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The HFSP supports novel, innovative and interdisciplinary basic research focused on the complex mechanisms of living organisms; topics range from molecular and cellular approaches to systems and cognitive neuroscience and the interactions between organisms. A clear emphasis is placed on novel collaborations that bring biologists together with scientists from fields such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, computer science and engineering to focus on problems at the frontier of the life sciences.

There is a global trend in the rise of HIV among older adults. In 2013, an estimated 42% of Americans living with HIV were at least 50 years old, 25% were at least 55 years old, and 6% were at least 65 years old. Since the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy to treat HIV, people infected with the virus have been living longer and experiencing fewer of the medical conditions directly attributable to HIV infection and AIDS. However, with longer life expectancy, individuals living with long-term HIV infection exhibit many clinical characteristics commonly observed in aging: multiple chronic diseases or conditions, the use of multiple medications, and changes in physical and cognitive abilities.