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Rudy Garns

Evidence Points To Conscious 'Metacognition' In Some Nonhuman Animals - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...090914172644.htm

metacognition animals cognition psychology cogsci

shared by Rudy Garns on 15 Sep 09 - Cached
  • Rudy Garns on 15 Sep 09
     
    there is growing evidence that animals share functional parallels with human conscious metacognition -- that is, they may share humans' ability to reflect upon, monitor or regulate their states of mind.
Rudy Garns

Neuroscience: Small, furry … and smart - 0 views

www.nature.com/...461862a.html

neuroscience intelligence memory CDC evolution

shared by Rudy Garns on 14 Oct 09 - No Cached
  • Much of the work involves making an adult brain behave more like a younger, more flexible version of itself by increasing the organ's plasticity.
  • neuroscientists using genetic engineering to generate cognitively enhanced animals in a bid to understand memory and learning.
  • Tsien created Doogie by overexpressing a subunit of the NMDA receptor called NR2B. This kept the receptors open for longer, strengthening the synaptic link and making it easier for disparate events to be linked together.
  • Rudy Garns on 14 Oct 09
     
    Tsien, based at Princeton University in New Jersey at the time, named his creation Doogie after the teenage genius in the television programme Doogie Howser, MD. The work was one of the earliest examples of neuroscientists using genetic engineering to generate cognitively enhanced animals in a bid to understand memory and learning.
Rudy Garns

What Makes the Human Mind? - 0 views

harvardmagazine.com/...what-makes-the-human-min.html

human science hauser

shared by Rudy Garns on 08 Nov 08 - Cached
  • Rudy Garns on 08 Nov 08
     
    Across the board, Hauser says, there are signs that animal evolution passed along some capabilities "and then something dramatic happened, a huge leap that enabled humans to break away. Once symbolic representation happened, if the combinatorial capacity was there, things just took off. Precisely how and when this happened, we may never know." (November-December 2008)
Rudy Garns

Scientist Finds the Beginnings of Morality in Primate Behavior - New York Times - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...20moral.html

ethics evolution morality primates

shared by Rudy Garns on 22 Mar 07 - Cached
  • Marc Hauser, an evolutionary biologist at Harvard, proposed in his book “Moral Minds” that the brain has a genetically shaped mechanism for acquiring moral rules, a universal moral grammar similar to the neural machinery for learning language.
  • Frans de Waal defends against philosopher critics his view that the roots of morality can be seen in the social behavior of monkeys and apes.
  • human morality would be impossible without certain emotional building blocks that are clearly at work in chimp and monkey societies
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • other chimpanzees would console the loser.
  • Social living requires empathy
  • reconciliation
  • human morality may be severely limited by having evolved as a way of banding together against adversaries, with moral restraints being observed only toward the in group, not toward outsiders.
  • eciprocity and fairness
  • Chimps are more likely to share food with those who have groomed them.
  • These four kinds of behavior — empathy, the ability to learn and follow social rules, reciprocity and peacemaking — are the basis of sociality.
  • People enforce their society’s moral codes much more rigorously with rewards, punishments and reputation building. They also apply a degree of judgment and reason, for which there are no parallels in animals.
  • Capuchin monkeys show their displeasure if given a smaller reward than a partner receives for performing the same task
  • reason is generally brought to bear only after a moral decision has been reached
  • Morality, he writes, is “a sense of right and wrong that is born out of groupwide systems of conflict management based on shared values.” The building blocks of morality are not nice or good behaviors but rather mental and social capacities for constructing societies “in which shared values constrain individual behavior through a system of approval and disapproval.”
  • Some animals are surprisingly sensitive to the plight of others.
Rudy Garns

Human facial expressions aren't universal - 0 views

www.newscientist.com/...pressions-arent-universal.html

facial-expressions universal innate emotion cogsci

shared by Rudy Garns on 18 Aug 09 - Cached
  • Rudy Garns on 18 Aug 09
     
    Facial expressions, Charles Darwin argued in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, are a universal window into emotion. But new research challenges that notion, showing that east Asian people struggle to recognise facial expressions that western Caucasians attribute to fear and disgust. By focusing on eyes and brows, Asians miss subtle cues conveyed via the mouth. (13 August 2009 - New Scientist)
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