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"Nanotechnology will be at first rare and expensive and, by the end of the century, commonplace and cheap, largely fulfilling the predictions of pioneering scientists"

"No, scientists have found no clear indications of life, past or present, beyond the Earth. There have been several tantalizing suggestions - that the Viking mission might have detected evidence of microbial life on Mars or that there are fossil microbes in some Mars rocks or meteorites - but none of these claims has been verified." Although this link is simply the Frequently Asked Questions of the SETI Institute, I have found this extremely helpful because many questions that I had were answered (hence the "Frequently Asked Questions"). These questions are about life that we have found past the Earth, why people insist that "life is out there", and even how scientists at this institute are examining global warming to find the effects. As this article is on the website of the SETI Institute, which consists of some of the best scientists in the world, I think that it is safe to assume that this is a valid source. Citations: "SETI Institute." SETI Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Mar. 2014.

Michio Kaku says in his book that all technological revolutions are leading to the creation of a planetary civilization. "The planetary phase of civilization is a concept defined by the Global Scenario Group (GSG), an environmental organization that specializes in scenario analysis and forecasting. Proponents of the planetary phase of Civilization State that it refers to a current historical transition from a world of capitalist states and consumerist societies to a world of increased global connectivity with new global institutions (like the United Nations and the World Trade Organization), new information technologies, environmental change in the biosphere, economic globalization, and shifts in culture and consciousness. Although the concept is hotly debated in some circles, most reputable scientists give little credence to the theory and assert that current global economic interconnectedness is a function of advanced technology rather than the emergence of anything new in cultural or sociological terms."

he has written numerous books about medicine. "Robert Paul Lanza (born 11 February 1956) is an American medical doctor, scientist, Chief Scientific Officer of Advanced Cell Technology (ACT)[1] and Adjunct Professor at the Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine."

"Over the last five years, technology has been rapidly changing and expanding in every field imaginable. Smart phones are now capable of acting as standalone computer devices that can take pictures, search the Internet, send emails and text messages and yes, they even make phone calls. While it might seem that the technology of today has reached its limits, it is still actually spreading its proverbial wings. Only twenty or so years ago, personal computers were becoming small enough and affordable enough for families to buy them for home use. Since then, the world of technology has shown no signs of slowing down and practically every device available today is somehow tied to computer technology. It seems hard these days to fathom the original size of computers and how small they have become in the last ten years, but within the last five years they have become even smaller and somehow more powerful and faster than ever before! The Internet allows people to connect with family, friends, and work colleagues from across the globe in the push of a button. Communication options have literally exploded in the instant avenues of text and video based chat as well as the near instantaneous method of email. Gone are the days where one had to post a letter and wait a week or more for a response and long distance phone calls are unnecessary for anyone with a computer, a webcam, and a speedy Internet connection. Automobiles are now being manufactured with standard GPS and emergency call features for the convenience and safety of drivers and their passengers, making the days of carrying a map completely unnecessary and improving the peace of mind of anyone who must travel the roads alone or at night. Computerized cars are now potentially at risk in much the same fashion as a personal computer as a moderately skilled hacker can theoretically take over basic functions of a vehicle - including its engine. Yes, technological advancement has changed our lives completely, and not al

"But nanotechnologists think they have an answer for treatment as well, and it comes in the form of targeted drug therapies. If scientists can load their cancer-detecting gold nanoparticles with anticancer drugs, they could attack the cancer exactly where it lives. Such a treatment means fewer side effects and less medication used. Nanoparticles also carry the potential for targeted and time-release drugs. A potent dose of drugs could be delivered to a specific area but engineered to release over a planned period to ensure maximum effectiveness and the patient's safety." Nanotechnology can be a better, more efficient way of getting rid of cancer cells.

This seems like a great website to use. It backs up all of its statements with facts, so we know we can rely on it. I know this source will come in handy later because it actually explains how nanotechnology is used in some medical fields. I also know this is reliable because they list the sources that they used. This seems like a very official site to use.

"Many scientists believe the exponential growth in computing power leads inevitably to a future moment when computers will attain human-level intelligence: an event known as the "singularity"." I find this site very useful because it gives insight from many different perspectives about different possibilities for the future of the computer. It talks about how computers will possibly be capable of out thinking humans. On the contrary, the source talks about how computers may not be capable of outperforming humans. I believe this source is reliable because it contains quotes from many respected scientists, including Michio Kaku.

"When discussing the possibility of interstellar travel, there is something called "the giggle factor." Some scientists tend to scoff at the idea of interstellar travel because of the enormous distances that separate the stars." This site goes into great detail about the amount of energy and the level of technology required for interstellar space travel. Michio Kaku describes that many scientists believe that interstellar space travel would be impractical and impossible, considering the massive distance between stars. For instance, traveling at light speed would take you roughly 100,000 years to reach the edge of the Milky Way galaxy. This is a reliable source, considering it was written by Michio Kaku himself.

"SAN FRANCISCO - 3-D printing, used to construct everything from art to toys to spare parts for the space station, may one day produce human organs at a hospital near you. click image to enlarge A 3-D printed prosthetic nose and ear are displayed at an industry show in London in November. The technology may eventually help reduce organ shortages. Bloomberg News photo by Chris Ratcliffe Select images available for purchase in the Maine Today Photo Store The 20-year-old technology uses liquid materials that become hard as they print out three-dimensional objects in layers, based on a digital model. Current medical uses are in dentistry, for hard-material crowns, caps and bridges, as well as prosthetics. Last year, a 3-D printer was used to create a structure from moldable polymer that replaced more than 75 percent of a patient's skull. Now, Organovo Holdings Inc. is using 3-D printers to create living tissue that may one day look and act like a human liver, able to cleanse the body of toxins. Drugmakers and cosmetic companies already plan to use 3-D printed human tissue to test new products. Eventually, the technology may help reduce organ shortages and cut transplant rejections as patients receive new organs constructed from their own cells. "3-D printing is like a new tool set," said Organovo Chief Executive Officer Keith Murphy. "You can make a living tissue you can grow outside the body. That's the core of our technology. How can you be smart about doing that?" Organovo already is preparing to sell strips of liver tissue to drugmakers this year to be used to test toxicity of potential treatments, Murphy said in a telephone interview. The San Diego-based company's five- and 10-year goals are first to use a patient's own cells to print tissue strips that can be used to patch failing organs, and finally to be able to create entire new organs. The first 3-D printer was produced in 1992. Since then, a variety of materials have been used as the t

"The seeds of modern AI were planted by classical philosophers who attempted to describe the process of human thinking as the mechanical manipulation of symbols. This work culminated in the invention of the programmable digital computer in the 1940s, a machine based on the abstract essence of mathematical reasoning. This device and the ideas behind it inspired a handful of scientists to begin seriously discussing the possibility of building an electronic brain. "

"Because of the increasing number of scientists who study the nervous system, several prominent neuroscience organizations have been formed to provide a forum to all neuroscientists and educators."

This page summarizes Chapter 3 (Future of the Medicine). "Kaku discusses robotic body parts, modular robots, unemployment caused by robots, surrogates and avatars (like their respective movies), and reverse engineering the brain. Kaku goes over the three laws of robotics and their contradictions. He endorses a "chip in robot brains to automatically shut them off if they have murderous thoughts", and believes that the most likely scenario is "friendly AI", in which robots are free to wreak havoc and destruction, but are designed to desire benevolence.[1]"

"Nanotechnology: Everything from Nothing?"

"Unlike conventional chemical rockets which use Newton's third law of motion, solar sails take advantage of radiation pressure from stars. Kaku believes that after sending a gigantic solar sail into orbit, one could install lasers on the moon, which would hit the sail and give it extra momentum. Another alternative is to send thousands of nanoships, of which only a few would reach their destination. "Once arriving on a nearby moon, they could create a factory to make unlimited copies of themselves," says Kaku. Nanoships would require very little fuel to accelerate. They could visit the stellar neighborhood by floating on the magnetic fields of other planets."

Michio Kaku on Physics of the Future

"The growing power of computer vision is a crucial first step for the next generation of computing, robotic and artificial intelligence systems. Once machines can identify objects and understand their environments, they can be freed to move around in the world. And once robots become mobile they will be increasingly capable of extending the reach of humans or replacing them." This source is useful because it give some good background information on artificial intelligence and also an idea of what it will be like in the near future. The information from this article will be used in our project when we present what AI is like today and how it is quickly expanding. The facts and knowledge from this article are credible because it is from an official news source, the New York Times. This article is also reliable because it contains real quotes from real scientists studying AI.

This article shows and cites predictions from scientists about the future. It is reliable due to these citations, and contains a wide variety of information. From fusion and fission to governmental predictions, this website has just about everything.

"The "ink" in the bioprinting process employed by Organovo is composed of spheres packed with tens of thousands of human cells. These spheres are assembled or "printed" on sheets of organic biopaper." This is a very interesting video on how organ printing is accomplished. It describes how the use of bio-ink can enable us to create a functioning structure out of thousands of human cells, and it does this through clear descriptions and footage. It gives you a look inside of a lab where 3D organ printing is being created and introduces you to a scientist who is highly experienced in the field. We know it is reliable because in the description it tells us all about the man who made these predictions, Dr. Gabor Forgacs. This will be highly beneficial during our research by helping us understand how 3D printing works.

Alan Turing drew much between 1928 and 1933 from the work of the mathematical physicist and populariser A. S. Eddington, from J. von Neumann's account of the foundations of quantum mechanics, and then from Bertrand Russell's mathematical logic. Meanwhile, his lasting fascination with the problems of mind and matter was heightened by emotional elements in his own life (Hodges 1983, p. 63). In 1934 he graduated with an outstanding degree in mathematics from Cambridge University, followed by a successful dissertation in probability theory which won him a Fellowship of King's College, Cambridge, in 1935. This was the background to his learning, also in 1935, of the problem which was to make his name. As far as history goes, Alan Turing was basically the father of AI. He was the one of the first to even work with computers, as he was a computer scientist during WWII. He worked on cracking German codes with advanced (for the time) computers.