingo Road #200 Las Vegas,NV, United States, 89147 Site: smilereef.com/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/smilereef
Smile Reef

Leaving The Reef - Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry - 0 views

  •  
    Smile Reef is the premier Pediatric Dentist office in Las Vegas and has been specially designed to be attractive, calming and inviting for your children. Contact Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry Phone: (702) 570-7333 Address: 9500 West Flamingo Road #200 Las Vegas,NV, United States, 89147 Site: smilereef.com/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/smilereef
Smile Reef

Dental Chairs For Kids - Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry - 0 views

  •  
    Smile Reef is the premier Pediatric Dentist office in Las Vegas and has been specially designed to be attractive, calming and inviting for your children. Contact Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry Phone: (702) 570-7333 Address: 9500 West Flamingo Road #200 Las Vegas,NV, United States, 89147 Site: smilereef.com/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/smilereef
Smile Reef

Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry - Choosing The Right Dentist for Your Child - 0 views

  •  
    Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry is your choice for pediatric care in the Las Vegas area. We designed our company specifically to be attractive, calming and inviting for your children. From preventative dentistry and extractions to speech development and sedation procedures, our skilled and caring team can do it all!
Smile Reef

Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry - Choosing The Right Dentist for Your Child - 0 views

  •  
    Smile Reef Pediatric Dentistry is your choice for pediatric care in the Las Vegas area. We designed our company specifically to be attractive, calming and inviting for your children. From preventative dentistry and extractions to speech development and sedation procedures, our skilled and caring team can do it all!
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