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"Will we still be using keyboards and mice or will we actually live inside a partially digital world?" This site is useful because it really gives detail about the future of the computer. This site is reliable because it has plausible reasons to back the ideas Jonathan Strickland wrote.

Scenarios for the Future of humanity

I believe this is an extraordinary website. It seems to do a great job exhibiting what our future may hold. Seems very useful as an outline for research or opinions.

This page summarizes Chapter 3 (Future of the Medicine). "Kaku discusses robotic body parts, modular robots, unemployment caused by robots, surrogates and avatars (like their respective movies), and reverse engineering the brain. Kaku goes over the three laws of robotics and their contradictions. He endorses a "chip in robot brains to automatically shut them off if they have murderous thoughts", and believes that the most likely scenario is "friendly AI", in which robots are free to wreak havoc and destruction, but are designed to desire benevolence.[1]"

"Nanotechnology: Everything from Nothing?"

"Unlike conventional chemical rockets which use Newton's third law of motion, solar sails take advantage of radiation pressure from stars. Kaku believes that after sending a gigantic solar sail into orbit, one could install lasers on the moon, which would hit the sail and give it extra momentum. Another alternative is to send thousands of nanoships, of which only a few would reach their destination. "Once arriving on a nearby moon, they could create a factory to make unlimited copies of themselves," says Kaku. Nanoships would require very little fuel to accelerate. They could visit the stellar neighborhood by floating on the magnetic fields of other planets."

"Our world is full of integrated circuits. You find several of them in computers. For example, most people have probably heard about the microprocessor. The microprocessor is an integrated circuit that processes all information in the computer. It keeps track of what keys are pressed and if the mouse has been moved. It counts numbers and runs programs, games and the operating system. Integrated circuits are also found in almost every modern electrical device such as cars, television sets, CD players, cellular phones, etc. But what is an integrated circuit and what is the history behind it?"

"CPU clock speed for a single cpu has been fairly static in the last couple of years  - hovering around 3.4Ghz. Of course, we shouldn't fall completely into the Megahertz myth, but one avenue of speed increase has been blocked:"

"Moore's law is the observation that, over the history of computing hardware, the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles approximately every two years. The law is named after Intel co-founder Gordon E. Moore, who described the trend in his 1965 paper.[1][2][3] His prediction has proven to be accurate, in part because the law is now used in the semiconductor industry to guide long-term planning and to set targets for research and development.[4]"

Physicists rank everything, even human civilizations, by the energy it consumes.

"Nanotechnology will be at first rare and expensive and, by the end of the century, commonplace and cheap, largely fulfilling the predictions of pioneering scientists"

"Q: You believe that within about two decades, nanotechnology will replace the computer industry as the field of the biggest technological innovations, right?"

What you do today could affect what happened yesterday.

"...but the researchers say that the rules of the quantum world conspire to preserve causality by "hiding" the influence of future choices until those choices have actually been made." It is interesting to see our existence through that lens. It is strange to believe that you are always being influenced by the choices and decisions that you have not made yet. This source seems reliable because it was written by a website that has true information.

"Artificial intelligence (AI) would be the possession of intelligence, or the exercise of thought, by machines such as computers."

"While we don't know what thought or intelligence is, essentially, and while we're very far from agreed on what things do and don't have it, almost everyone agrees that humans think, and agrees with Descartes that our intelligence is amply manifest in our speech. Along these lines, Alan Turing suggested that if computers showed human level conversational abilities we should, by that, be amply assured of their intelligence. Turing proposed a specific conversational test for human-level intelligence, the "Turing test" it has come to be called. Turing himself characterizes this test in terms of an "imitation game"" This seems to be a wonderful source, and I feel that it is reliable because it is an official academic resource, reviewed by many. I plan on using this fantastic source for general information, and specifically the bit I quoted for determining exactly what qualifies as an artificial intelligence. Many computers are considered "thoughtful" but what truly defines AI I play to learn from Turing's Test; an experiment developed by Alan Turing (another facet I would consider researching)

" The book is good enough to stimulate our imagination."

"To call the evolution of the computermeteoric seems like an understatement. Consider Moore's Law, an observation that Gordon Moore made back in 1965. He noticed that the number of transistors engineers could cram onto a silicon chip doubled every year or so. That manic pace slowed over the years to a slightly more modest 24-month cycle."

"How has the approach toward nanotechnology changed as we've learned more about nature?"

Kaku mentions the three different types of civilizatio a lot through out his book. Here are definitions for each civilizations. In 1964, Kardashev defined three levels of civilizations, based on the order of magnitude of power available to them: Type I "Technological level close to the level presently attained on earth, with energy consumption at ≈4×1019 erg/sec[1] (4 × 1012 watts.) Guillermo A. Lemarchand stated this as "A level near contemporary terrestrial civilization with an energy capability equivalent to the solar insolation on Earth, between 1016 and 1017 watts."[2] Type II "A civilization capable of harnessing the energy radiated by its own star (for example, the stage of successful construction of a Dyson sphere), with energy consumption at ≈4×1033 erg/sec.[1] Lemarchand stated this as "A civilization capable of utilizing and channeling the entire radiation output of its star. The energy utilization would then be comparable to the luminosity of our Sun, about 4 × 1026 watts."[2] Type III "A civilization in possession of energy on the scale of its own galaxy, with energy consumption at ≈4×1044 erg/sec."[1] Lemarchand stated this as "A civilization with access to the power comparable to the luminosity of the entire Milky Way galaxy, about 4 × 1037 Watts."[2]"