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Long-term misuse and chronic exposure to abused substances can produce widespread changes in brain structure and function. Although much progress has been made, additional research is still needed to identify the neurobiological changes that result from substance use, and how these changes contribute to substance use disorders. The overarching goals of the research areas described in this FOA are to understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying substance use disorders, with special emphasis on identifying changes and neuroadaptations that occur during dependence, withdrawal, and relapse to chronic substance use. An understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying substance use disorders can help to identify targets for prevention and treatment interventions. Research utilizing basic, translational, or clinical approaches is appropriate.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement is to solicit research to develop, optimize and test mental health telehealth methods (i.e., without involving in-person interaction between a mental health clinician and the patient) to help evaluate and treat emergency department (ED) patients with suicide risk, compared to usual care of such patients in emergency departments without adequate on-site mental health specialty consultation. Primary research questions include if the use of telehealth methods affects the proportion of ED patients who are (1) considered at imminent risk for suicide, (2) boarded in the ED due to suicide risk, and (3) require hospitalization for suicide risk; (4) whether use of telehealth methods affects the rate of within-encounter provision of evidence-based suicide prevention interventions; and whether use of telehealth methods affects (5) the rates of suicide ideation, attempts and deaths, and (6) health care use and costs, in the year after an index ED visit in which a patient was identified with suicide risk. To inform future implementation of telehealth enabled suicide prevention practices in the ED, qualitative data on patient and provider views of telehealth provision of suicide prevention practices (feasibility and acceptability of clinical decision making; clinical workflows; ease of use of technology) are sought.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages applications focused on the use the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) database, clinical data and images. This FOA seeks to expand the use of these resources by investigators in the broader research community. Examples of possible topics are: identification and validation of risk factors for knee and hip OA, including both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors; utilization of biospecimens in conjunction with research efforts to determine biochemical markers of early and/or progressive disease; analyses of existing OAI data to assess the effectiveness of biobehavioral, pharmacological, and other interventions that subjects use in response to OA pain; determination of predictive role of MRI changes for subsequent radiographic and clinical outcome changes related to development of knee OA; development of novel and efficient tools for analysis of MR images and x rays that can be applied to large numbers of images with high degrees of reproducibility for diagnosis and monitoring of OA-related changes; and research focused on the trajectory of disease including effects on other joint structures such as muscles, ligaments, and bone, with regard to points where interventions could be made, especially for subsets, to reduce OA severity. The publication of this FOA to the research community indicates to investigators and peer reviewers the importance that the NIAMS and other partners have placed on the use of the OAI resources.

Most survey-based prevalence estimates of type 1 diabetes among adults have been based on self-reported information about a young age at diagnosis (e.g.,30 years and 40 years) and insulin use within a year of diagnosis. However, this estimation approach misses type 1 diabetes in adults with older age of onset and may misclassify some cases of type 2 diabetes as type 1 if insulin use begins soon after diagnosis. The major goal of this project is to evaluate the validity of survey questions (or algorithms based on them) to distinguish between adults (aged 18 years of age) with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in a representative sample of adult diabetic patients in a diabetes patient registry or database. Using a gold standard, validity will be assessed by examining the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of algorithms to identify type of diabetes across demographic strata such as age, sex, and race. A secondary goal is to validate definitions of type of diabetes using electronic health records.

This Notice supersedes NOT-OD-15-024 about the NIH and AHRQ requirement for use of a new biosketch format and provides some latitude in the transition for those who have already been compiling biosketches for their large grant applications with deadlines in early in 2015. NIH and AHRQ encourages applicants to use the newly published biosketch format for all grant and cooperative agreement applications submitted for due dates on or after January 25, 2015, and will require use of the new format for applications submitted for due dates on or after May 25, 2015. Applicants may submit using the new biosketch format for due dates before January 25, 2015, if they wish.

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA's) Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) and Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) are accepting applications for fiscal year (FY) 2015 Cooperative Agreements to Benefit Homeless Individuals for States (CABHI-States) grants. The purpose of this jointly funded program is to enhance or develop the infrastructure of states and their treatment service systems to increase capacity and provide accessible, effective, comprehensive, coordinated/integrated, and evidence-based treatment services; permanent supportive housing; peer supports; and other recovery support services to: * Individuals who experience chronic homelessness and have substance use disorders, serious mental illnesses (SMI), or co-occurring mental and substance use disorders; and/or * Veterans who experience homelessness/chronic homelessness and have substance use disorders, SMI, or co-occurring mental and substance use disorders. As a result of this program, SAMHSA seeks to: 1) improve statewide strategies to address planning, coordination, and integration of behavioral health and primary care services, and permanent housing to reduce homelessness; 2) increase the number of individuals, residing in permanent housing, who receive behavioral health treatment and recovery support services; and 3) increase the number of individuals placed in permanent housing and enrolled in Medicaid and other mainstream benefits (e.g., Supplemental Security Income/Social Security Disability Insurance [SSI/SSDI], Temporary Assistance for Needy Families [TANF], Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program [SNAP]).

The Collaborative Research on Addiction at the NIH (CRAN) - composed of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and - along with the Eunice Kennedy Shriver Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), and the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR) intend to jointly fund the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study Consortium using the cooperative agreement award mechanism.  The objective of the consortium is to establish a national, multisite, longitudinal cohort study to prospectively examine the neurodevelopmental and behavioral effects of substance use from early adolescence (approximately age 9-10) through the period of risk for substance use and substance use disorders.

This announcement solicits applications for the Improving Timeliness of Newborn Screening Diagnosis program. The purpose of the initiative is to improve the time to diagnosis and treatment for babies undergoing newborn screening (NBS) who receive a presumptive positive result. This initiative will fund one organization that will facilitate and coordinate collaborative learning and quality improvement (QI) activities by newborn screening programs using strategies that improve newborn screening timeliness. The overall goal for this initiative is to increase the number of states that meet the Secretary¿s Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children (SACHDNC or Committee) recommendations on timeliness and the number of infants receiving timely diagnosis and treatment. The SACHDNC¿s duties include providing advice and recommendations to the Secretary concerning grants and projects awarded under section 1109 of the PHS Act and making systematic evidence-based and peer-reviewed recommendations to the Secretary that include the heritable disorders that have the potential to significantly affect public health, for which all newborns should be screened. In order to achieve the best outcomes for babies, the Committee has discussed the following time periods to improve notification of results*: 1) Presumptive positive results for time-critical conditions should be communicated immediately to the child¿s healthcare provider but no later than the fifth day of life. 2) All presumptive positive results for all other conditions should be communicated to the child¿s healthcare provider as soon as possible but no later than seven (7) days of life. 3) All NBS results should be reported within seven (7) days of life. *On February 12, 2015, the DACHDNC will finalize these recommendations. The awardee is expected to use the DACHDNC¿s final recommendations. Program activites include: · Facilitate the implementation of practice-ba

The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) of the National Science Foundation (NSF) is one of the thirteen principal federal statistical agencies within the United States. It is responsible for the collection, acquisition, analysis, reporting and dissemination of objective, statistical data related to the science and engineering enterprise in the United States and other nations that is relevant and useful to practitioners, researchers, policymakers and the public. NCSES uses this information to prepare a number of statistical data reports as well as analytical reports including the National Science Board's biennial report, Science and Engineering (S&E) Indicators, and Women, Minorities and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering. The Center would like to enhance its efforts to support analytic and methodological research in support of its surveys, and to engage in the education and training of researchers in the use of large-scale nationally representative datasets. NCSES welcomes efforts by the research community to use NCSES data for research on the science and technology enterprise, to develop improved survey methodologies for NCSES surveys, to create and improve indicators of S&T activities and resources, and strengthen methodologies to analyze and disseminate S&T statistical data. To that end, NCSES invites proposals for individual or multi-investigator research projects, doctoral dissertation improvement awards, workshops, experimental research, survey research and data collection and dissemination projects under its program for Research on the Science and Technology Enterprise: Statistics and Surveys.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will support rigorous, pre-clinical studies that establish the rationale for a clinical trial, where the hypothesis originates from use of a published or publicly available method for identifying new indications for existing drugs or biologics (therapeutics). The goal of an individual project will be to explore the potential new use of an existing investigational, phase 2a-ready, or FDA-approved drug or licensed biologic; a pre-clinical study funded through this initiative will serve as a use case to demonstrate the utility of an independent crowdsourcing effort or of a computational algorithm to predict new uses of a drug or biologic.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage research that would develop and validate new screening methods for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) that can be used in infancy (0-12 months of age). This FOA uses the R21 grant mechanism, while RFA- MH-19-120 uses the R01 grant mechanism. Applicants with strong preliminary data proposing validation, refinement or final stages of testing of existing tools or methods may wish to use the R01 mechanism. Pilot or exploratory projects with minimal preliminary data, or those proposing early-stage feasibility testing, may be most appropriate for this FOA (R21 mechanism).

NIOSH uses cooperative agreements to arrange collaborative surveillance and research opportunities with state health departments, universities, labor unions, and nonprofit organizations. NIOSH funds a broad array of cooperative agreements to develop knowledge for preventing occupational diseases, injury, and death. The U24 cooperative agreement mechanism will be used to provide tribal nations, states, and large municipalities with technical assistance and services to build occupational safety and health (OSH) program capacity and promote the use of multiple-source surveillance data. The awardee(s) will advance education and translation through the operation of an open-access online repository for occupational health information and surveillance data. States, Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and tribes will draw upon relationships with their stakeholders to use surveillance data to take action such as identify or support tribal and state priorities, and guide coordinated, targeted efforts to protect workers; monitor statistical and other trends and progress over time (i.e., burden and impact); propose pilot and evaluation activities for addressing disease burden or impact; conduct educational and outreach activities; and to develop prevention and intervention recommendations.

This notice solicits applications for the Rural Communities Opioid Response Program- Planning (RCORP-Planning). The purpose of RCORP is to support treatment for and prevention of substance use disorder, including opioid use disorder, in rural counties at the highest risk for substance use disorder, including the 220 counties identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as being at risk for HIV and Hepatitis C infections due to injection drug use (See Appendix A for additional eligibility information).

This notice solicits applications for the Rural Communities Opioid Response Program- Planning (RCORP-Planning). The purpose of RCORP is to support treatment for and prevention of substance use disorder, including opioid use disorder, in rural counties at the highest risk for substance use disorder, including the 220 counties identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as being at risk for HIV and Hepatitis C infections due to injection drug use (See Appendix A for additional eligibility information).

The purpose of this FOA is to fund research centers that will establish longitudinal cohorts in rare HLBS diseases to investigate unaddressed research questions using epidemiologic study designs and methods that are appropriate for conditions affecting fewer than 200,000 persons in the US. These observational cohort studies should be designed to provide an evidence base for future interventional studies, including clinical trials; for developing better diagnostics than those that are currently available; for answering early translational questions; or for broader implementation of guidelines for managing these diseases. This program will provide opportunities to advance rare disease research using genetics and deep phenotyping to characterize the disease and to identify disease sub-types; to use data science methods that integrate clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) with laboratory, imaging, environmental and -omics data to understand the natural history of disease; to generate data that differentiate patients with the same morphological phenotype but different genetic mutations and severity of outcomes; to elucidate genotype-phenotype interactions and multisystem phenotyping to develop reliable and valid predictive tools to determine who will respond to which treatments and when to intervene; and to encourage innovative methods such as telemedicine to include participants with rare diseases located in remote locations.

This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) invites applications on violence and the HIV care continuum, including: (1) research that will advance understanding of the role of exposure to violence on engagement and retention in HIV care, HIV medication adherence, and viral suppression, and (2) research to develop and test novel interventions to improve HIV care continuum outcomes for individuals who have experienced violence. This FOA uses the R21 grant mechanism, while RFA-MH-20-200 uses the R01 mechanism and RFA-MH-20-202 uses the R34 mechanism. High risk/high payoff projects that lack preliminary data or utilize existing data may be most appropriate for the R21 mechanism. Applications with preliminary data and/or those including longitudinal analysis should consider using the R01 mechanism. Applicants proposing to develop and pilot test an intervention should consider the R34 mechanism.

This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) invites applications on violence and the HIV care continuum, including: (1) research that will advance understanding of the role of exposure to violence on engagement and retention in HIV care, HIV medication adherence, and viral suppression, and (2) research to develop and test novel interventions to improve HIV care continuum outcomes for individuals who have experienced violence. This FOA uses the R01 grant mechanism, while RFA-MH-20-201 uses the R21 mechanism and RFA-MH-20-202 uses the R34 mechanism. High risk/high payoff projects that lack preliminary data or utilize existing data may be most appropriate for the R21 mechanism. Applications with preliminary data and/or those including longitudinal analysis should consider using the R01 mechanism. Applicants proposing to develop and pilot test an intervention should consider the R34 mechanism.

The purpose of this Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) is to reduce risky alcohol use among women of childbearing age through system-level implementation of alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI) in health systems providing women’s health services. Risky alcohol use can result in a variety of negative health and social consequences, such as motor vehicle crashes, intimate partner violence, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. It is costly, results in over 88,000 deaths annually, and can affect serious medical conditions, such as hypertension, liver disease and certain types of cancer. Health professionals are uniquely positioned to intervene with patients with acute and chronic health conditions caused or exacerbated by risky alcohol use. Alcohol SBI implementation efforts within health systems will focus on development and implementation of: a training and technical assistance plan; alcohol SBI protocols in primary care clinics; system-level approaches that facilitate uptake (e.g., electronic health record integration and performance metrics); an evaluation plan assessing feasibility and impact of system-level implementation; a dissemination plan on promising models and lessons learned; and a sustainability plan. Expected performance outcomes include documenting provider/clinic readiness to conduct alcohol SBI, documenting implementation barriers and proposed solutions, tracking clinic-level data on alcohol SBI, and assessing the use of system-level strategies.

What we will consider funding: Innovative ideas for improving measurement of coverage and equity data for use by program staff and managers. Specifically, their ability to collect and deliver the right data at the right time to the appropriate audiences would benefit from: Incorporating advances in technology to support decision makers in planning and executing program strategies Integration of immunization data systems, as well as the ability to address data use demands from multiple stakeholders. Enabling a culture that supports data quality and use e.g. provides feedback on data at multiple levels. Alignment of incentives to promote reporting of accurate data above coverage estimates. Innovations in process efficiency toward improved service delivery. These may stem from lean healthcare, or other approaches, but should have the end goal of improving the experience of healthcare workers, caregivers, or both.

The purpose of this IHS cooperative agreement is to increase access to community-based prevention strategies to provide social detoxification, evaluation, stabilization, fostering patient readiness for and entry into treatment for alcohol use disorders and when appropriate, other substance use disorders. Applicants must have a fully operational and staffed social detoxification program that provides all three critical components of the detoxification process that primarily serves Indians. Indian Health Service (IHS) will use this funding to focus on the provision of services in the Navajo and Great Plains Areas. Congress has highlighted that the community of Gallup, New Mexico, continues to face urgent needs for substance abuse treatment, residential services, and detoxification services to address an ongoing crisis of alcohol-related deaths of Tribal members. Senate Appropriations Committee Report 114-281 expressed the Committee's expectation that IHS use funds provided in its appropriation to continue its assistance toward addressing this issue in the city of Gallup, New Mexico. Additionally, IHS is aware of the urgent need for alcohol detoxification services in the Great Plains Area after the removal of liquor licenses in White Clay, Nebraska, leading to the potential for increased mortality if services are unavailable for alcohol detoxification and subsequent treatment services.