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To improve understanding of the intersection of HIV/AIDS and drug abuse, this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is part of a multipronged 2014 expansion of HIV and AIDS related research within the context of drug and alcohol abuse among understudied populations and in understudied settings that show promise for the development of effective prevention and treatment efforts. In addition to this funding opportunity, others included in the 2014 expansion address HIV/AIDS and substance use among the homeless and unstably housed (RFA-DA-14-009); substance use, HIV, and Black/African American women and young Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) (RFA-DA-14-010); exploratory research on comorbid HIV, chronic pain, and substance use among older adults (RFA-DA-14-012), and Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain Data Harmonization Coordinating Center (RFA-DA-14-007).

To improve understanding of the intersection of HIV/AIDS and drug abuse, this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is part of a multipronged 2014 expansion of HIV and AIDS related research within the context of drug and alcohol abuse among understudied populations and in understudied settings that show promise for the development of effective prevention and treatment efforts. In addition to this funding opportunity, others included in the 2014 expansion address HIV/AIDS and substance use among the homeless and unstably housed (RFA-DA-14-009); the integration of substance abuse and HIV prevention and treatment within HIV/AIDS service delivery settings (RFA-DA-14-011); exploratory research on comorbid HIV, chronic pain, and substance use among older adults (RFA-DA-14-012); and Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain Data Harmonization Coordinating Center (RFA-DA-14-007).

INL is part of the Department of State's multi-faceted response to transnational criminal activity. Dedicated to strengthening criminal justice systems, countering the flow of illegal narcotics, and minimizing transnational crime, INL plays a key role in leading the development and synchronization of U.S. international drug and crime assistance. INL's technical support is tailored to support partner countries through multilateral, regional, and country-specific programs and prevent victimization of vulnerable populations. To support further progress in Costa Rica, INL has allocated funds for a program to increase police, local governments and community security by creating a Capacity Enhancement Program on Domestic Violence prevention, increasing vulnerable populations' awareness, and victim's assistance in the 15 cantons in Costa Rica.

The NIH Research Education Program (R25) supports research education activities in the mission areas of the NIH. The over-arching goal of this National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) R25 program is to support educational activities that encourage individuals from diverse backgrounds, including those from groups underrepresented in the biomedical and behavioral sciences, to pursue further studies or careers in substance abuse and addiction research.

The purpose of the HHS OMH is to improve minority health and the quality of health care minorities receive and to work to eliminate racial and ethnic disparities, including through awarding grants and cooperative agreements with organizations in communities of color to develop specific efforts to improve the health status of racial and ethnic minorities. To support HHS Secretary Price’s three priorities, combating opioid abuse, childhood and adolescent obesity, and serious mental illness , OMH is supporting initiatives to reduce significant health disparities impacting minorities and/or disadvantaged populations through the implementation of evidence-based strategies with the greatest potential for impact. Opioid Abuse Deaths from drug overdoses, driven by prescription and illicit opioid overdoses, have been identified as a significant public health crisis in the United States.

Timely and reliable laboratory data are an essential component of a well-functioning national health system. This FOA will support strengthening the quality, accessibility, and sustainability of the NHLS across a six-tiered network, i.e., at the national, zonal, regional, district, health center, and dispensary levels. Technical assistance will focus on improving the quality assurance of HIV rapid testing, TB microscopy and GeneXpert; Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) and Viral Load (VL) testing; establishment and maintenance of efficient sample referral system and transport networks; implementation of laboratory Quality Management Systems; implementation of Laboratory Information Management Systems; scale up of EID and VL monitoring programs; quantification and forecasting of laboratory commodities; HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance; and, effective use of laboratory data for program management.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to encourage exploratory developmental research to improve Native American (NA) health. Such research can include: conducting secondary analysis of existing data (such as databases that the Tribal Epidemiology Centers have collected); merge various sources of data to answer critical research questions; conduct pilot and feasibility studies; and/or assess and validate measures that are being developed and/or adapted for use in NA communities. For the purposes of this FOA, the term 'Native Americans' includes the following populations: Alaska Native, American Indian, and Native Hawaiian. The term 'Native Hawaiian' means any individual whose ancestors were natives, prior to 1778, belonging to the area that now comprises the State of Hawaii. Studies should: be culturally appropriate and result in promoting the adoption of healthy lifestyles; improve behaviors and social conditions and/or improve environmental conditions related to chronic disease; prevent or reduce the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs; improve mental health outcomes; reduce risk of HIV infection; improve treatment adherence and/or health-care systems adopting standards of care to improve overall quality of life.

First Nations began investing in Native youth by launching the Native Youth and Culture Fund (NYCF) in 2002 to partner with tribes, Native nonprofit organizations and Native community groups working in rural and reservation-based communities and seeking ways to preserve, strengthen and/or renew Native cultures and traditions among youth. First Nations believes that Native youth represent the future of Native communities, and that their health and well-being determine the future health and well-being of a community overall. By investing in youth and giving them a sense of place and tradition in the community, a community ensures that it will have bright and capable future leaders.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage developmental and exploratory research focused on determining the mechanisms for the variation in the prevalence of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), and understanding and reducing disparities in opioid care in minority health and health disparity populations in the U.S. This initiative will also seek to identify multi-level intervention strategies at the institutional and systems level for addressing OUD in these populations.