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The Right to Due Process In a broad sense, due process is interpreted here as the right to be treated fairly, efficiently and effectively by the administration of justice. The rights to due process place limitations on laws and legal proceedings, in order to guarantee fundamental fairness and justice. Due process is interpreted here as the rules administered through courts of justice in accordance with established and sanctioned legal principles and procedures, and with safeguards for the protection of individual rights. The rules applicable to the administration of justice are extensive and refer to, inter alia, fair trial, presumption of innocence and independence and impartiality of the tribunal. In most Conventions, the various rules are included in several articles. As this handbook focuses on a variety of Conventions, four elements of due process are discussed: a) quality in terms of administration of justice; b) quality in terms of protection of the rights of the parties involved; c) efficiency; and d) effectiveness. As due process rights are traditionally known among human right experts to centre on the right to a fair trial and the right to an effective remedy, the first three elements are discussed under the heading of fair trial, while effectiveness is discussed under the right to an effective remedy. A. The right to a fair trial The right to a fair trial does not focus on a single issue, but rather consists of a complex set of rules and practices. The right to a fair trial is interpreted here as the rules administered through courts of justice in accordance with established and sanctioned legal principles and procedures, and with safeguards for the protection of individual rights. The rules applicable to the administration of justice are wide and refer to, inter alia, a fair and public hearing, the presumption of innocence and the independence and impartiality of the tribunal. The importance o

The IMLI is an international institute for the training of specialists in maritime law that was established in 1988 under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization, a specialised agency of the United Nations. This institute offers many opportunities for studing to embrace the international nature of maritime law. It offers: - Master of Laws (LL.M.) in International Maritime Law. This course is mainly addressed to lawyers, legal advisers, judges and legal draftsmen and women whose duties encompass maritime issues and who are seeking specialisation. INFO: http://www.imli.org/llm_programme/llmprog9.htm - Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Maritime Law. INFO: http://www.imli.org/phd_prog/phdprog2.htm - Advanced Diploma in International Maritime Law (Public); - Advanced Diploma in International Maritime Law (Private); - Advanced Diploma in International Maritime Law (General); INFO: http://www.imli.org/lmenu1-3.htm - Intensive short courses for persons who are unable to attend IMLI for a full academic year but who are seeking to update their knowledge upon current developments only in a certain area of law. Short courses are delivered by panels of internationally recognized lawyers and academics. A certificate of attendance is issued by the Institute. INFO: http://www.imli.org/lmenu1-4.htm. For more informations on the Institute's courses: http://www.imli.org/lmenu1.htm

UNICEF - 11/08/09 Numerous girls are forced to marry as young as 14-years-old, and many are confronted with early pregnancy, sexual abuse and domestic violence. As opportunities for vocational training and employment are limited, many young people get disillusioned and take up dangerous jobs or drugs. Afghan youngsters grow up in an especially complex environment, confronted every day with conflicting values. Violence and death have become an integral part of the Afghan society - but there is still hope for possibilities of a better future.

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UNIFEM, the United Nations Development Fund for Women, is the women's fund at the United Nations. The fund provides assistance to innovative programmes and strategies to foster women's empowerment and gender equality.

European Commission Access to and background information on the Agency for Fundamental Rights, an agency of the European Union

International treaties in public and private law, agreements and all informations about The Organization of American States.(eng. and spa.)

International Law in Domestic Courts