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yongernn teo

Ethics and Values Case Study- Mercy Killing, Euthanasia - 8 views

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    THE ETHICAL PROBLEM: Allowing someone to die, mercy death, and mercy killing, Euthanasia: A 24-year-old man named Robert who has a wife and child is paralyzed from the neck down in a motorcycle accident. He has always been very active and hates the idea of being paralyzed. He also is in a great deal of pain, an he has asked his doctors and other members of his family to "put him out of his misery." After several days of such pleading, his brother comes into Robert's hospital ward and asks him if he is sure he still wants to be put out of his misery. Robert says yes and pleads with his brother to kill him. The brother kisses and blesses Robert, then takes out a gun and shoots him, killing him instantly. The brother later is tried for murder and acquitted by reason of temporary insanity. Was what Robert's brother did moral? Do you think he should have been brought to trial at all? Do you think he should have been acquitted? Would you do the same for a loved one if you were asked? THE DISCUSSION: In my opinion, the most dubious part about the case would be the part on Robert pleading with his brother, asking his brother to kill him. This could be his brother's own account of the incident and could/could not have been a plea by Robert. 1) With assumption that Robert indeed pleaded with his brother to kill him, an ethical analysis as such could be derived: That Robert's brother was only respecting Robert's choice and killed him because he wanted to relieve him from his misery. This could be argued to be ethical using a teleoloigical framework where the focus is on the end-result and the consequences that entails the action. Here, although the act of killing per se may be wrong and illegal, Robert was able to relieved of his pain and suffering. 2) With an assumption that Robert did not plea with his brother to kill him and that it was his brother's own decision to relieve Robert of all-suffering: In this case, the b
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    I find euthanasia to be a very interesting ethical dilemma. Even I myself am caught in the middle. Euthanasia has been termed as 'mercy killing' and even 'happy death'. Others may simply just term it as being 'evil'. Is it right to end someone's life even when he or she pleads you to do so? In the first place, is it even right to commit suicide? Once someone pulls off the main support that's keeping the person alive, such as the feeding tube, there is no turning back. Hmm..Come to think of it, technology is kind of unethical by being made available, for in the past, when someone is dying, they had the right to die naturally. Now, scientific technology is 'forcing' us to stay alive and cling on to a life that may be deemed being worthless if we were standing outside our bodies looking at our comatose selves. Then again, this may just be MY personal standpoint. But I have to argue, who gave technology the right to make me a worthless vegetable!(and here I am, attaching a value/judgement onto an immobile human being..) Hence, being incompetent in making decisions for my unconscious self (or perhaps even brain dead), who should take responsibility for my life, for my existence? And on what basis are they allowed to help me out? Taking the other side of the argument, against euthanasia, we can say that the act of ending someone else's life is the act of destroying societal respect for life. Based on the utilitarian perspective, we are not thinking of the overall beneficence for society and disregarding the moral considerations encompassed within the state's interest to preserve the sanctity of all life. It has been said that life in itself takes priority over all other values. We should let the person live so as to give him/her a chance to wake up or hope for recovery (think comatose patients). But then again we can also argue that life is not the top of the hierarchy! A life without rights is as if not living a life at all? By removing the patient
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    as a human being, you supposedly have a right to live, whether you are mobile or immobile. however, i think that, in the case of euthanasia, you 'give up' your rights when you "show" that you are no longer able to serve the pre-requisites of having the right. for example, if "living" rights are equate to you being able to talk, walk, etc etc, then, obviously the opposite means you no longer are able to perform up to the expectations of that right. then again, it is very subjective as to who gets to make that criteria!
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    hmm interesting.. however, a question i have is who and when can this "right" be "given up"? when i am a victim in a car accident, and i lost the ability to breathe, walk and may need months to recover. i am unconscious and the doctor is unable to determine when am i gonna regain consciousness. when should my parents decide i can no longer be able to have any living rights? and taking elaine's point into consideration, is committing suicide even 'right'? if it is legally not right, when i ask someone to take my life and wrote a letter that it was cus i wanted to die, does that make it committing suicide only in the hands of others?
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    Similarly, I question the 'rights' that you have to 'give up' when you no longer 'serve the pre-requisites of having the right'. If the living rights means being able to talk and walk, then where does it leave infants? Where does it leave people who may be handicapped? Have their lost their rights to living?
Weiye Loh

Pipl - People Search - 4 views

shared by Weiye Loh on 12 Oct 09 - Cached
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    "The most comprehensive people search on the web" Just enter the name, country etc, to find the person. I must say it's quite interesting and scary at the same time.
Weiye Loh

Welcome to the Deep Web - Pipl - People Search - 4 views

shared by Weiye Loh on 12 Oct 09 - Cached
  • There are various reasons why you might need to search for people, you may need to find a lost relative, an old flame, a classmate or a business contact - but if you are using a search engine such as Google or Yahoo to search for people, you have probably realized by now that it might work in some cases but in most cases it won't. How come the best search engines fail so miserably when it comes to people search? The answer lies in a little known but very important part of the web called "the deep web". Also known as "invisible web", the term "deep web" refers to a vast repository of underlying content, such as documents in online databases that general-purpose web crawlers cannot reach. The deep web content is estimated at 500 times that of the surface web, yet has remained mostly untapped due to the limitations of traditional search engines. Since most personal profiles, public records and other people-related documents are stored in databases and not on static web pages, most of the higher-quality information about people is simply "invisible" to a regular search engine.
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    I tried this out - it's extremely accurate and scary!
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    yeah Juliet. I found information abt myself that I don't even know existed. hahahah. Or I probably knew in the past but have forgotten about them. Digital traces of my history....
Weiye Loh

Complicit subversions: Cultural new media activism and 'high' theory. - 2 views

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    Written by Dr Ingrid. The article discusses how new media activism increasingly disenfranchises the (s)lower class. =)
lo sokwan

Designer babies - 2 views

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    This website includes a video of an interview with a practical ethicist and Professor from Oxford University. I think his pro-designer babies view is relevant to what we discussed in class today. I feel strongly about giving the best possible things to my future child. As according to Professor Savulescu, if "Using IVF would give children the greatest choices and opportunities in life," would it be ethical to proceed with such technologies.. No?
Paul Melissa

Designer Babies? - 2 views

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    On the Early Show, viewers were asked if designer babies were ethical. Medical specialists have predicted that in 10-20 years time, designer babies will be more wide-spread. On one hand, this is a private domestic choice of individuals and parents. However, is it not performing plastic surgery on a child disregarding her/his choice and opinion even before they are born?
Weiye Loh

Google Chrome OS: Ditch Your Hard Drives, the Future Is the Web | Gadget Lab | Wired.com - 2 views

  • With a strong focus on speed, the Chrome OS promises nearly instant boot times of about 7 seconds for users to login to their computers.
  • t will not be available as a download to run and install. Instead, Chrome OS is only shipping on specific hardware from manufacturers Google has partnered with. That means if you want Chrome OS, you’ll have to purchase a Chrome OS device.
  • Chrome OS netbooks will not have traditional hard disk drives — they will rely on non-volatile flash memory and internet-based storage for saving all of your data.
    • Weiye Loh
       
      So who's going to own my data? me? or Google? is it going to be secure? what happens when there's a breach of privacy? Do i have to sign a disclaimer before  I use it? hmm. 
    • Jun Jie Tan
       
      on the internet, google owns you
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  • All the applications will be web-based, meaning users won’t have to install apps, manage updates or even backup their data. All data will be stored in the cloud, and users won’t even have to bother with anti-virus software: Google claims it will monitor code to prevent malicious activity in Chrome OS web apps.
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    Chrome OS netbooks will not have traditional hard disk drives - they will rely on non-volatile flash memory and internet-based storage for saving all of your data.
Weiman Kow

Think you're a good employee? Office snooping software can tell - CNN.com - 1 views

  • More than that, Killock believes using such software can have a negative psychological impact on a workplace. "It is a powerful signal that you do not fully trust the people you are paying or perhaps don't invest the time and care to properly manage them," he says.
    • Weiman Kow
       
      the presentation group brought up this point.. =)
  • Ultimately, true privacy only begins outside the workplace -- and the law supports that. In the United States, at least all email and other electronic content created on the employer's equipment belongs to the employer, not the employee. Slackers would do well to remember that.
  • But Charnock is keen to stress Cataphora isn't only about bosses spying on their team -- it works both ways.
    • Weiman Kow
       
      Is that really true?
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  • the emails they send, the calls they make and the documents they write.
  • Our software builds a multi-dimensional model of normal behavior,
  • [We can tell] who is really being consulted by other employees, and on which topics; who is really making decisions
  • The software began as a tool to assist lawyers with the huge corporate databases often subpoenaed as evidence in trials but has now moved into human resources.
  • We do have extensive filters to try to weed out people who are highly productive in areas such as sports banter and knowledge of local bars,
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    Just a link on advances in extensive office surveillance - this program is supposed to "separate the good employees from the bad by analyzing workers 'electronic footprints' -- the emails they send, the calls they make and the documents they write"
Weiye Loh

Do Americans trust the news media? (OneNewsNow.com) - 1 views

  • newly released poll by Sacred Heart Universitiy. The SHU Polling Institute recently conducted its third survey on "Trust and Satisfaction with the National News Media."  It's a national poll intended to answer the question of whether Americans trust the news media.  In a nutshell, the answer is a resounding "No!"
  • Pollsters asked which television news organizations people turned to most frequently.  CBS News didn't even make the top five!  Who did?  Fox News was first by a wide margin of 28.4 percent.  CNN was second, chosen by 14.9 percent.  NBC News, ABC News, and "local news" followed, while CBS News lagged way behind with only 7.4 percent.
  • On the question of media bias, a whopping 83.6 percent agree that national news media organizations are "very or somewhat biased." 
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  • Which media outlet is most trusted to be accurate today?  Again, Fox News took first place with a healthy margin of 30 percent.  CNN followed with 19.5 percent, NBC News with 7.5 percent, and ABC News with 7.5 percent.
  • we see a strong degree of polarization and political partisanship in the country in general, we see a similar trend in the media."  That probably explains why Fox News is also considered the least trusted, according to the SHU poll.  Viewers seem to either love or hate Fox News.
    • Weiye Loh
       
      So is Fox News the most trusted or the least trusted according to the SHU poll? Or both? And if it's both, how exactly is the survey carried out? Aren't survey options supposed to be mutually exclusive and exhaustive? Maybe SHU has no course on research methods.
  • only 24.3 percent of the SHU respondents say they believe "all or most news media reporting."  They also overwhelmingly (86.6 percent) believe "that the news media have their own political and public policy positions and attempt to influence public opinion." 
    • Weiye Loh
       
      They believe that media attempts to influence. But they also believe that media is biased. Logically then, they don't trust and believe the media. Does that mean that media has no influence? If so, why are they worried then? Third-person perception? Or they simply believe that they are holier-than-thou? Are they really more objective? What is objectivity anyway if not a social construst.
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    One biased news source reporting about the biasness of other news sources. Shows that (self-)reflexivity is key in reading.
Weiye Loh

The School Issue - Junior High - Coming Out in Middle School - NYTimes.com - 1 views

  • All of this fluidity, confusion and experimentation can be understandably disorienting for parents and educators. Is an eighth grader who says he’s gay just experimenting? Could he change his mind in a week, as 13-year-olds routinely do with other identities — skater, prep, goth, jock — they try on for a while and then shed for another? And if sexuality is so fluid, should he really box himself in with a gay identity? Many parents told me they especially struggled with that last question.
    • Weiye Loh
       
      Could this fluidity be a methodology for survival? A play of signs and seduction? In what way could it be informed by the new media? I am reminded of Peter Steiner's dog-on-internet comic.
  • A year earlier they asked Austin if he was gay after they discovered his call to a gay chat line. He promised them that he was straight, and he promised himself that he would cover his tracks better. It’s not uncommon for gay youth to have their same-sex attraction discovered thanks to a rogue number on a phone bill or, more often these days, a poorly concealed Internet search history. “We see a lot of kids get outed by porn on the computer,” Tim Gillean told me in Tulsa. “I knew one kid who told his mom: ‘I don’t know how that got there. Maybe it was dad!’ ”
    • Weiye Loh
       
      Issue of privacy and surveillance made possible by technology.
Weiye Loh

God is not the Creator, claims academic - Telegraph - 1 views

  • Professor Ellen van Wolde, a respected Old Testament scholar and author, claims the first sentence of Genesis "in the beginning God created the Heaven and the Earth" is not a true translation of the Hebrew.
  • She said she eventually concluded the Hebrew verb "bara", which is used in the first sentence of the book of Genesis, does not mean "to create" but to "spatially separate". The first sentence should now read "in the beginning God separated the Heaven and the Earth"
  • She said: "It meant to say that God did create humans and animals, but not the Earth itself."
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  • She said she hoped that her conclusions would spark "a robust debate", since her finds are not only new, but would also touch the hearts of many religious people. She said: "Maybe I am even hurting myself. I consider myself to be religious and the Creator used to be very special, as a notion of trust. I want to keep that trust." A spokesman for the Radboud University said: "The new interpretation is a complete shake up of the story of the Creation as we know it." Prof Van Wolde added: "The traditional view of God the Creator is untenable now."
juliet huang

tools to live forever? - 1 views

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    According to a news story on nanotechnology, in the future, the wealthy will be able to make use of nanotechnology to modify parts of their existing or future genetic heritage, ie they can alter body parts in non-invasive procedures, or modify future children's anomalies. http://www.heraldsun.com.au/business/fully-frank/the-tools-to-live-forever/story-e6frfinf-1225791751968 these will then help them evolve into a different species, a better species. ethical questions: most of the issues we've talked about in ethics are at the macro level, perpetuating a social group's agenda. however, biotechnology has the potential to make this divide a reality. it's no longer an ethical question but it has the power to make what we discuss in class a reality. to frame it as an ethical perspective, who gets to decide how is the power evenly distributed? power will always be present behind the use of technologies, but who will decide how this technology is used, and for whose good? and if its for a larger good, then, who can moderate this technology usage to ensure all social actors are represented?
juliet huang

Taken Over By The Fear: Lily Allen Quits the Internet | Bitch Magazine - 1 views

  • Because, if you're a woman, and you operate without fear - fear of people calling you fat or ugly, fear of being deemed unladylike (or "out of control," or "bratty," or whatever), fear of making people angry - people will do their very best to drill it into you.
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    the problem with collective action on the Internet!
Weiye Loh

Facebook groups hijacked - 1 views

  • ACTIVISTS claimed on Tuesday to have seized control of nearly 300 Facebook community groups in a self-proclaimed effort to expose how vulnerable online reputations are to tampering.
  • CYI claimed its motives were pure and that the move was more of a 'take-over' than a computer hack of Facebook groups.
    • Weiye Loh
       
      Sure, the end/ purpose is good... but the means? Questionable. Yet, it may be the only way to get people to formally recognize a flaw that everyone is well (sub)conscious about but refuses to do anything.  Freedom of expression perhaps? We're back to the issue of what is right and what is wrong. 
  • 'Facebook Groups suffer from a major flaw,' said a message on the CYI blog. 'If an administrator of a group leaves, anyone can register as a new admin. So, in order to take control of a Facebook group, all you really have to do is a quick search on Google.' Once CYI accessed groups as administrators it had authority to change anything, including pictures, descriptions and settings.
Weiye Loh

Minds for Sale: Jonathan Zittrain explores the rise of Cloud Labor at theory.isthereason - 1 views

  • In his hour long presentation, he discusses… 2:05 Ubiquitous Human Computing or “Minds for Sale” 2:32 The Tween Bot 4:14 Crowdsourcing “The Future of the Internet” 7:36 A tour of the Ubiquitous Human Computing pyramid 8:37 Example 1: The X-Prize 10:24 Example 2: Innocentive 12:08 Example 3: LiveOps 15:43 Example 4: SamaSource 16:16 Example 5: Amazon’s Mechanical Turk 20:13 Example 6: The ESP Game 22:47 Example 7: Human Computing for Electronic Design Automation 24:01 Example 8: Google 25:24 Why Should We be Pessimistic? 26:38 Child Labor on PBS 28:11 Laboring for a Devious Cause 29:23 US Border Webcams 30:05 Smart Drive 30:45 Internet Eyes 32:09 Identifying Protesters 33:21 A Speculative Example 35:05 Mechanical Turking your way to a Fake Reputation 39:36 Mechanical Turking your way to a Political Movement 41:20 Captchas Sweatshops 43:03 “Crowding Out” 44:41 The Future of Crowdsourcing and How to Stop It 47:14 Clickworkers of the World Unite! 50:45 Monetizing Kindness
Weiye Loh

Reclaiming the Imagination - Opinionator Blog - NYTimes.com - 1 views

  • Why did humans evolve the capacity to imagine alternatives to reality? Was story-telling in prehistoric times like the peacock’s tail, of no direct practical use but a good way of attracting a mate? It kept Scheherazade Scheherazade alive through those one thousand and one nights — in the story.
  • imagining turns out to be much more reality-directed than the stereotype implies.
  • A reality-directed faculty of imagination has clear survival value. By enabling you to imagine all sorts of scenarios, it alerts you to dangers and opportunities.
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  • Constraining imagination by knowledge does not make it redundant. We rarely know an explicit formula that tells us what to do in a complex situation. We have to work out what to do by thinking through the possibilities in ways that are simultaneously imaginative and realistic, and not less imaginative when more realistic. Knowledge, far from limiting imagination, enables it to serve its central function.
  • we can borrow a distinction from the philosophy of science, between contexts of discovery and contexts of justification. In the context of discovery, we get ideas, no matter how — dreams or drugs will do. Then, in the context of justification, we assemble objective evidence to determine whether the ideas are correct. On this picture, standards of rationality apply only to the context of justification, not to the context of discovery. Those who downplay the cognitive role of the imagination restrict it to the context of discovery, excluding it from the context of justification. But they are wrong. Imagination plays a vital role in justifying ideas as well as generating them in the first place.
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    Reclaiming the Imagination By TIMOTHY WILLIAMSON
Weiye Loh

Sam Harris to Speak at 3 CFI Branches on U.S. Book Tour | Center for Inquiry - 1 views

  • Sam Harris’s first book, The End of Faith , ignited a worldwide debate about the validity of religion. In the aftermath, Harris discovered that most people—from religious fundamentalists to non-believing scientists—agree on one point: Science has nothing to say on the subject of human values. Indeed, our failure to address questions of meaning and morality through science has now become the most common justification for religious faith. It is also the primary reason why so many secularists and religious moderates feel obligated to “respect” the hardened superstitions of their more devout neighbors.
  • In this explosive new book, Sam Harris tears down the wall between scientific facts and human values, arguing that most people are simply mistaken about the relationship between morality and the rest of human knowledge. Harris urges us to think about morality in terms of human and animal well-being, viewing the experiences of conscious creatures as peaks and valleys on a “moral landscape.” Because there are definite facts to be known about where we fall on this landscape, Harris foresees a time when science will no longer limit itself to merely describing what people do in the name of “morality”; in principle, science should be able to tell us what we ought to do to live the best lives possible.
  • Harris demonstrates that we already know enough about the human brain and its relationship to events in the world to say that there are right and wrong answers to the most pressing questions of human life. Because such answers exist, moral relativism is simply false—and comes at increasing cost to humanity.
Weiye Loh

Is 'More Efficient' Always Better? - NYTimes.com - 1 views

  • Efficiency is the seemingly value-free standard economists use when they make the case for particular policies — say, free trade, more liberal immigration policies, cap-and-trade policies on environmental pollution, the all-volunteer army or congestion tolls. The concept of efficiency is used to justify a reliance on free-market principles, rather than the government, to organize the health care sector, or to make recommendations on taxation, government spending and monetary policy. All of these public policies have one thing in common: They create winners and losers among members of society.
  • can it be said that a more efficient resource allocation is better than a less efficient one, given the changes in the distribution of welfare among members of society that these allocations imply?
  • Suppose a restructuring of the economy has the effect of increasing the growth of average gross domestic product per capita, but that the benefits of that growth accrue disproportionately disproportionately to a minority of citizens, while others are worse off as a result, as appears to have been the case in the United States in the last several decades. Can economists judge this to be a good thing?
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  • Indeed, how useful is efficiency as a normative guide to public policy? Can economists legitimately base their advocacy of particular policies on that criterion? That advocacy, especially when supported by mathematical notation and complex graphs, may look like economic science. But when greater efficiency is accompanied by a redistribution of economic privilege in society, subjective ethical dimensions inevitably get baked into the economist’s recommendations.
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    Is 'More Efficient' Always Better?
Weiye Loh

Skepticblog » The Value of Vertigo - 1 views

  • But Ruse’s moment of vertigo is not as surprising as it may appear. Indeed, he put effort into achieving this immersion: “I am atypical, I took about three hours to go through [the creation museum] but judging from my students most people don’t read the material as obsessively as I and take about an hour.” Why make this meticulous effort, when he could have dismissed creationism’s well-known scientific problems from the parking lot, or from his easy chair at home?
  • According to Ruse, the vertiginous “what if?” feeling has a practical value. After all, it’s easy to find problems with a pseudoscientific belief; what’s harder is understanding how and why other people believe. “It is silly just to dismiss this stuff as false,” Ruse argues (although it is false, and although Ruse has fought against “this stuff” for decades). “A lot of people believe Creationism so we on the other side need to get a feeling not just for the ideas but for the psychology too.”
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    In June of 2009, philosopher of biology Michael Ruse took a group of grad students to the Answers in Genesis Creation Museum in Kentucky (and also some mainstream institutions) as part of a course on how museums present science. In a critical description of his visit, Ruse reflected upon "the extent to which the Creationist museum uses modern science to its own ends, melding it in seamlessly with its own Creationist message." Continental drift, the Big Bang, and even natural selection are all presented as evidence in support of Young Earth cosmology and flood geology. While immersing himself in the museum's pitch, Ruse wrote, Just for one moment about half way through the exhibit…I got that Kuhnian flash that it could all be true - it was only a flash (rather like thinking that Freudianism is true or that the Republicans are right on anything whatsoever) but it was interesting nevertheless to get a sense of how much sense this whole display and paradigm can make to people.
Weiye Loh

Skepticblog » Kurzweil vs Myer on Brain Complexity - 1 views

  • Kurzweil is still claiming that we can infer something about how much complexity is in the brain from the genome. He writes: The amount of information in the genome (after lossless compression, which is feasible because of the massive redundancy in the genome) is about 50 million bytes (down from 800 million bytes in the uncompressed genome). It is true that the information in the genome goes through a complex route to create a brain, but the information in the genome constrains the amount of information in the brain prior to the brain’s interaction with its environment.
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    There is an interesting blog debate going on between PZ Myers and Ray Kurzweil about the complexity of the brain - a topic that I too blog about and so I thought I would offer my thoughts. The "debate" started with a talk by Kurzweil at the Singularity Summit, a press summary of which prompted this response from PZ Myers. Kurzweil then responded here, and Myers responded to his response here.
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