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Dennis OConnor

The Pandemic's Biggest Mystery Is Our Own Immune System - The Atlantic by Ed Yong - 0 views

www.theatlantic.com/...614956

health-literacy pandemic immune-system

shared by Dennis OConnor on 05 Aug 20 - No Cached
  • Dennis OConnor on 05 Aug 20
     
    Recommended by DeAunne Denmark MD Phd: "...the immune system is very complicated. Arguably the most complex part of the human body outside the brain, it's an absurdly intricate network of cells and molecules that protect us from dangerous viruses and other microbes. These components summon, amplify, rile, calm, and transform one another: Picture a thousand Rube Goldberg machines, some of which are aggressively smashing things to pieces. Now imagine that their components are labeled with what looks like a string of highly secure passwords: CD8+, IL-1β, IFN-γ. Immunology confuses even biology professors who aren't immunologists"
Dennis OConnor

What We Know So Far About SARS-CoV-2 - The Atlantic - 0 views

www.theatlantic.com/...608338

covid research testing

shared by Dennis OConnor on 23 Mar 20 - No Cached
  • March 20, 2020
  • One of the few mercies during this crisis is that, by their nature, individual coronaviruses are easily destroyed.
  • These viruses don’t endure in the world. They need bodies.
  • ...30 more annotations...
  • To be clear, SARS-CoV-2 is not the flu. It causes a disease with different symptoms, spreads and kills more readily,
  • his family, the coronaviruses, includes just six other members that infect humans
  • OC43, HKU1, NL63, and 229E—have been gently annoying humans for more than a century, causing a third of common colds
  • MERS and SARS (or “SARS-classic,” as some virologists have started calling it)—both cause far more severe disease.
  • hy was this seventh coronavirus the one to go pandemic?
  • The structure of the virus provides some clues about its success. In shape, it’s essentially a spiky ball. Those spikes recognize and stick to a protein called ACE2
  • This is the first step to an infection
  • he exact contours of SARS-CoV-2’s spikes allow it to stick far more strongly to ACE2 than SARS-classic did
  • But in SARS-CoV-2, the bridge that connects the two halves can be easily cut by an enzyme called furin, which is made by human cells and—crucially—is found across many tissues. “This is probably important for some of the really unusual things we see in this virus,” says Kristian Andersen of Scripps Research Translational Institute.
  • SARS-CoV-2 seems to infect both upper and lower airways,
  • his double whammy could also conceivably explain why the virus can spread between people before symptoms show up
  • All of this is plausible but totally hypothetical; the virus was only discovered in January, and most of its biology is still a mystery.
  • The closest wild relative of SARS-CoV-2 is found in bats, which suggests it originated in a bat, then jumped to humans either directly or through another species.
  • Another coronavirus found in wild pangolins also resembles SARS-CoV-2
  • Indeed, why some coronaviruses are deadly and some are not is unclear. “There’s really no understanding at all of why SARS or SARS-CoV-2 are so bad but OC43 just gives you a runny nose,” Frieman says.
  • Once in the body, it likely attacks the ACE2-bearing cells that line our airways.
  • The immune system fights back and attacks the virus; this is what causes inflammation and fever
  • in extreme cases, the immune system goes berserk
  • These damaging overreactions are called cytokine storms.
  • they’re probably behind the most severe cases of COVID-19.
  • During a cytokine storm, the immune system isn’t just going berserk but is also generally off its game, attacking at will without hitting the right targets.
  • But why do some people with COVID-19 get incredibly sick, while others escape with mild or nonexistent symptoms
  • Age is a factor.
  • other factors—a person’s genes, the vagaries of their immune system, the amount of virus they’re exposed to, the other microbes in their bodies
  • “it’s a mystery why some people have mild disease, even within the same age group,”
  • Coronaviruses, much like influenza, tend to be winter viruses.
  • In the heat and humidity of summer, both trends reverse, and respiratory viruses struggle to get a foothold.
  • irus is tearing through a world of immunologically naive people, and that vulnerability is likely to swamp any seasonal variations.
  • And one recent modeling study concluded that “SARS-CoV-2 can proliferate at any time of year.
  • Unless people can slow the spread of the virus by sticking to physical-distancing recommendations, the summer alone won’t save us.
  • Dennis OConnor on 23 Mar 20
     
    Dr. Michael Kurisu D.O.: We've known about SARS-CoV-2 for only three months, but scientists can make some educated guesses about where it came from and why it's behaving in such an extreme way.
Dennis OConnor

How to Protect Yourself from COVID-19: Supporting Your Immune System When You May Need ... - 0 views

drhyman.com/...protect-yourself-from-covid-19

covid research immune-system

shared by Dennis OConnor on 21 Mar 20 - No Cached
  • How Can I Protect Myself, My Family, and My Community
  • How to Avoid Infection with COVID-19 
  • How to Support Your Immune System: Remember, Let Food Be Your Medicine! 
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • How to Supplement for Immune Function 
  • Dennis OConnor on 21 Mar 20
     
    Recommended by Erin Raskin, DACM, L.Ac
Dennis OConnor

Vision - Human Vaccines Project - 0 views

www.humanvaccinesproject.org/vision

immune-system research

shared by Dennis OConnor on 02 Mar 20 - No Cached
  • Dennis OConnor on 02 Mar 20
     
    Recommended by DeAunne "For the first time ever, scientists at the Human Vaccines Project are combining systems biology with artificial intelligence to understand one of the greatest remaining frontiers of human health, the human immune system. Modeled after the transformative Human Genome Project, the Human Vaccines Project is leveraging cutting-edge technologies to decode the human immune system. Our scientists are working to unlock new preventions, diagnostics, and treatments for some of the world's most devastating diseases."
Dennis OConnor

https://bayarealymefoundation.cmail20.com/t/ViewEmail/r/E8E00D00384EBDE52540EF23F30FEDED - 0 views

bayarealymefoundation.cmail20.com/...E00D00384EBDE52540EF23F30FEDED

lyme-disease

shared by Dennis OConnor on 31 Aug 19 - No Cached
  • Dennis OConnor on 31 Aug 19
     
    "Tick-borne diseases, and Lyme disease in particular, cause complex, multi-system health issues with devastating consequences. This event focuses on the importance of using a broad and comprehensive diagnostic and treatment approach. We will explore important avenues for testing and treatment including a discussion on the role that antibiotics play in supporting the immune system: " Sharon Wampler - Keynoting
Dennis OConnor

Tipping Point: The Resistance Is Gaining In The Lyme Wars - 0 views

www.forbes.com/...ce-is-gaining-in-the-lyme-wars

immune-system lyme-disease sharon-wampler

shared by Dennis OConnor on 02 Mar 20 - No Cached
  • Dennis OConnor on 02 Mar 20
     
    Recommended by Sharon Wampler "For two decades, Lyme disease has had dueling identities.   A burgeoning epidemic wrought by ticks. A raging controversy over why patients stay sick - and what to do for them.   Now, however, the medical model that spawned the Lyme Wars - enshrined in treatment guidelines that say short-course antibiotics are curative - is yielding to a more nuanced picture.    This new image is of a disease that outwits antibiotics and immune systems; is plagued by diagnostic failures, and is capable of inflicting lasting damage. It is an image that challenges the picture of medical certainty that has long been Lyme."
Dennis OConnor

Chasing My Cure: Dr. David Fajgenbaum Lessons from his Rare Disease and On Finding Cure... - 0 views

exponential.singularityu.org/...nd-on-finding-cures-for-others

storytelling research ecosystem self-study

shared by Dennis OConnor on 16 Mar 20 - No Cached
  • Dennis OConnor on 16 Mar 20
     
    "David Fajgenbaum, MD, MBA, MSc, is the co-founder and Executive Director of the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN) and one of the youngest individuals to be appointed to the faculty at Penn Medicine, where he is an Assistant Professor of Medicine in Translational Medicine & Human Genetics, Founding Director of the Center for Study & Treatment of Castleman & inflammatory Lymphadenopathies (CSTL). An NIH-funded physician-scientist, he has dedicated his life to discovering new treatments and cures for deadly disorders like idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD), which he was diagnosed with during medical school. As common as ALS and more deadly than lymphoma, iMCD involves the immune system attacking and shutting down the body's vital organs such as the liver, kidneys, bone marrow, and heart. After spending months hospitalized in critical condition, having his last rites read, and having four deadly relapses, he is now in his longest remission ever thanks to a treatment that he identified in the lab."
Dennis OConnor

The Coming Influenza Pandemic: Lessons From the Past for the Future | The Journal of th... - 0 views

jaoa.org/article.aspx

online-homeschool-covid research osteopathy

shared by Dennis OConnor on 19 Mar 20 - No Cached
  • in the case of a true pandemic, hospital capacity may well be overwhelmed, and healthcare workers may themselves become ill. 
  • However, the lessons learned within the osteopathic medical profession as a result of the 1917-1918 pandemic could prove useful once again if (or when) a new influenza pandemic occurs.
  • Time to roll up sleeves, vaccinate patients, and hone osteopathic manipulative skills
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • Obviously, the data collected shortly after the 1917-1918 pandemic must be treated cautiously.
  • In 1918, C.P. McConnell, DO,11 reported that the most effective treatment during the influenza pandemic was begun early in the onset of symptoms (within the first 24 hours) and consisted of carefully applied muscular relaxation and, most importantly, relaxation of the deep and extensive contractions of the deep spinal musculature and mobilization of the spine. These treatments would be repeated two or three times early in the course of the infection, along with traditional supportive measures such as hydration. During later influenza epidemics, such as the 1928-1929 and the 1936-1937 outbreaks, various lymphatic pump treatments and more attention to the cervical and upper thoracic regions were added to this recommended treatment protocol.12 These treatments, individualized to each patient's needs, were apparently the most commonly applied osteopathic medical procedures during the epidemics. 
  • action of these treatments were to diminish somatic inputs from contracted muscles
  • that had further stimulated the already overactive sympathetic system
  • hyperreactivity exacerbated the counterproductive and deadly immune respons
  • OMT) likely enhanced lymphatic drainage and encouraged appropriate immune response
  • we have no controlled data on the effects of OMT on the pandemic influenza
  • Noll et al13 demonstrated that OMT given to elderly patients with pneumonia decreases medication use and hospital stay
  • Whatever the mechanism, these beneficial outcomes have taught us a great deal about how the osteopathic medical profession might handle a coming pandemic.
  • treatments used back then can be used again and do not require patient hospitalization
  • methods can also be taught to family members
  • do not rely on the availability of potent, expensive, and often harmful (especially when one is in a weakened condition) medications.
  • treatments can be delivered by osteopathic medical students under the direction of a physician—a measure that would add significantly to the pool of trained healthcare providers available to assist the public in such an emergency.
  • OMT is meant to improve function, enabling the body itself to better
Dennis OConnor

Don't "Flatten the Curve," stop it! - Joscha Bach - Medium - 1 views

medium.com/...a-deadly-delusion-eea324fe9727

Cognitive mit AI covid data visualization containment

shared by Dennis OConnor on 17 Mar 20 - No Cached
  • What all these diagrams have in common:
  • They have no numbers on the axes.
  • They don’t give you an idea how many cases it takes to overwhelm the medical system, and over how many days the epidemic will play out.
  • ...46 more annotations...
  • They suggest that currently, the medical system can deal with a large fraction (like maybe 2/3, 1/2 or 1/3) of the cases, but if we implement some mitigation measures, we can get the infections per day down to a level we can deal with.
  • They mean to tell you that we can get away without severe lockdowns as we are currently observing them in China and Italy.
  • nstead, we let the infection burn through the entire population, until we have herd immunity (at 40% to 70%), and just space out the infections over a longer timespan.
  • The Curve Is a Lie
  • suggestions are dangerously wrong, and if implemented, will lead to incredible suffering and hardship.
  • Let’s try to understand this by putting some numbers on the axes.
  • California has only 1.8.
  • The US has about 924,100 hospital beds (2.8 per 1000 people)
  • Germany have 8
  • South Korea has 12
  • Based on Chinese data, we can estimate that about 20% of COVID-19 cases are severe and require hospitalization
  • many severe cases will survive if they can be adequately provided for at home
  • by some estimates can be stretched to about a 100,000, and of which about 30,000 may be available
  • mportant is the number of ICU beds
  • oxygen, IVs and isolation
  • About 6% of all cases need a ventilator
  • if hospitals put all existing ventilators to use, we have 160,000 of them
  • CDC has a strategic stockpile of 8900 ventilators
  • number of ventilators as a proximate limit on the medical resources, it means we can take care of up to 170,000 critically ill patients at the same time.
  • Without containment, the virus becomes endemic
  • Let’s assume that 55% of the US population (the middle ground) get infected between March and December, and we are looking at 180 million people.
  • the point of my argument is not that we are doomed, or that 6% of our population has to die, but that we must understand that containment is unavoidable, and should not be postponed, because later containment is going to be less effective and more expensive, and leads to additional deaths.
  • About 20% will develop a severe case and need medical support to survive.
  • Severe cases tend to take about 3–6 weeks to recover
  • 6% may need intubation and/or ventilation
  • Once a person is on the ventilator, it often takes about 4 weeks for them to get out of intensive care again.
  • The “flattening the curve” idea suggests that if we wash our hands and stay at home while being sick aggressively enough, we won’t have to stop the virus from becoming endemic and infecting 40% to 70% of all people, but we can slow the spread of the infection so much that out medical system can deal with the case load. This is how our normally distributed curve looks like when it contains 10.8 million patients, of which no more than 170,000 are ill at the same time:
  • Dampening the infection rate of COVID-19 to a level that is compatible with our medical system means that we would have to spread the epidemic over more than a decade!
  • confident that we will have found effective treatments until the
  • reducing the infectivity of the new corona virus to a manageable level is simply not going to be possible by mitigation, it will require containment.
  • My back-of-the-envelope calculation is not a proper simulation, or a good model of what’s going on either. Don’t cite it as such!
  • Of the 180 million, 80% will be regarded as “mild” cases.
  • Containment works
  • China has demonstrated to us that containment works
  • lockdown of Wuhan did not lead to starvation or riots
  • made it possible to focus more medical resources on the region that needed it most
  • implemented effective containment measures as soon as the first cases emerged.
  • South Korea was tracking its first 30 cases very well, until patient 31 infected over 1000 others on a church congregation.
  • For some reason, Western countries refused to learn the lesson.
  • The US, UK and Germany are not yet at this point: they try to “flatten the curve” by implementing ineffective or half hearted measures that are only meant to slow down the spread of the disease
  • instead of containing it.
  • some countries will stomp out the virus and others will no
  • few months from now
  • almost all travel from red zones into green zones will come to a hal
  • world will turn into red zones and green zones
  • Flattening the curve is not an option for the United States, for the UK or Germany. Don’t tell your friends to flatten the curve. Let’s start containment and stop the curve.
  • Dennis OConnor on 17 Mar 20
     
    "Flattening the curve is not an option for the United States, for the UK or Germany. Don't tell your friends to flatten the curve. Let's start containment and stop the curve." Strong article with data visualizations from a Phd working out of MIT/Harvard.
Dennis OConnor

DrugViu | Advancing Autoimmune Diseases Research - 0 views

www.drugviu.com

immune-system research data

shared by Dennis OConnor on 17 Feb 22 - No Cached
  • Dennis OConnor on 17 Feb 22
     
    "Autoimmune diseases are complex. Advancing treatments doesn't have to be. From your very first symptom to your eventual diagnosis and treatment, your unique autoimmune journey has accumulated valuable data that tells a story that could lead to better treatments. Unfortunately, this story is trapped in various health systems and sits there, unused. As the patient, you have the power to unlock this data. With your permission, DrugViu will find and consolidate all your medical records and return them back to you on your own secure portal, for free. There, you'll have a holistic view of your entire health history, while also having the power to share your records with current and future medical providers. You'll also have the option of contributing your de-identified and anonymized data to scientists and doctors working to find better treatments and improve the diagnosing process. Together, we will power tomorrow's cures."
Dennis OConnor

In the coronavirus pandemic, we're making decisions without reliable data - 4 views

www.statnews.com/...ecisions-without-reliable-data

covid testing research pandemic data

shared by Dennis OConnor on 19 Mar 20 - No Cached
  • A fiasco in the making? As the coronavirus pandemic takes hold, we are making decisions without reliable data
  • This evidence fiasco creates tremendous uncertainty about the risk of dying from Covid-19.
  • As most health systems have limited testing capacity, selection bias may even worsen in the near future.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • The one situation where an entire, closed population was tested was the Diamond Princess cruise ship and its quarantine passengers. The case fatality rate there was 1.0%, but this was a largely elderly population, in which the death rate from Covid-19 is much higher.
  • Projecting the Diamond Princess mortality rate onto the age structure of the U.S. population, the death rate among people infected with Covid-19 would be 0.125%. But since this estimate is based on extremely thin data — there were just seven deaths among the 700 infected passengers and crew — the real death rate could stretch from five times lower (0.025%) to five times higher (0.625%).
  • Although successful surveillance systems have long existed for influenza, the disease is confirmed by a laboratory in a tiny minority of cases.
  • Some worry that the 68 deaths from Covid-19 in the U.S. as of March 1610 will increase exponentially to 680, 6,800, 68,000, 680,000 … along with similar catastrophic patterns around the globe. Is that a realistic scenario, or bad science fiction? How can we tell at what point such a curve might stop?
  • In the absence of data, prepare-for-the-worst reasoning leads to extreme measures of social distancing and lockdowns.
  • This has been the perspective behind the different stance of the United Kingdom keeping schools open12, at least until as I write this. In the absence of data on the real course of the epidemic, we don’t know whether this perspective was brilliant or catastrophic.
  • One of the bottom lines is that we don’t know how long social distancing measures and lockdowns can be maintained without major consequences to the economy, society, and mental health.
  • At a minimum, we need unbiased prevalence and incidence data for the evolving infectious load to guide decision-making.
  • Dennis OConnor on 19 Mar 20
     
    Dr. Michael Kurisu D.O. "My take is this article is written by a very credible source. John P.A. Ioannidis is from Stanford and great resource. Makes argument that we are basing a LOT of our decisions on faulty or NO data ! Its fascinating to me that there has been less than 10,000 deaths globally and we have had SO MUCH DISRUPTION in the economy. I definitely feel we should be tracking the amount of deaths that are going to occur from people that will be pushed into poverty as well as the number of people being denied access to medical care right now. Yes… with COVID19, it CAN get much worse…. But maybe not… we don't know yet. This article actually increased my morale and put me on track to help GET MORE DATA. Then we can make informed decisions. And then TRACK ALL THE DATA moving forward.
  • Dennis OConnor on 19 Mar 20
     
    DeAunne Denmark, MD, PhD, "Excellent piece spelling out the pervasive and critical issues due to abysmal lack/tardiness in US testing, especially of large populations where initial outbreaks occurred, for those both visibly sick and not. And most importantly, healthcare workers. We cannot even begin to estimate CFR, much less develop reliable projection models, without valid data on everybody who is carrying. "The most valuable piece of information for answering those questions would be to know the current prevalence of the infection in a random sample of a population and to repeat this exercise at regular time intervals to estimate the incidence of new infections."
Dennis OConnor

The Quantification of Placebo Effects Within a General Model of Health Care Outcomes - 1 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3162378

placebo research positivity

shared by Dennis OConnor on 04 Jul 20 - No Cached
  • It is proposed that the integration of a scientific model of placebo effects within a general model of health care outcomes could finally end the placebo debate and help to integrate these powerful effects into the health care system.
  • Positive expectancy is recognized as a central component of placebo phenomena by all placebo theorists
  • The proposed model emphasizes that the search for a placebo personality factor must be combined with the measurement of situational expectancy.
  • ...47 more annotations...
  • an individual who has negative expectations regarding treatment effectiveness would likely produce a stronger than average “nocebo” effec
  • placebo-prone personality
  • Absorption
  • receptivity to sensory experiences and a propensity for sustained, focused attention.
  • Absorption has a genetic basis and is higher in women compared to men
  • Absorption can go in either a positive or negative direction, depending on the situation,
  • Subjects were randomly
  • outcome measures
  • based on three scales
  • includes scales measuring fatigue, pain, and spasticity
  • Judgment that the placebo was the active device resulted in a positive score with a magnitude of the confidence rating.
  • if judgment was that the placebo was the placebo device, the confidence rating of the placebo was a negative score, with the magnitude of the rating.
  • scored in the upper quintile on improved quality of life, as measured by the 3 QLI (an average of three symptom scales measuring pain, fatigue, and spasticity) after receiving treatment with a sham device.
  • placebo responders
  • Placebo responders scored higher on Absorptio
  • Placebo responders gave higher confidence ratings that the placebo was the active device
  • This study provides support for a two-factor model of placebo responding.
  • importance of positive expectancy
  • both cognitive and emotional factors mediate these effects
  • Positive beliefs or confidence in the treatment coupled with a desire to feel better activate processes that result in positive outcomes.
  • positive expectancy is an essential factor
  • disease-specific pathways that are activated by positive expectancies have helped to transform this “soft” psychologic factor into a “hard” physiologic factor with physically measurable effects.
  • While the shift from negative to positive affect may be the hallmark of placebo responding, negative affect alone is not sufficient and can play a role in people who worsen as well (nocebo effects).
  • Numerous research studies have reliably shown that Absorption is modestly (yet very consistently) correlated with hypnotizability.
  • Hypnotizability is often associated with “suggestibility,” with perhaps the sense of a weak-willed character or unbridled fantasy-proneness, the “unreality factor” that has plagued placebo theory for decades.
  • enlightening to view these individual differences as a natural endowment in self-regulation skills: a potential innate strength rather than a simple weakness with a natural ability for self-directed healing in response to health challenges.
  • Decades of research have reliably demonstrated that individuals scoring high in Absorption can skillfully modulate an impressive array of physiologic processes in laboratory settings.
  • The literature suggests that the mind–body control of high Absorption scorers is similar to the self-regulation skills that many are seeking to develop with meditation, mindfulness, yoga, and qigong.
  • The regular practice of mind–body control and the cultivation of positive attitudes may enhance regulation at higher levels, improving the regularity of circadian and other rhythms,
  • points to the role of both expectation and conditioning, with conditioning playing a greater role in certain pathways such as immune modulation.
  • somatic vulnerability of high Absorption individuals who suffer from negative biases in perception.
  • nocebo phenomena described by these researchers are important for our model as they directly illustrate the power of a negative interaction of the two factors.
  • Many physicians admit to prescribing placebos to contribute to patient wellness, even though this “dark secret” is not condoned and is considered to be ethically questionable.
  • High Absorption individuals may benefit from encouragement to utilize their innate self-regulation skills toward maximum therapeutic effect.
  • ersons with average Absorption scores can be encouraged to become more skilled at self-regulation through mind–body therapies
  • The model does not specifically address the many factors that contribute to confidence in the treatment, such as cost, pill color, pill size, or confidence-enhancing paraphernalia.
  • The role of provider and patient interaction are also not specifically addressed.
  • he model also does not directly address the role of stress reduction
  • The strength of placebo responding in domains such as pain and depression clearly indicate the importance of the shift from a negative to a positive state.
  • the unresolved issue of why some people respond to placebos whereas others do not
  • asic two-factor model can be further tested with the basic measurement tools of expectancy and Absorption,
  • Conclusions
  • the recognition that positive expectancy and expert self-regulation skills significantly contribute to health outcomes can help to integrate these powerful effects into the health care system
  • The “positive psychology” movement is shifting attention to the power of positive expectation
  • undermining nature of negative expectancy and pessimistic language, especially in vulnerable populations such as those with pain and depression
  • Practitioners of the art of health care have always recognized the importance of motivated and empowered patients and the power of a kind word and a ray of hope.
  • This is the time to quantify these factors, integrating art and science, and finally solving (and forgiving Descartes for) the mind–body problem.
  • Dennis OConnor on 04 Jul 20
     
    "The topic of placebo effects is distinguished by decades of keen scientific interest1-4 coupled with a general skepticism regarding the ultimate significance of these phenomena. The importance of psychologic factors in mediating these effects may contribute to the attitude that placebo effects are not as substantial as a therapeutic effect produced by a drug. Complementary and alternative therapies have sometimes been dismissed as "mere placebos." However, recent studies have provided compelling evidence that placebo effects are physiologically measurable with condition-specific pathways.5"
  • Dennis OConnor on 04 Jul 20
     
    Dr. Jake Fleming recently suggested these potent keywords: quantifiable placebo The keywords led to this article. I find it affirming and empowering.
Dennis OConnor

The Lyme Disease Biobank - Characterization of 550 Patient and Control Samples from the... - 0 views

jcm.asm.org/...JCM.00032-20

lyme-disease immune-system

shared by Dennis OConnor on 02 Mar 20 - No Cached
  • Dennis OConnor on 02 Mar 20
     
    Recommended by Sharon Wampler "ABSTRACT Lyme disease (LD) is an increasing public health problem. Current laboratory testing is insensitive in early infection, the stage at which appropriate treatment is most effective in preventing disease sequela. The Lyme Disease Biobank (LDB) collects samples from individuals with symptoms consistent with early LD presenting with or without erythema migrans (EM) or an annular, expanding skin lesion, and uninfected individuals from endemic areas. Samples were collected from 550 participants (298 cases and 252 controls) according to IRB-approved protocols and shipped to a centralized biorepository. Testing was performed to confirm the presence of tick-borne pathogens by real-time PCR, and a subset of samples was tested for Borrelia burgdorferi by culture. Serology using the CDC's standard two-tiered testing algorithm (STTTA) for LD was performed on all samples. LD diagnosis was supported by laboratory testing in 82 cases, including positive STTTA, PCR, culture, or 2 positive ELISA's with EM >5 cm, while the remaining 216 cases had negative laboratory testing results. For the controls, 43 were positive on at least one of the tiers, and 6 were positive by STTTA. This collection highlights and reinforces the known limitations of serologic testing in early LD, with only 29% of individuals presenting with EM >5 cm yielding a positive result using the STTTA. Aliquots of whole blood, serum, and urine from clinically characterized patients with and without LD are available to investigators in academia and industry for evaluation or development of novel diagnostic assays for LD, to continue to improve upon currently available methods."
Dennis OConnor

Summary of Lyme in CA_Feb2020.pdf - 0 views

lyme-disease immune-system sharon-wampler

shared by Dennis OConnor on 02 Mar 20 - No Cached
  • Dennis OConnor on 02 Mar 20
     
    Compiled by Sharon Wampler
Dennis OConnor

San Diego Community News Group - La Jolla doctor donates late father s tissue to help L... - 0 views

www.sdnews.com/...to-help-Lyme-disease-research-

lyme-disease immune-system sharon-wampler

shared by Dennis OConnor on 02 Mar 20 - No Cached
  • Dennis OConnor on 02 Mar 20
     
    "Before now, La Jolla biochemist Dr. Sharon Wampler never spoke publicly about the controversy that plagued her father's battle with Lyme Disease. Sharon's father, Whitfield (W.E.) Wampler, was age 92 when he passed away August of 2016. While it's unknown exactly how long W.E. lived with Lyme, his more severe symptoms-including joint failure and loss of hearing and eyesight-spanned over ten years."
Dennis OConnor

Researchers Cast Doubt On Theory Of Coronavirus Lab Accident : Goats and Soda : NPR - 1 views

www.npr.org/...ry-of-coronavirus-lab-accident

covid research origins-covid-19

shared by Dennis OConnor on 24 Apr 20 - No Cached
  • April 23, 2020
  • Virus researchers say there is virtually no chance that the new coronavirus was released as result of a laboratory accident in China or anywhere else.
  • after corresponding with 10 leading scientists who collect samples of viruses from animals in the wild, study virus genomes and understand how lab accidents can happen, NPR found that an accidental release would have required a remarkable series of coincidences and deviations from well-established experimental protocols.
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • All of the evidence points to this not being a laboratory accident," says Jonna Mazet, a professor of epidemiology at the University of California, Davis and director of a global project to watch for emerging viruses called PREDICT.
  • all believe that the virus was transmitted between animals and humans in nature, as has happened in previous outbreaks — from Ebola to the Marburg virus — and with other known coronaviruses such as SARS and MERS.
  • Regardless, genetic analysis shows the virus began to spread sometime in the fall or winter of 2019, says Robert Garry, a microbiologist at Tulane University. Those same analyses refuted an earlier theory that the virus was genetically engineered in a laboratory.
  • the exact route from nature to people remains a mystery,
  • Rather than a laboratory misstep, researchers believe that this new coronavirus reached humans in the same way that other coronaviruses have: through "zoonotic spillover," or humans picking up pathogens from wildlife.
  • The CDC estimates that 6 out of 10 infectious diseases in people come from animals, including diseases caused by coronaviruses.
  • "As we change the landscape to suit our purposes, we come more and more into contact with viruses and other pathogens that we don't have much exposure to," says Dr. Brian Bird, associate director of the OneHealth Institute at UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine and a former CDC scientist.
  • "Zoonotic transmission" or "zoonotic spillover" generally happens three ways: through excretion (feces that comes into contact with humans), slaughter (meat consumed by humans) and vector-borne (an animal biting a human). But even under these circumstances, the virus must then overcome barriers within the human body, defeating the immune system, to successfully replicate and transmit between humans themselves.
  • Despite the evidence, misinformation about the virus's origins continue to proliferate. For Daszak, who has worked on other outbreaks, the pattern is all too familiar: "Every time we get a new virus emerging, we have people that say, 'This could have come from a lab,' " he says.
  • "It's a real shame that the conspiracy theories can get to the level they've got with policymakers,"
  • The political heat has strained the very scientific collaborations meant to detect these viruses as they emerge, warns Jonna Mazet.
  • Daszak says the time for finger-pointing is over. "We have a bat virus in my neighborhood in New York killing people," he says. "Let's get real about this."
  • Dennis OConnor on 24 Apr 20
     
    "April 23, 2020"
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