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The purpose of the Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to promote the assessment and further development of simulation technologies intended to improve patient safety and healthcare outcomes provided by practicing patient care providers and experienced (not trainee) physicians. The FOA seeks applications directed toward three areas of research: 1) Skill Acquisition: to evaluate strategies and protocols for simulation-based methods for skill acquisition and maintenance by experienced clinicians; 2) Outcomes Assessment: to assess the relationship of simulation-based assessments of skills demonstrated by experienced clinicians with the quality of clinical care delivered by those clinicians, and to identify strategies to increase the quality of simulation-based assessments of skills; and 3) Technology Development: to develop virtual coaches by incorporating intelligent technologies into existing simulators to provide adaptive, cognitive assistance to coach experienced practitioners in retaining, retraining and improving performance levels in the context of the user environment (and physiological system as appropriate).

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) seeks to accelerate the pace and expand the breadth of scientific research on the clinical course, prevention and treatment of diseases within NHLBI's mission by leveraging ongoing clinical research studies through ancillary studies. This FOA invites research project applications to conduct ancillary studies to clinical research studies, including clinical trials, prospective observational studies, and/or registries. Applications submitted to this FOA should propose to collect new information and/or biological samples from participants of the ongoing parent study, and should address new research questions that are beyond those specified in the approved protocol of the parent study and are within the scientific mission of the NHLBI. Applications submitted to this FOA should not be used to extend the duration of the parent study or to provide funds solely for parent study enrollment, capitation, or study performance.

We envision that studies funded by this Research RFP will fall into one the following key areas: · Studies focused on the molecular and biochemical mechanisms regulating SMN expression or mediating SMN function. Results should lead to a better understanding of the requirements for SMN protein biologically. There is a particular interest in identifying genetic modifiers, upstream regulators of SMN expression / splicing / function, and downstream effectors of SMN functional activity, resulting in new drug targets for SMA. · Studies resulting in greater understanding of the pathophysiology of SMA, using well-validated animal or cellular models of the SMA. This includes focus on the tissue or timing requirements for SMN protein, the cellular autonomy of the disease in motor neurons and other cells, peripheral versus central manifestations of SMA, and others. · Studies focused on early proof-of concept assessment of novel therapeutic approaches for SMA in well-validated animal or cellular models of the disease or on progressing aspects of ongoing preclinical drug programs for SMA towards IND. Proposed SMN enhancing approaches should have advantage over current candidates or have the ability to be used in combination. Particular interest exists in non-SMN based approaches with the potential for combination use with SMN up-regulation strategies. · Work focused on generating research or clinical trial tools for SMA, such as new animal models, phenotypic cellular assays, activity assays for SMN function, biomarkers or outcome measures for clinical trials, and newborn screening protocols / technologies.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support large animal Testing Centers to evaluate in vivo genome editing technologies developed by other investigators in the Somatic Cell Genome Editing Program (SCGE). Testing Centers will use either pigs or non-human primates, including wild-type animals, as well as reporter animals developed by RFA-RM-18-013. The Testing Centers will work collaboratively with investigators funded under RM-18-016 and RFA-RM-18-017 to assess efficacy and safety of in vivo genome editing and delivery technologies. Centers will breed, archive and maintain cohorts of well characterized and genotyped large animals, establish methods and protocols for the evaluation of the delivery systems and editing tools, conduct testing and provide results to the Dissemination and Coordination Center of the SCGE. Such activities will accelerate the translation of genome editing technologies into treatments for human diseases.

With this solicitation, NIJ seeks proposals for research and evaluation projects that will: 1. Identify and inform the forensic community of best practices through the evaluation of existing laboratory protocols; and 2. Have a direct and immediate impact on laboratory efficiency and assist in making laboratory policy decisions.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support an ancillary study grant application(s) to add psychological, behavioral, and/or neurocognitive assessments to the data collection in adults (> 18 years of age) enrolled at the clinical sites in the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity in Humans Consortium (MoTrPAC) supported by the NIH Common Fund. This ancillary study FOA complements the parent MoTrPAC study by supporting research to elucidate the individual level psychological, behavioral, and neurocognitive characteristics that explain variation in individual response and adherence to a program of physical activity. The ultimate goal of the research supported by this FOA is to characterize individual differences in response to exercise over the course of the MoTrPAC protocol in order to identify novel treatment targets and inform personalized physical activity intervention approaches in the future.

The PCC has supported world-class research since 2008, spending more than $18.0 M to support novel science around the world. Research and grant-making are the foundation of the PCC and are the focus of everyday business activity. PCC-supported research contributes to a movement in addressing doping's root causes and ultimately decreasing the use of performance-enhancing drugs by all participants in all sports at all levels of play. Grant Cycle Deadlines: Pre-Applications are due March 1st, July 1st, and November 1st of each year. Applicants invited to submit full applications must do so by April 1st, August 1st, or December 1st, depending on the cycle (30 days after the pre-application due date). With an emphasis on original work that focuses on improving existing analytical methods for detecting particular drugs, developing new analytical methods to test for substances not currently detectable, and discovering cost-effective approaches for testing widely abused substances across all levels of sport, the following areas of investigation reflect the PCC's current research priorities: Developing methods of cost-effective testing to detect and deter the use of banned and illegal substances. Developing testing protocols to detect designer substances used for doping purposes. Improving existing analytical methods to detect particular drugs, ex. GH, IGF-1, EPO, hCG. Developing analytical methods to detect performance enhancing drugs not currently detectable. Longitudinal urinary excretion patterns, metabolism and dose-concentration. Critical reviews to support interpretation of laboratory data. Alternative specimens, (ex. oral fluid, dried blood/plasma spots) for testing. There is no maximum amount for PCC funding, though the average funding amount is $225,000. To date, over 80 projects have been funded in over 14 countries world-wide. Approximately 33% of applicants are awarded PCC funding.

The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), Executive Office of the President, is seeking applications from public nonprofit institutions/organizations (includes institutions of higher education and hospitals) to perform research and analysis of data to inform drug policy. This project seeks to further refine a methodology for obtaining drug early warning indicators from expanded testing of urine samples that were previously collected and tested as part of an existing drug test protocol. This method was initially developed using local criminal justice populations - including persons in pre-trial or lock-up, parolees or probationers, and drug court participants. In addition, this method was also tested in two trauma units, with promising results. This project will use similar methodology in criminal justice, health care, and other venues, to include opioid treatment admissions, trauma units or emergency departments, and criminal justice programs such as parole or probation, where biological samples are often collected from clients.

This NOFO will support achievement of national targets for 2018 antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up towards the UNAIDS Fast Track Targets in Ukraine. The recipient will implement innovative and effective recruitment and case management models for persons who inject drugs (PWID) and men who have sex with men (MSM) at the community level. These innovative changes will increase uptake of HIV community based testing and increase ART initiation for these populations. The recipient will pilot risk network-based testing using point-of-care recency assays to link recently infected PWID to care. The project will focus on the six regions with the highest HIV burden (Dnipropetrovsk, Mykolayiv, Odesa, government controlled areas (GCA) of Donetsk, Kyiv City, and Kherson) and continue to work in six additional medium burden oblasts (Cherkasy, Poltava, Chernihiv, Zaporizhzhya, Kirovohrad, and Kyiv). The recipient will also increase the capacity of the Government of Ukraine’s Center for Public Health (CPH) and regional monitoring and evaluation (M&E) centers specialists to conduct data analysis using statistical software and build institutional capacity to conduct economic evaluations of HIV interventions. Illustrative strategic information (SI) activities include development of trainings to support the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the newly established CPH in using statistical software, routine analysis of surveillance data, study design, and research protocol development.

This NOFO will support achievement of national targets for 2018 antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up towards the UNAIDS Fast Track Targets in Ukraine. The recipient will implement innovative and effective recruitment and case management models for persons who inject drugs (PWID) and men who have sex with men (MSM) at the community level. These innovative changes will increase uptake of HIV community based testing and increase ART initiation for these populations. The recipient will pilot risk network-based testing using point-of-care recency assays to link recently infected PWID to care. The project will focus on the six regions with the highest HIV burden (Dnipropetrovsk, Mykolayiv, Odesa, government controlled areas (GCA) of Donetsk, Kyiv City, and Kherson) and continue to work in six additional medium burden oblasts (Cherkasy, Poltava, Chernihiv, Zaporizhzhya, Kirovohrad, and Kyiv). The recipient will also increase the capacity of the Government of Ukraine’s Center for Public Health (CPH) and regional monitoring and evaluation (M&E) centers specialists to conduct data analysis using statistical software and build institutional capacity to conduct economic evaluations of HIV interventions. Illustrative strategic information (SI) activities include development of trainings to support the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the newly established CPH in using statistical software, routine analysis of surveillance data, study design, and research protocol development.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support studies that are essential, yet also sufficient, for investigators to make definitive decisions about the designs of important clinical trials within NHLBI's mission, the prevention and treatment of heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders. This mechanism may be used to test the feasibility of novel and efficient (pragmatic) trial designs, as well as determine the feasibility of an intervention, intervention parameters, subject availability, or other information essential to complete the design of a trial. Applications should demonstrate that the proposed pilot studies are both necessary and sufficient to permit definitive decisions about the design of the subsequent clinical trial. Applicants who propose solely to write a protocol or manual of operations or to develop infrastructure for a clinical trial will not be considered appropriate for this announcement. The NHLBI anticipates that the R34 award period will yield robust investigator-initiated clinical trial grant applications for the evaluation of interventions for the treatment or prevention of heart, lung, blood, or sleep disorders.

This FOA encourages applications for exploratory clinical trials of investigational agents (drugs, biologics, surgical therapies or devices) that may contribute to the justification for and provide the data required for designing a future trial, for biomarker validation studies, or for proof of mechanism clinical studies. Diseases chosen for study should be based on the NINDS' strategic plan and clinical research interests (www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/areas/index.htm). Successful applicants will be given access to the NeuroNEXT infrastructure. Following peer review, NINDS will prioritize and order trials that are given access to the NeuroNEXT infrastructure. The NeuroNEXT Clinical Coordinating Center (CCC) will work with the successful applicant to efficiently implement the proposed study. The NeuroNEXT Data Coordinating Center (DCC) will provide statistical and data management support. The NeuroNEXT clinical sites will provide recruitment/retention support as well as on-site implementation of the clinical protocol.