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HIV+ alcohol users remain an underserved group at high risk for medication non-adherence and rapid disease progression, medication toxicities, organ failure, and poor viremic control leading to increased risk of transmission and premature death. It has been estimated that the effective implementation of alcohol interventions for HIV+ individuals may reduce the rates of new infections by nearly 20% and extend life by up to 15 years in some at-risk and patient populations respectively. This new initiative seeks to advance knowledge of the effective implementation and comparative effectiveness of alcohol-focused interventions among HIV+ individuals. Multiple factors need to be investigated, including potentially important patient and provider characteristics, and the organizational, financial, and structural factors that facilitate or inhibit the delivery of evidence-based services for HIV+ individuals with a range of alcohol use disorders. The overall goal is to inform clinical decision-making that will enhance treatment outcomes and reduce harms associated with interventions for HIV+ individuals with alcohol use disorders. This solicitation is divided into two parts, one or both of which an applicant may choose to address. These parts include: 1) comparative effectiveness research focused on understanding factors related to patient engagement in appropriate alcohol and HIV care and retention in treatment; and 2) modeling and testing alternative approaches to the implementation of effective interventions to reduce HIV disease transmission and progression. This announcement addresses the need to further develop patient- centered approaches for making informed health care decisions and to improve research on health care delivery and outcomes.

HIV+ alcohol users remain an underserved group at high risk for medication non-adherence and rapid disease progression, medication toxicities, organ failure, and poor viremic control leading to increased risk of transmission and premature death. It has been estimated that the effective implementation of alcohol interventions for HIV+ individuals may reduce the rates of new infections by nearly 20% and extend life by up to 15 years in some at-risk and patient populations respectively. This new initiative seeks to advance knowledge of the effective implementation and comparative effectiveness of alcohol-focused interventions among HIV+ individuals. Multiple factors need to be investigated, including potentially important patient and provider characteristics, and the organizational, financial, and structural factors that facilitate or inhibit the delivery of evidence-based services for HIV+ individuals with a range of alcohol use disorders. The overall goal is to inform clinical decision-making that will enhance treatment outcomes and reduce harms associated with interventions for HIV+ individuals with alcohol use disorders. This solicitation is divided into two parts, one or both of which an applicant may choose to address. These parts include: 1) comparative effectiveness research focused on understanding factors related to patient engagement in appropriate alcohol and HIV care and retention in treatment; and 2) modeling and testing alternative approaches to the implementation of effective interventions to reduce HIV disease transmission and progression. This announcement addresses the need to further develop patient- centered approaches for making informed health care decisions and to improve research on health care delivery and outcomes.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will support research to measure psychosocial and behavioral variables in individuals undergoing bariatric surgery to understand how they predict success and risk and examine mechanisms of behavior change. The goals of this funding opportunity announcement are to: 1) improve the ability to identify who is at risk for sub-optimal weight loss, weight regain, and short- or long-term adverse metabolic/physiologic or behavioral outcomes based on pre-and/or post-operative behavioral characteristics and 2) inform the development of new treatment approaches to be used pre and/or post surgery to minimize risks and improve outcomes or allow for more tailored patient and procedure selection.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC) is soliciting investigator-initiated research that will help expand and advance our understanding about what works to prevent violence that impacts children and youth, collectively referred to as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), including child abuse and neglect, teen dating violence, sexual violence, youth violence, and exposure to adult intimate partner violence. This initiative is intended to support the evaluation of primary prevention strategies, programs, or policies that target universal or selected high-risk populations (i.e., populations that have one or more risk factors that place them at heightened risk for perpetration of violence). Funds are available to conduct such studies focused on preventing child abuse and neglect and at least one other form of violence affecting children and youth, including teen dating violence, sexual violence, youth violence and exposure to adult intimate partner violence as detailed elsewhere in this announcement.

This notice solicits applications for the Rural Communities Opioid Response Program- Planning (RCORP-Planning).  The purpose of RCORP-Planning is to support treatment for and prevention of substance use disorder, including opioid use disorder (OUD), in rural counties at the highest risk for substance use disorder. The overall goal of RCORP-Planning is to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with opioid overdoses in high-risk rural communities by multi-sector consortiums (as defined in the  "Eligibility Information" section) planning to strengthen their organizational and infrastructural capacity to address one or more of the following focus areas at the community, county, state, and/or regional levels: Prevention:  reducing the occurrence of opioid use disorder among new and at-risk users, as well as fatal opioid-related overdoses, through activities such as community and provider education, and harm reduction measures including the strategic placement and use of overdose reversing devices, such as naloxone, and syringe services programs; (See page 20 for additional information) Treatment:  implementing or expanding access to evidence-based practices for opioid addiction/OUD treatment, such as medication-assisted treatment (MAT) including developing strategies to eliminate or reduce treatment costs to uninsured and underinsured patients; and Recovery:  expanding peer recovery and treatment options that help people start and stay in recovery. RCORP-Planning will support one (1) year of planning funding.

This notice announces the opportunity to apply for funding under the Rural Health Innovation and Transformation Technical Assistance (RHIT-TA) program. The purpose of this program is to provide technical assistance (TA) to rural stakeholders and the public to help them understand and engage in the value-based care landscape in the context of rural health care. In an effort to control health care costs and improve the quality of care, public and private payers have increasingly implemented initiatives to encourage value-based care. Value-based care programs reward health care providers for the quality of care through the realignment of financial incentives towards value over volume. Because of the unique economic factors affecting rural providers, the implementation and effects of value-based care initiatives may look different in rural, low-volume settings. For example, low patient volumes, along with low margins, in rural settings can make it more difficult to absorb the financial risks associated with value-based care. Start-up costs for value-based care may seem prohibitive for some, while small volumes may make it more difficult to measure value and may increase the risk of skewed outcomes. At the same time, value-based care initiatives are evolving towards risk-based models, and there is a need to help stakeholders and the public understand how these changes affect rural health care. Therefore, a major goal of this funding opportunity is to support the ability of rural providers to participate and succeed in current and emerging payment and delivery system models designed to provide value-based care. Value-based care is one of the four priorities of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is seeking applications proposing to (1) identify communities that are at a high risk of experiencing the adverse health effects of lead in drinking water; (2) identify opportunities to mitigate these risks; and (3) conduct educational and outreach efforts so that water system managers and the general public are aware of these risks and opportunities.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages applications from integrative teams and individual investigators for large-scale complex multi-disciplinary Functional Genomics Projects (FGPs) to determine the contributions and mechanisms underlying the contribution of risk-associated variants and their downstream effector transcripts for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The intent is to generate knowledge and tools to enable the identification of putative biomarkers and therapeutic targets by future efforts. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and other genomic studies of T2D and its complications have found many variants that are statistically associated with disease risk, disease protection, progression to complications, or other traits. However, such studies do not show which variants in genomic elements cause these effects or how they result in differences in function. Applications submitted to this RFA will systematically identify causal variants and effector transcripts associated with all known T2D risk variants, verify the role of downstream effector transcripts, build network models that explain their role(s) in T2D and its complications, and identify key readouts and modulation points in these networks. Data, tools, and reagents generated by these projects will be released rapidly to facilitate more in-depth study by the broad scientific community.

NIDA is interested in research that addresses research gaps related to the delivery of integrated treatment services for HIV and opioid use disorder (OUD) among the justice-involved population in the US, with a goal of improving treatment management and implementation. A quarter of people with HIV pass through the justice system each year, making it an important system for HIV prevention and treatment. Community re-entry from incarceration is a time of heightened risk for opioid relapse, mortality, HIV risk behaviors, and discontinuation of HIV treatment. Given these elevated levels of risk, justice-involved PWID should be prioritized for screening and linkage to the full continuum of HIV prevention and treatment services, including Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). There is a need to better understand the effectiveness of the clinical interventions as received in this population, as well as the methods by which those interventions are delivered (navigation/mobile services).

The purpose of this program is to (1) enhance services for all students at risk for suicide, depression, serious mental illness, and substance use disorders that can lead to school failure; (2) prevent mental and substance use disorders; (3) promote help-seeking behavior and reduce stigma; and (4) improve the identification and treatment of at-risk students so that students can successfully complete their studies. The goal is to assist campuses in developing a comprehensive, collaborative, and well-coordinated approach to support prevention efforts and early identification and intervention activities with students at risk for suicide, serious mental illness, and/or substance related overdose or injury.

This notice announces the opportunity to apply for funding under the National Genetics Education and Family Support Program (NGEFSP). The purpose of this program is to increase access to genetic services by promoting and strengthening engagement of individuals and families with, or at risk for, genetic conditions in the genetic health care delivery system.This will be accomplished by funding a program that will: * provide culturally- and linguistically-appropriate education and resources on genetics and genetic conditions to families; * provide support for individuals and families with, or at risk for, genetic conditions so that they can be equal partners in their health care; * train individuals and families with, or at risk for, genetic conditions to become family leaders within the genetic health care delivery system and the Regional Genetics Networks (RGNs); and * provide technical assistance to RGNs on how best to incorporate family leaders into their programs and reach underserved populations.1

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC) is soliciting investigator-initiated research that will help expand and advance our understanding about what works to prevent violence that impacts children and youth, collectively referred to as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), including child abuse and neglect, teen dating violence, sexual violence, youth violence, youth/parent suicidal behavior, and exposure to adult intimate partner violence. This initiative is intended to support the evaluation of primary prevention programs, practices or policies that target universal or selected high-risk populations (i.e., populations that have one or more risk factors that place them at heightened risk for violence). Funds are available to conduct such studies focused on preventing child abuse and neglect and at least one other form of violence affecting children and youth, including teen dating violence, sexual violence, youth violence, and exposure to adult intimate partner violence.

The goal of this FOA is to support basic and clinical research on the influence of alcohol on susceptibility and progression of Alzheimers disease and its related dementias. Recent longitudinal studies have provided strong evidence that alcohol use disorder is associated with the high risk of all types of dementias, and frequent heavy drinking increases risk of both Alzheimers disease and vascular dementia. Even moderate alcohol consumption may be a risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and cognitive decline. Although these studies link heavy and frequent alcohol drinking to dementias in aging populations, mechanisms contributing to this relationship are not well understood. With this FOA, we solicitate research projects that combine diverse expertise and use innovative approaches to investigate mechanisms by which alcohol affects brain aging processes to produce dementias and influences development of Alzheimers disease. This FOA strongly encourages collaborations between alcohol researchers and experts in Alzheimer's disease and its related dementia research.

The goal of this FOA is to support basic and clinical research on the influence of alcohol on susceptibility and progression of Alzheimer's disease and its related dementias. Recent longitudinal studies have provided strong evidence that alcohol use disorder is associated with the high risk of all types of dementias, and frequent heavy drinking increases risk of both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Even moderate alcohol consumption may be a risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and cognitive decline. Although these studies link heavy and frequent alcohol drinking to dementias in aging populations, mechanisms contributing to this relationship are not well understood. With this FOA, we solicit research projects that combine diverse expertise and use innovative approaches to investigate mechanisms by which alcohol affects brain aging processes to produce dementias and influences development of Alzheimer's disease. This FOA strongly encourages collaborations between alcohol researchers and experts in Alzheimer's disease and its related dementia research

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), encourages research projects focused on adducts to cellular macromolecules as indicators of exposures to cancer risk factors relevant to human populations. The priority is on projects that will focus on adductomic approaches, i.e., address some aspects of the totality of adducts. These projects should explore the basic aspects of adducts/adductomics that may have a potential utility in cancer detection, cancer prevention, and/or assessing cancer risks. The projects should be relevant to adducts in humans and human populations but may be conducted using various model systems (e.g., cultured cells, animals, etc.). The use of human biospecimens is encouraged and expected if appropriate but not required. In well-justified cases, innovative studies using the adductomic approaches in the context of cancer etiology and/or gene-environment interaction research may also be appropriate. r NIEHS may support projects with a focus on innovative technology and method development. Also listed under R01

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to promote epidemiologic research investigating novel and innovative hypotheses on emerging risk factors (biological, environmental, and social) and their interplay with established risk factors (e.g., viral hepatitis) associated with the development of liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma and other histological subtypes) in the United States.

The purpose of this concept initiative is to promote etiologic research investigating novel and innovative hypotheses on emerging risk factors (biological, environmental, and social) and their interplay with established risk factors (e.g., viral hepatitis) associated with the development of liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma and other histological subtypes) in the United States.

In line with the GoSA She Conquers strategy/campaign, Implementation of targeted combination prevention solutions and approaches for (AGYW, young Men and adult women) vulnerable high risk priority populations in workplace, schools and community. Provide evidence based interventions including demand creation for uptake of HTS, PrEP, VMMC, condom promotion and distribution, risk reduction, delaying sexual debut for (9-14 year old), family planning, STI, education and linkages to care and treatment. Behavioral interventions include school based (in &out of school), social mobilization and gender norms change and GBV prevention and parenting programs.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to stimulate research to understand the biological basis by which environmental exposures alter brain and behavioral functioning to increase risk for psychiatric disorders with onset in late-childhood, adolescence or early adulthood. A range of approaches are encouraged, from mechanistic experiments using whole organism models or in vitro and in vivo systems to human studies that add new data collection activities and/or make use of extant data or biospecimens. Investigations that further advance our understanding of the joint contribution of genes and environment in the risk for psychiatric disorders are welcomed. Applications should address either categorically defined psychiatric diagnoses and/or continuous traits expressed in the general population. Applicants are encouraged to propose studies that consider co-occurring psychiatric conditions and potential shared etiologies. It is anticipated that knowledge gained from the research supported by this FOA will inform the development of improved intervention, prevention and/or therapeutic strategies. This FOA will use the NIH Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism and runs in parallel with another FOA, PAR-20-NNN, which encourages applications under the R21 mechanism. Also listed under R21.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to stimulate research to understand the biological basis by which environmental exposures alter brain and behavioral functioning to increase risk for psychiatric disorders with onset in late-childhood, adolescence or early adulthood. A range of approaches are encouraged, from mechanistic experiments using whole organism models or in vitro and in vivo systems to human studies that add new data collection activities and/or make use of extant data or biospecimens. Investigations that further advance our understanding of the joint contribution of genes and environment in the risk for psychiatric disorders are welcomed. Applications should address either categorically defined psychiatric diagnoses and/or continuous traits expressed in the general population. Applicants are encouraged to propose studies that consider co-occurring psychiatric conditions and potential shared etiologies. It is anticipated that knowledge gained from the research supported by this FOA will inform the development of improved intervention, prevention and/or therapeutic strategies. Also listed under R21.