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Fossil Fuel Alternatives for Cars | eHow.com - 0 views

www.ehow.com/il-fuel-alternatives-cars.html hydrogen cost sustainable
shared by stamperdyl98 on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Hydrogen Hydrogen can be produced domestically through electrolysis (the process of splitting the hydrogen and oxygen particles apart in a water molecule). When used in automobiles, a hydrogen-powered car will emit only water vapor from its tailpipe. Hydrogen vehicles use fuel cells as their source of power, and currently this technology is too expensive for most consumers. If the costs of fuel cell technology and hydrogen production can decrease, hydrogen may become one of the most environmentally friendly and sustainable sources of energy available.
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Hydrogen Fuel Alternative - 1 views

www.alternative-energy-resources.net/hydrogenfuelalternative.html Hydrogen history what
shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Just as solar, hydro and biomass energy has been utilized for thousands of years, hydrogen technology as a fuel source has also been known for over 150 years.
  • Hydrogen is a simple element - an atom with only one proton and one electron. It is also the most plentiful element in the universe. Despite its simplicity and abundance, hydrogen doesn't occur naturally as a gas on the Earth - it is always combined with other elements.
  • Water, for example, is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen can be separated from hydrocarbons by applying heat, a process known as "reforming" hydrogen.
  • anonymous on 02 Oct 13
     
    Most quality online stores. Know whether you are a trusted online retailer in the world. Whatever we can buy very good quality. and do not hesitate. Everything is very high quality. Including clothes, accessories, bags, cups. Highly recommended. This is one of the trusted online store in the world. View now www.retrostyler.com
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Fuel Cells - Electrochemical Power - 1 views

www.fuelcell.no/hydrogen_mainpage_eng.htm Hydrogen what future
shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Hydrogen as the Main Fuel of the Future Over the last decades hydrogen, (H2) has gained more and more attention as an environmentally friendly fuel and storage medium. Combustion of pure hydrogen produces only water as exhaust. Hydrocarbon and carbon oxide emissions can only come from motor oil in the combustion chamber. Nitrous oxide emissions result from the nitrogen content in the air and increase exponentially with the combustion temperature. By using H2 in fuel cells, practically no pollution occurs. In this respect, hydrogen offers emission levels that are much lower than existing and future standards.
  • Hydrogen is the most common of all elements in the universe.
  • The desire for a long-term transition to a hydrogen society is mainly based on the need to reduce polluting and climate-affecting emissions and the concern about depletion of fossil fuel resources. Today about 90 % of the world's energy consumption is covered by fossil fuels, and most of this comes from a limited number of regions in the world. Even if hydrogen will be used on a large scale in the future, there is still a need for an energy source to produce it. Renewable energy technology such as hydro electricity, wind, wave and solar power are in principle available, but are not yet mature for mass production and/or fully developed. 
  • anonymous on 02 Oct 13
     
    Most quality online stores. Know whether you are a trusted online retailer in the world. Whatever we can buy very good quality. and do not hesitate. Everything is very high quality. Including clothes, accessories, bags, cups. Highly recommended. This is one of the trusted online store in the world. View now www.retrostyler.com
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A Pollution-Free Hydrogen Economy? Not So Soon | MIT Technology Review - 0 views

www.technologyreview.com/...e-hydrogen-economy-not-so-soon hydrogen economy co2 pollution
shared by geczyluk99 on 24 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • There’s a much cheaper way to produce hydrogen: spray steam on white-hot coals and out comes mostly hydrogen gas (40 percent) and carbon monoxide (50 percent), a mixture known appropriately as “water gas.” It’s the least expensive way to make hydrogen. Unfortunately, the carbon monoxide produced along with it is highly poisonous. To extract the last bit of energy, the carbon monoxide can be burned, and that turns it into the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.
  • Electric cars powered by hydrogen fuel cells don’t produce greenhouse-enhancing carbon dioxide. But producing hydrogen does-and if we want to reduce our petroleum dependence, we’re going to have to reconcile ourselves to that fact.
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Sierra Club Green Home » Blog Archive Fuel Cells: Environmental Benefits » Si... - 0 views

www.sierraclubgreenhome.com/...fuel-cells-eco-benefits fuel cell sustainable
shared by labrumbra99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • The use of fuel cells can significantly diminish our dependency on foreign oil. Since fuel cells make energy electrochemically and do not burn fuel like conventional combustion systems, they are much more efficient. Admittedly, some fuel cells need fossil fuels to start their functions; most residential systems run partially off of natural gas. If just 20% of the cars in America used fuel cells, we could cut oil imports by 1.5 million barrels per day. This is $44 billion per year that could remain in the country!
  • The use of fuel cells can significantly diminish our dependency on foreign oil. Since fuel cells make energy electrochemically and do not burn fuel like conventional combustion systems, they are much more efficient. Admittedly, some fuel cells need fossil fuels to start their functions; most residential systems run partially off of natural gas. If just 20% of the cars in America used fuel cells, we could cut oil imports by 1.5 million barrels per day. This is $44 billion per year that could remain in the country!
  • The use of fuel cells can significantly diminish our dependency on foreign oil. Since fuel cells make energy electrochemically and do not burn fuel like conventional combustion systems, they are much more efficient. Admittedly, some fuel cells need fossil fuels to start their functions; most residential systems run partially off of natural gas. If just 20% of the cars in America used fuel cells, we could cut oil imports by 1.5 million barrels per day. This is $44 billion per year that could remain in the country!
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • fuel cells
  • metimes produce a by-product of water or heat, though hydrogen fuel cells are considered more difficult to work with because of transportation and storage. More user friendly fuel cells which use natural gas with emissions that are much lower than those produced by conventional engines or energy sources and can reduce your carbon footprint by around 40%. Additionally, there are only negligible levels of NOx, SOx, Volatile organic compounds and particulates, which is a drastic improvement over traditional means of grid power production. Besides the decreased CO2 emissions and high efficiency rates, fuel c
  • The use of fuel cells can significantly diminish our dependency on foreign oil. Since fuel cells make energy electrochemically and do not burn fuel like conventional combustion systems, they are much more efficient. Admittedly, some fuel cells need fossil fuels to start their functions; most residential systems run partially off of natural gas. If just 20% of the cars in America used fuel cells, we could cut oil imports by 1.5 million barrels per day. This is $44 billion per year that could remain in the country!
  • The use of fuel cells can significantly diminish our dependency on foreign oil. Since fuel cells make energy electrochemically and do not burn fuel like conventional combustion systems, they are much more efficient. Admittedly, some fuel cells need fossil fuels to start their functions; most residential systems run partially off of natural gas. If just 20% of the cars in America used fuel cells, we could cut oil imports by 1.5 million barrels per day. This is $44 billion per year that could remain in the country!
  • labrumbra99 on 12 Mar 13
     
    " The environmental impact of fuel cells depends on the type of cell and the fuel being used. Fuel cells can run on a variety of sources, from natural gas to hydrogen to ethanol to biogas. Those that run on hydrogen can sometimes produce a by-product of water or heat, though hydrogen fuel cells are considered more difficult to work with because of transportation and storage. More user friendly fuel cells which use natural gas with emissions that are much lower than those produced by conventional engines or energy sources and can reduce your carbon footprint by around 40%. Additionally, there are only negligible levels of NOx, SOx, Volatile organic compounds and particulates, which is a drastic improvement over traditional means of grid power production. Besides the decreased CO2 emissions and high efficiency rates, fuel cells offer plenty of positive environmental impacts that should be considered by investors and consumers as solutions for cleaner energy are being further researched. 1. Fuel Conservation The use of fuel cells can significantly diminish our dependency on foreign oil. Since fuel cells make energy electrochemically and do not burn fuel like conventional combustion systems, they are much more efficient. Admittedly, some fuel cells need fossil fuels to start their functions; most residential systems run partially off of natural gas. If just 20% of the cars in America used fuel cells, we could cut oil imports by 1.5 million barrels per day. This is $44 billion per year that could remain in the country! 2. Combined Heat and Power The greatest benefit from high powered, well designed fuel cells is the heat and power produced. This means that a property can reduce additional investments to heat their indoor areas or water. In this case, less is more. Since the heat can be redirected to heat water, the environmental benefit from this is the ability to heat the hot water supply without a need for a separate system as is the case with home solar."
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Hydrogen fuel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Hydrogen_fuel hydrogen fuel form
shared by dpurdy on 24 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Because pure hydrogen does not occur naturally, it takes energy to manufacture it. There are different ways to manufacture it, such as, electrolysis and steam-methane reforming process.
  • In electrolysis, electricity is run through water to separate the hydrogen and oxygen atoms. This method can be used by using wind, solar, geothermal, hydro, fossil fuels, biomass, and many other resources.
  • The more natural methods of making electricity (wind, solar, hydro, geothermal, biomass), rather than fossil fuels, would be better used as to continue the environment-friendly process of the fuel. Obtaining hydrogen from this process is being studied as a viable way to produce it domestically at a low cost. Steam-methane reforming process extracts the hydrogen from methane. However, this reaction causes a side production of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide which are greenhouse gases and contribute to global warming.
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Environment « myFC - 0 views

www.myfuelcell.se/...environment hydrogen environmental
shared by stamperdyl98 on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Through the use of hydrogen together with fuel cell technology it is possible to achieve a radical decrease in local pollution of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particles from the transportation sector. Although the production of hydrogen from fossil fuels affects the environment it is an advantage that the carbon dioxide emissions can be separated already on the production site. This becomes evident when hydrogen is used as vehicle fuel, avoiding pollution from every individual vehicle.The only emission from a fuel cell reacting with hydrogen is pure water. The environmental gains are high, provided that pollution in the hydrogen production process is kept low. A fuel cell is approximately twice as energy efficient as a combustion engine if used in a regular car. The effect is that, using the same amount of energy, a fuel cell car can drive twice as far as a car with a combustion engine can.
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HowStuffWorks "Hydrogen Fuel Economy" - 0 views

auto.howstuffworks.com/...hydrogen-vehicle-benefit3.htm hydrogen fuel economy fuel cell sustainable pollution
shared by geczyluk99 on 23 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • If hydrogen extraction is performed using electricity from a coal-driven power plant, it doesn't matter that the fuel cell doesn't pollute because the pollution occurred when the hydrogen was extracted. If hydrogen is to be a true nonpolluting power source, the electricity used to extract the hydrogen will need to be produced by a nonpolluting method such as solar power.
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Hydrogen FAQ - 0 views

www.cleancaroptions.com/...hydrogen_faq.html hydrogen cost
shared by mosherrya99 on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • The cost of hydrogen per mile to power a fuel cell electric vehicle is approximately competitive with the cost of gasoline at $2.30/gallon. This assumes that the hydrogen is made by reforming natural gas at the fueling station with existing commercial hydrogen fueling equipment in low production volumes (10 units). With larger scale production, we estimate that hydrogen will cost less per mile than gasoline selling at $1.50/gallon.
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Fuel Cells Information, Fuel Cells Facts, Fuel Cells Technology - National Geographic - 0 views

environment.nationalgeographic.com/...fuel-cell-profile fuel cell form
shared by Connor Wiggins on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • A fuel cell is a device that uses a source of fuel, such as hydrogen, and an oxidant to create electricity from an electrochemical process.
  • Most fuel cells in use today, however, use hydrogen and oxygen as the chemicals.
  • Although hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, it is difficult to store and distribute. Canisters of pure hydrogen are readily available from hydrogen producers, but as of now, you can't just fill up with hydrogen at a local gas station.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • All fuel cells have the same basic configuration; an electrolyte and two electrodes. But there are different types of fuel cells, based mainly on what kind of electrolyte they use.
  • All fuel cells have the same basic configuration; an electrolyte and two electrodes. But there are different types of fuel cells, based mainly on what kind of electrolyte they use.
  • carrowluk99 on 29 Oct 12
     
    According to many experts, we may soon find ourselves using fuel cells to generate electrical power for all sorts of devices we use every day
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NREL: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Research - Hydrogen Production and Delivery - 2 views

www.nrel.gov/...proj_production_delivery.html hydrogen fuel production
shared by dpurdy on 15 Mar 12 - Cached
  • dpurdy on 15 Mar 12
     
    Methods of making pure hydrogen for fuel cells.
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Fuel Cells 2000 : Hydrogen : Basics - 1 views

www.fuelcells.org/...basics.html Hydrogen cost
shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - Cached
  • How much will Hydrogen fuel cost? The U.S. Department of Energy's Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies Program is working to achieve the following goals: By 2005, the technology will be available to produce hydrogen at the pump for $3.00 per gallon gasoline equivalent, and DOE wants to validate this technology by 2008.  By 2010, the price goal is $1.50 per gallon of gasoline equivalent (untaxed) at the station. Even $3 a gallon would save most of us money, since FCVs will be two to three times more efficient than internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles.  If all the goals are met, FCVs offer the promise of energy at $1 a gallon - or less! 
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Fuel Cells & Hydrogen | Fuel Cells 2000 - 0 views

www.fuelcells.org/fuel-cells-and-hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen fuel cell
shared by careyeth99 on 13 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • careyeth99 on 13 Mar 13
     
    A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, with water and heat as its by-product.
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Hydrogen H2 - Fuel Cell Markets - Hydrogen H2 - 0 views

www.fuelcellmarkets.com/...4,1,1,2086.html hydrogen form
shared by dpurdy on 30 Oct 12 - Cached
  • Hydrogen has the highest energy content of any common fuel by weight,
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NREL: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Research - Renewable Electrolysis - 0 views

www.nrel.gov/...renew_electrolysis.html use renewable sustainable hydrogen
shared by giumarraant99 on 24 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Renewable electrolysis is a process that uses renewable electricity to produce hydrogen by passing an electrical current through water. Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics, wind, biomass, hydropower, and geothermal can provide clean, sustainable electricity for our nation
  • Wind turbines can be used to produce hydrogen through a process called renewable electrolysis.
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HowStuffWorks "How Fuel Cells Work" - 0 views

auto.howstuffworks.com/...fuel-cell.htm fuel cell sustainable
shared by Connor Wiggins on 15 Mar 12 - Cached
  • This initiative, supported by legislation in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005) and the Advanced Energy Initiative of 2006, aims to develop hydrogen, fuel cell and infrastructure technologies to make fuel-cell vehicles practical and cost-effective by 2020
  • Why are governments, private businesses and academic institutions collaborating to develop and produce them? Fuel cells generate electrical power quietly and efficiently, without pollution. Unlike power
  • that use fossil fuels, the by-products from an operating fuel cell are heat and water
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • With a fuel cell, chemicals constantly flow into the cell so it never goes dead -- as long as there is a flow of chemicals into the cell, the electricity flows out of the cell. Most fuel cells in use today use hydrogen and oxygen as the chemicals.
  • If you want to be technical about it, a fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device. A fuel cell converts the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water, and in the process it produces electricity.
  • polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)
  • United States has dedicated more than one billion dollars to fuel cell research and development so far.So what exactly is a fuel cell,
  • With a fuel cell, chemicals constantly flow into the cell so it never goes dead -- as long as there is a flow of chemicals into the cell, the electricity flows out of the cell. Most fuel cells in use today use hydrogen and oxygen as the chemicals.
  • ricciardellinick on 08 Mar 13
     
    "In 2003, President Bush announced a program called the Hydrogen Fuel Initiative (HFI) during his State of the Union Address."
  • Connor Wiggins on 11 Mar 13
     
    It shows how its sustainable 
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http://www.iea.org/papers/2006/hydrogen.pdf - 1 views

www.iea.org/...hydrogen.pdf hydrogen production
shared by dpurdy on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • dpurdy on 15 Mar 12
     
    A paper about all the ways we can make hydrogen
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A Basic Overview of Fuel Cell Technology - 0 views

americanhistory.si.edu/...basics.htm hydrogen fuel cell what how
shared by dpurdy on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  •   Fuel Cell Basics Through this website we are seeking historical materials relating to fuel cells. We have constructed the site to gather information from people already familiar with the technology–people such as inventors, researchers, manufacturers, electricians, and marketers. This Basics section presents a general overview of fuel cells for casual visitors. What is a fuel cell? How do fuel cells work? Why can’t I go out and buy a fuel cell? Different types of fuel cells.     What is a fuel cell? A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has two electrodes, one positive and one negative, called, respectively, the anode and cathode. The reactions that produce electricity take place at the electrodes.
  • in general terms, hydrogen atoms enter a fuel cell at the anode where a chemical reaction strips them of their electrons. The hydrogen atoms are now “ionized,” and carry a positive electrical charge. The negatively charged electrons provide the current through wires to do work. If alternating current (AC) is needed, the DC output of the fuel cell must be routed through a conversion device called an inverter.
  • Oxygen enters the fuel cell at the cathode and, in some cell types (like the one illustrated above), it there combines with electrons returning from the electrical circuit and hydrogen ions that have traveled through the electrolyte from the anode. In other cell types the oxygen picks up electrons and then travels through the electrolyte to the anode, where it combines with hydrogen ions.
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Hydrogen Fuel Cells - Disadvantages - 0 views

www.columbia.edu/...h-fuel-cell-disadv.html cells fuel disadvantages what hydrogen cost how potential
shared by crandallchr98 on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Fuel cells are currently very expensive, but since they have a simple construction, mass production costs would become extremely low. 
  • Prototype fuel cells last only 1/5th as long as would be needed to make fuel cells cost-effective.
  • They are energy losers because it costs more to produce hydrogen than is earned by using hydrogen in fuel cells:  Electricity generated by fuel cells in cars costs thousands of dollars per kilowatt:  This would have to fall by a factor of 10 for fuel cells to become economically viable.
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What is Hydrogen? - 0 views

www.wisegeek.com/what-is-hydrogen.htm what hydrogen
shared by plattjak98 on 13 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Hydrogen is a highly flammable chemical element which occurs in great abundance throughout the universe. In fact, hydrogen makes up approximately 75% of the universe, by volume, and it appears in a very large number of compounds, especially those which make up various organic materials.
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