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Jac Londe

Copyright.gov - 0 views

shared by Jac Londe on 11 Oct 08 - Cached
Jac Londe

Greebo Science - 0 views

  • Planck Units
  • Planck units are largely based upon three fundamental units, h, G, and c.
  • The gravitational constant is given the symbol "G".   It is a measured value used in the force equation for gravity (see below). F = Gm1m2 / r2 The m units are masses of two bodies which are separated by a distance r.   By rearranging the equation, we have G (see below). G = Fr2 / m1m2 The gravitational force, F, was measured between two masses to arrive at G.   At various times, the laboratory equipment and methods were improved to arrive at more accurate values for G.   The physics texts were not usually updated for the new values because (1) the changes were not great enough to justify the added expense to the texts, and (2) the changes were happening frequently enough to make each text obsolete before it arrived in the hands of students.   Consequently, there are numerous variations of G to be found, but the differences between them are slight. There are many systems of weights and measures used in physics.   Fundamental constants such as G often have two values according to the measuring system used.   When two such units are mixed to arrive at subsidiary units such as the planck length, the result is a completely erroneous value along with units of measure which do not apply.   Consequently, it is important to convert the various units of the fundamental constants used to the same system of units.   In may instances of late, this has not been done. Finally, there is human error involved in copying from an old text to create a new next.   This means that it is wise to check various texts to see if they all agree (they usually don't), and decide what is correct and what is not correct.   For G, the following was discovered.
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  • G = 6.670x10-11 newton meter2/kilogram2 From a text created by the Department of Physics at the U.S. Air Force Academy in about 1955, Formulas and Tables. G = 6.673x10-11 newton meter2/kilogram2 From a textbook last copyrighted in 1972, Elements of Physics. G = 6.6742x10-11 meter3/kilogram second2 From a science publication announcing an improved value based upon data from a recent experiment 1994.   Note that the the text mentioned below, probably written prior to 1994, did not include the change. G = 6.67259x10-11 newton meter2/kilogram2 From a textbook last copyrighted in 1997, Fundamentals of Physics Extended.  
  • 1 newton = 1 kilogram of force = 1 kilogram of mass x 1 meter/second2 = 100,000 dynes
  • For h, the following was discovered. h = 6.6252x10-34 joule second   or   4.134x10-15 electron volt second
  • 1 joule = 10,000,000 ergs = .737324 (one book gave .7376) foot pounds = 1 watt second = .1020 kilogram meter
  • The joule is defined as the unit of work or energy equivalent to work done or heat generated in one second by an electric current of one ampere against a resistance of one ohm - or raising the potential of a coulomb by one volt.
  • The erg is defined as the unit of work and of energy, being the work done in moving a body one centimeter against a force of one dyne. 1 erg = one centimeter dyne = 980.7 centimeter grams = 107 joules = 107 watt seconds The electron volt (sometimes called the equivalent volt) is defined as the unit of energy equal to that acquired by an electron passing through a potential of one volt.
  • h = 1.0753x10-35 kilogram meter2/second G = 6.6742x10-11 meter3/kilogram second2 c = 2.9979x108 meters/second
Jac Londe

Loi sur le droit d'auteur - 0 views

  • Loi sur le droit d’auteur1 - TITRE ABRÉGÉ 2 - DÉFINITIONS ET DISPOSITIONS INTERPRÉTATIVES 3 - PARTIE I - DROIT D’AUTEUR ET DROITS MORAUX SUR LES OEUVRES
  • PARTIE II - DROIT D’AUTEUR SUR LES PRESTATIONS, ENREGISTREMENTS SONORES ET SIGNAUX DE COMMUNICATION ET DROITS MORAUX SUR LES PRESTATIONS
  • PARTIE III - VIOLATION DU DROIT D’AUTEUR ET DES DROITS MORAUX, ET CAS D’EXCEPTION
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  • PARTIE IV - RECOURS
  • PARTIE V - ADMINISTRATION
  • PARTIE VI - DIVERS
  • PARTIE VII - COMMISSION DU DROIT D’AUTEUR ET GESTION COLLECTIVE
  • PARTIE VIII - COPIE POUR USAGE PRIVÉ
  • PARTIE IX - DISPOSITIONS GÉNÉRALES
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