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This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) solicits research projects that seek to model the underlying mechanisms, processes, and trajectories of social relationships and how these factors affect outcomes in health, illness, recovery, and overall wellbeing. Both animal and human subjects research projects are welcome. Researchers proposing basic science experimental studies involving human participants should consider this FOAs companion for basic experimental studies with humans.

In November 2018, the Moore Foundation announced its Diagnostic Excellence Initiative, which aims to reduce harm from erroneous or delayed diagnoses, reduce costs and redundancy in the diagnostic process, improve health outcomes, and save lives. According to the foundation, twelve million Americans experience a diagnostic error each year, with diagnostic errors playing a role in an estimated 40,000 to 80,000 deaths annually in the U.S. In short, there is an urgent need to improve diagnosis; however, without an awareness of baseline performance and standards against which to compare performance, there is no way to measure improvement or to gauge the results of interventions. Despite a lengthy and growing list of clinical quality measures in health care, few existing measures address diagnostic performance specifically. The challenge of finding meaningful clinical measures for diagnosis reflects the complexity of the diagnostic process.

The NIH Research Project Grant supports a discrete, specified, circumscribed project in areas representing the specific interests and competencies of the investigator(s). The proposed project must be related to the programmatic interests of one or more of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) based on their scientific missions. This Funding Opportunity Announcement does not accept applications proposing clinical trial(s).

The NIH Exploratory/Developmental Grant supports exploratory and developmental research projects by providing support for the early and conceptual stages of these projects. These studies may involve considerable risk but may lead to a breakthrough in a particular area, or to the development of novel techniques, agents, methodologies, models, or applications that could have a major impact on a field of biomedical, behavioral, or clinical research.

The purpose of the NIH Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) is to provide support and protected time (three to five years) for an intensive, supervised career development experience in the biomedical, behavioral, or clinical sciences leading to research independence. Although all of the participating NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) use this support mechanism to support career development experiences that lead to research independence, some ICs use the K01 award for individuals who propose to train in a new field or for individuals who have had a hiatus in their research career because of illness or pressing family circumstances. Other ICs offer separate K01 FOAs intended to increase research workforce diversity.

The SBIR program, as established by law, is intended to meet the following goals: stimulate technological innovation in the private sector; strengthen the role of small business in meeting Federal research or research and development (R/R&D) needs; increase the commercial application of Federally-supported research results; foster and encourage participation by socially and economically disadvantaged small business concerns and women-owned business concerns in the SBIR program; and improve the return on investment from Federally-funded research for economic and social benefits to the Nation.

The purpose of this initiative is to encourage interdisciplinary research to decrease symptom burden and enhance health-related quality of life (HRQL) in persons with chronic illness through a) increasing knowledge of the biological mechanisms of symptoms and b) promoting innovative, cost-effective, targeted interventions to prevent, manage or ameliorate these symptoms.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages applications to study the ethical, legal and societal issues (ELSI) of human genome research in African populations. Of particular interest are projects that propose focused bioethical, legal, and social science analyses of new or emerging issues.

ENTELLIGENCE, in partnership with Actelion Pharmaceuticals US, supports basic science, translational, and clinical research in the field of cardiopulmonary medicine. The program provides opportunities for individual young investigators to promote quality medical care and enhance patients' lives by supporting research in pulmonary hypertension. To that end, ENTELLIGENCE is accepting applications for its thirteenth annual Young Investigator grant program. Established in 2005, the program provides opportunities for promising young investigators to promote quality medical care and enhance patients' lives by supporting research (basic science, clinical, or translational) in the area of pulmonary hypertension specifically related to expanding knowledge of pulmonary vascular pathobiology pathways. In 2018, the program will award a one-year grant of up to $100,000 to fund a mentored project.

The purpose of the funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to encourage research on the etiology of depressive symptoms that occur in the context of a sudden onset acute illness. Although it is known that depressive symptoms may linger and affect functional recovery long after physical recovery from an acute insult, there is a gap in knowledge about the pathobiology that may underlie these incident depressive symptoms. A greater understanding of the etiological factors that contribute to and/or mitigate a trajectory of depressive symptoms may inform a personalized, holistic approach to managing recovery from acute illness.

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) plans to provide up to $40 million in total USAID funding over a period of five-years. The purpose of the activity is to increase utilization of FP services through universal health coverage. It will be accomplished through: 1) strengthening capacity to more effectively train medical providers and community health workers in FP in both the public and private sectors; and, 2) focusing and expanding public sector FP information and services to high need groups such as adolescents, youth, newlyweds, and postpartum girls and women. The results this activity will achieve include: 1. Increased qualified FP workforce in public and private sectors, and 2. Increased availability of public sector FP outreach contacts and services, particularly for adolescents and youth.

To improve health and reduce the burden of disease, scientific research needs to be implemented at the population level in addition to the biological and clinical levels. The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to support multilevel, transdisciplinary population health interventions that target underlying social, economic, and environmental conditions in an effort to improve health outcomes

The purpose of the NLA Junior Faculty Research is to encourage scholarly advancement of Junior Faculty in the pursuit of a career related to hyperlipidemia and other lipid disorders in humans. The NLA will fund eligible institutions to provide $70,000 per year in salary support for those actively involved in clinical and/or basic science that provides promise of developing new information in fields of study that could advance the diagnosis and management of lipid disorders such as biochemistry, physiology, or genetics as well as interventions that improve therapy. The institutions eligible shall be nonprofit and offer an environment that would logically support a young faculty member with appropriate equipment, space and experienced faculty for proposed studies. The proposal will identify a specific candidate with training and strong signs of early success in an appropriate area of research and with a plan for developing appropriate experiments or clinical studies. To be eligible, an applicant is expected to hold or be eligible for a doctoral level degree (PhD, PharmD or MD) prior to the date of the scheduled award. There must be a record of accomplishment in a relevant research area as manifest by publications or a PhD thesis of high quality. The application for the Basic Science Award may focus on any aspect of lipid metabolism that has relevance to human disease. This may include experiments at the laboratory bench involving structural chemistry, biochemistry, physiology or genetics.

The purpose of the Academic Research Enhancement Award (AREA) program is to stimulate research in educational institutions that provide baccalaureate or advanced degrees for a significant number of the Nation's research scientists, but that have not been major recipients of NIH support. AREA grants create opportunities for scientists and institutions otherwise unlikely to participate extensively in NIH research programs to contribute to the Nation's biomedical and behavioral research effort. AREA grants are intended to support small-scale research projects proposed by faculty members of eligible, domestic institutions, to expose undergraduate and/or graduate students to meritorious research projects, and to strengthen the research environment of the applicant institution.   

The LRP Impact Award mechanism is being offered for the first time in FY17. The LRP Impact Award encourages applications that support the full spectrum of research projects or ideas that specifically focus on scientific and clinical lupus issues, which, if successfully addressed, have the potential to make a major impact in lupus research. Applications should include a well-formulated, testable hypothesis based on strong scientific rationale that is established through inferential reasoning and/or critical review and analysis of the literature. Inclusion of preliminary data is encouraged. The following are important aspects of the Impact Award: * Impact: The proposed research should impact an area of paramount importance in lupus disease. It is the responsibility of the Principal Investigator (PI) to clearly and explicitly describe the potential impacts of the proposed study on lupus and to convey its level of significance. * Research Strategy: The scientific rationale and experimental methodology should demonstrate critical understanding and in-depth analysis of lupus. Experimental strategies may be novel or may be based on strong rationale derived from a literature review. * Preliminary Data: Inclusion of preliminary data, such as unpublished data from the laboratory of the PI and/or data from published literature that are relevant to lupus and support the proposed research project, is encouraged, but not required. * Focus Areas: The proposed research must address at least one of the FY17 LRP Focus Areas. Clinical trials are not allowed under this Program Announcement.

The goal of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to improve understanding of how durable protective immunity is achieved by supporting studies that define components and mechanisms of the immune system. Applications proposing human cells/tissue response studies will help determine the human responses elicited by immunization, however, animal studies may also be used to extend the findings from human tissues to more mechanistic studies not easily accomplished in humans.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support innovative approaches to identifying, understanding, and developing strategies for overcoming barriers to the adoption, adaptation, integration, scale-up and sustainability of evidence-based interventions, tools, policies, and guidelines. Conversely, there is a benefit in understanding circumstances that create a need to stop or reduce ("de-implement") the use of interventions that are ineffective, unproven, low-value, or harmful. In addition, studies to advance dissemination and implementation research methods and measures are encouraged. Also listed under R21

The primary purpose of the NIH Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Career Development Awards (K08) program is to prepare qualified individuals for careers that have a significant impact on the health-related research needs of the Nation. This program represents the continuation of a long-standing NIH program that provides support and "protected time" to individuals with a clinical doctoral degree for an intensive, supervised research career development experience in the fields of biomedical and behavioral research, including translational research.