Group items tagged

The purpose of this FOA is to support investigator-initiated R21 applications that will inform our understanding of the typical and atypical patterns of language and literacy development of dual language learners (DLLs) in the United States. Applicants are encouraged to take advantage of advances in the language sciences and related fields to identify and clarify specific cognitive, linguistic, neurobiological, and sociocultural factors associated with normal and impaired language and literacy acquisition in young DLL populations.

A rich body of evidence suggests that optimal cognitive, affective, and social processes are associated with highly coordinated neural activity.  These findings suggest that oscillatory rhythms, their co-modulation across frequency bands, spike-phase correlations, spike population dynamics, and other patterns might be useful drivers of therapeutic development for treatment of cognitive, social, or affective symptoms in neuropsychiatric disorders. This funding opportunity supports projects that test whether modifying electrophysiological patterns during behavior can improve cognitive, affective, or social processing.

Epidemiological studies have shown that psychiatric disorders, constitute a significant public health burden across diverse populations worldwide. These mental disorders are characterized by marked genetic heterogeneity, with both common and rare variation contributing to the complex phenotypic outcomes. For reasons such as population homogeneity and ease of ascertainment, most genome-wide genetic studies to date have mainly focused on cohorts of European-ancestry, however, no single population is sufficient to fully uncover the variants underlying neuropsychiatric diseases in all populations. The absence of diverse ancestries in genome-wide association studies has therefore negatively impacted their ability to illuminate the full genetic architecture of complex neuropsychiatric traits. Populations with different ancestral origins vary in terms of allele frequencies, biological adaptations, and other properties that affect the detectability and importance of risk variants. Lack of ancestrally diverse genome-wide data can lead to the misidentification of causal variants due to cryptic population stratification or simply overlooking a causal variant altogether, since rare variants are likely to be more recent in origin and more geographically localized.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to stimulate research to understand the biological basis by which environmental exposures alter brain and behavioral functioning to increase risk for psychiatric disorders with onset in late-childhood, adolescence or early adulthood. A range of approaches are encouraged, from mechanistic experiments using whole organism models or in vitro and in vivo systems to human studies that add new data collection activities and/or make use of extant data or biospecimens. Investigations that further advance our understanding of the joint contribution of genes and environment in the risk for psychiatric disorders are welcomed. Applications should address either categorically defined psychiatric diagnoses and/or continuous traits expressed in the general population. Applicants are encouraged to propose studies that consider co-occurring psychiatric conditions and potential shared etiologies. It is anticipated that knowledge gained from the research supported by this FOA will inform the development of improved intervention, prevention and/or therapeutic strategies. Also listed under R21.

The goal of this initiative is to support the identification, validation and manipulation of neural circuits that underlie cognitive, emotional, and social processes impacted in mental illnesses including alcohol use disorder and other substance abuse. The initiative is focused on probing circuit mechanisms underlying neuro-psychiatrically relevant behavior through studies in non-human primates. This initiative is intended to complement existing institute-funded preclinical investigation of circuits which have often focused on smaller brains.

This FOA invites applications from multidisciplinary teams to perform secondary data analysis, using existing datasets from two or more multi-site clinical research projects, to address scientific and clinical hypotheses relevant to neurological disorders and conditions within the NINDS mission. In this phased funding mechanism, applications are required to systematically and comprehensively perform cross-project data harmonization and curation, assessed using Go/No-go data-quality metrics, prior to funding of the second phase of data analyses. Consistent with the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) data principles, this funding opportunity expects open-source cataloging of the processes and tools used for harmonization, curation, and analysis, as well as controlled access to the curated datasets.

This funding opportunity aims to stimulate multi-disciplinary collaboration and secondary analyses of existing clinical research datasets, from two or more multi-site clinical research studies, for addressing scientific and / or clinically relevant hypotheses that have the potential to address knowledge gaps to inform future clinical trials and/or improve clinical care in research areas within the NINDS mission. For purposes of this RFA, "existing clinical research datasets" refers to datasets from clinical trials, natural history studies, and / or comparative effectiveness research studies but excludes "mechanistic clinical studies" and "basic experimental studies of humans" (for definitions see https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-NS-18-011.html and https://grants.nih.gov/grants/glossary.htm#BasicExperimentalStudieswithHumans, respectively). This RFA will support the curation and analyses of datasets from two or more multi-site clinical research studies to conduct additional secondary analyses; it will not support the collection of new data.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement [FOA] is to encourage basic science and preclinical research to determine the biological mechanisms underlying the effects of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system on HIV-associated persistent inflammation and its consequent effects on nervous system function. Projects submitted in response to this FOA must include expertise and resources in both areas of HIV/AIDS and addiction science.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage applications to pursue invasive neural recording studies focused on mental health-relevant questions. Invasive neural recordings provide an unparalleled window into the human brain to explore the neural circuitry and neural dynamics underlying complex moods, emotions, cognitive functions, and behaviors with high spatial and temporal resolution. Additionally, the ability to stimulate, via the same electrodes, allows for direct causal tests by modulating network dynamics. This funding opportunity aims to target a gap in the scientific knowledge of neural circuit function related to mental health disorders. Researchers should target specific questions suited to invasive recording modalities that have high translational potential. Development of new technologies and therapies are outside the scope of this FOA.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage applications to pursue invasive neural recording studies focused on mental health-relevant questions. Invasive neural recordings provide an unparalleled window into the human brain to explore the neural circuitry and neural dynamics underlying complex moods, emotions, cognitive functions, and behaviors with high spatial and temporal resolution. Additionally, the ability to stimulate, via the same electrodes, allows for direct causal tests by modulating network dynamics. This funding opportunity aims to target a gap in the scientific knowledge of neural circuit function related to mental health disorders. Researchers should target specific questions suited to invasive recording modalities that have high translational potential. Development of new technologies and therapies are outside the scope of this FOA.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage applications to pursue invasive neural recording studies focused on mental health-relevant questions. Invasive neural recordings provide an unparalleled window into the human brain to explore the neural circuitry and neural dynamics underlying complex moods, emotions, cognitive functions, and behaviors with high spatial and temporal resolution. Additionally, the ability to stimulate, via the same electrodes, allows for direct causal tests by modulating network dynamics. This funding opportunity aims to target a gap in the scientific knowledge of neural circuit function related to mental health disorders. Researchers should target specific questions suited to invasive recording modalities that have high translational potential. Development of new technologies and therapies is outside the scope of this FOA.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified statistical relationships between tens of thousands of common single nucleotide variants and over a thousand traits. Due to the correlated nature of nearby genetic variants, GWAS implicate regions of the genome and do not necessarily pinpoint the causal variant(s), gene(s) or mechanism(s) underlying the trait association. The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement is to support systematic fine-mapping of genome-wide significant risk loci associated with serious mental illnesses through robust statistical genetic and functional genomic approaches.

Once established, type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires daily insulin administration and episodes of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are common. As a result, patients with T1D without adequate control may suffer devastating acute complications such as life-threatening hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis and long term complications including accelerated cardiac and peripheral vascular diseases, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, amputation and premature death. Studies such as the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) have shown that long term microvascular and macrovascular complications can be reduced through tight blood glucose control. However, the increased risk of hypoglycemia that is associated with tight control and the limitations of current glucose control technologies make tight control difficult to achieve. Thus, there is a need for tools to help more people with T1D to safely achieve and sustain tight blood glucose control and reduce burden of care.

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is soliciting investigator initiated research that will further the understanding of potential risk factors for ALS, while supporting the ATSDR National ALS Registry's mission. The National ALS Registry's goals are to estimate the number of new ALS cases each year, estimate the number of people who have ALS at a specific point in time, better understand who gets ALS, and identify what contributing factors, including environmental, may affect ALS. ATSDR is seeking investigator-initiated research that will identify and evaluate risk factors contributing to ALS, with preferred focus in this Notice of Funding Opportunity on factors related to military service, contact sports, traumatic brain injury, neuroinflammation and infectious agents.

Aimed at advancing cutting-edge investigations, the awards are presented to highly promising, early career scientists. At this critical juncture in young investigators' careers, when funding can be a challenge, the fellowship awards promote higher-risk, and potentially higher-reward, projects.

Despite established associations between white matter lesions and cognitive impairment including dementia, little prospective information is available to define the characteristics of white matter lesions and associated comorbid clinical factors that cause further cognitive impairment, ultimately resulting in dementia. This initiative will support one large prospective clinical research study in the U.S. of patients engaged with the health care system because of incidental white matter lesions found on neuroimaging, who present with cognitive complaints, and who thus are at risk for cognitive decline. The goal will be to determine the volume and anatomical features that are both necessary and sufficient to cause cognitive impairment or dementia.

Recent reports highlight the enormous spatial and temporal diversity of glia, even within the same glial cell type. This within-glial-cell-type heterogeneity evolves during aging, suggesting that subtypes of glia with distinct physiological roles could emerge to influence brain aging processes. The goal of this Funding Opportunity Announcement is to support research addressing critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of how these glial subpopulations could contribute to vulnerability and resilience to brain aging.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) uses a R61/R33 Phased Innovation Award mechanism to support clinical research applications that are exploratory and developmental in nature and focus on understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying Substance Use Disorders (SUD), including fundamental brain function relevant to substance use.

This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) invites research to develop, characterize, and validate new, unconventional, or innovative non-rodent mammalian models of late-onset (sporadic) Alzheimer's Disease (AD). These new models are expected torecapitulate molecular, cellular, neuropathological, behavioral, and/or cognitive hallmarks and aspects of late-onset AD.Research supported under this FOA is expected to provide new investigativetools to identify the gaps in current knowledge related to molecular mechanisms of late-onset AD and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Through the program, grants of between $50,000 and $150,000 will be awarded to early-career investigators in support of novel research proposals that seek to advance the medical knowledge of migraine. Eligible research includes non-interventional clinical research, with a focus on early diagnosis and treatment, epidemiology, and Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO)/Quality of Life (QoL) measures; biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis; and preclinical research focused on mechanism of disease (non-calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP]- and non-pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide [PACAP]-related).