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During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed by males, self-adjusted and nearest kneeling postures are more effective for chest compression, with lower perceived exertion, according to a study published online Oct. 5 in the Journal of Clinical Nursing. S.H. Ho, from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Daniel H.K. Chow, Ph.D., from The Education University of Hong Kong, applied a self-controlled repeated-measures design to examine the impact of kneeling posture on chest compression during CPR in males. The authors recruited 18 participants with a qualified first-aid certificate. Each participant performed three sessions of CPR on a mannequin using one of three kneeling postures (farthest, self-adjusted, and nearest) in each. Each session comprised five CPR cycles (30 strokes of chest compression within 18 seconds) in each kneeling posture and lasted two minutes. The researchers found that the efficacy of chest compression was significantly better in the self-adjusted and nearest kneeling postures than in the farthest posture. Similar effect was seen for the self-adjusted and nearest postures, while because of the lower rate of perceived exertion, most participants preferred self-adjusted kneeling posture.

2019 UVA Anesthesiology Point-of-Care (PoCUS) Course is organized by University of Virginia (UVA) and will be held from Jan 23 - 24, 2019 at The Village at Breckenridge, Breckenridge, Colorado, United States of America.

51st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) is organized by University of Hawaii at Manoa and would be held during Jan 03 - 06, 2018 at Hilton Waikoloa Village, Waikoloa, Hawaii, United States Of America.

Most physicians on Twitter with a financial conflict of interest (FCOI) and frequent tweets mention specific drugs for which they have a conflict, according to a study published in the September issue of The Lancet Haematology. Victoria Kaestner, from the Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, and colleagues examined whether conflicted physicians tweet about specific products for which they have a FCOI. A total of 156 physicians who tweeted a median of 584 times were included, with a 2014 median general payment totaling $13,600.

Higher dietary total fiber and fruit fiber is protective against bone loss at the femoral neck in men, according to a study published online Oct. 12 in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. Zhaoli Dai, Ph.D., from the Boston University School of Medicine, and colleagues examined the correlation between dietary fiber, assessed using the Willett food frequency questionnaire, and bone loss at the femoral neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine in older men and women. Bone mineral density was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline (1996 to 2011) and in 2001 to 2005 and 2005 to 2008 among 792 men and 1,065 women. The researchers found that in men, but not women, higher dietary total fiber and fruit fiber was protective against bone loss at the femoral neck (P = 0.003 and 0.008, respectively). Compared with men in quartile 1 of fiber intake, those in quartiles 2 to 4 had significantly less bone loss at the femoral neck (all P < 0.04). There were no associations with hip bone loss in women; fiber from vegetables seemed protective against spine bone loss in women but not men. No correlations were seen for cereal fiber or nut and legume fiber with bone loss in men or women.

For patients undergoing right heart catheterization (RHC), borderline pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with increased risk of mortality, according to a study published online Oct. 25 in JAMA Cardiology. Tufik R. Assad, M.D., from Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee, and colleagues conducted a retrospective cohort study involving patients undergoing routine RHC for clinical indication. Patients were classified according to mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) values as reference, borderline PH, and PH (mPAP values of ≤18, 19 to 24, and ≥25 mmHg, respectively). The researchers found that the prevalence of PH and borderline PH was 62 and 18 percent, respectively, among 4,343 patients. Independent associations were seen for advanced age, features of the metabolic syndrome, and chronic heart and lung disease with increased likelihood of borderline PH versus reference patients. Borderline PH was correlated with increased mortality compared with reference patients after adjustment for 34 variables (hazard ratio, 1.31). With higher mPAP there was an incremental increase in the risk of death, without an observed threshold. Sixty-one percent of the 70 patients with borderline PH who underwent repeated RHC had developed overt PH, with a 5 mmHg median increase in mPAP (interquartile range, -1 to 11 mmHg; P < 0.001).

For young patients with type 1 diabetes, insulin pump therapy is associated with lower risks of severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis and better glycemic control than insulin injection therapy, according to a study published online Oct. 10 in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Beate Karges, M.D., from RWTH Aachen University in Germany, and colleagues conducted a population-based cohort study in 446 diabetes centers. They identified patients with type 1 diabetes who were younger than 20 years and had diabetes duration of more than one year. The researchers found that 14,119 patients used pump therapy and 16,460 used insulin injections. A total of 9,814 patients using pump therapy were matched with 9,814 using injection therapy. Compared with injection therapy, pump therapy was correlated with lower rates of severe hypoglycemia (9.55 versus 13.97 per 100 patient-years) and diabetic ketoacidosis (3.64 versus 4.26 per 100 patient-years). Lower levels of glycated hemoglobin were seen with pump versus injection therapy (8.04 versus 8.22 percent). Compared with injection therapy, pump therapy was associated with lower total daily insulin doses (0.84 versus 0.98 U/kg). No significant difference in body mass index was seen between the treatment regimens

9th Postgraduate Course - Surgery of the Thoracic Aorta is organized by Congress Organisation and More GmbH (CongO GmbH) and would be held during Nov 13 - 14, 2017 at University of Bologna, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The target audience for this medical event for Thoracic Surgereons.

Dual-graft (DG) adult living donor liver transplantation (ALDLT) with ABO-incompatible (ABOi) and ABO-compatible (ABOc) graft combination is associated with high rates of graft survival, with no significant difference for ABOi and ABOc grafts, according to research published online July 31 in the American Journal of Transplantation. Jae Hyun Kwon, M.D., from the University of Ulsan College of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, and colleagues conducted a retrospective review of medical records of patients who underwent ABOi DG ALDLT between 2008 and 2014. The authors also assessed the graft regeneration rate using computed tomography volumetric analysis. During a mean follow-up of 57.0 ± 22.4 months, the researchers found that the one-, three-, and five-year patient survival rate was 96.4 percent. The rate of graft survival at one-, three-, and five-years was 96.4, 94.2, and 92.0 percent, respectively; ABOc and ABOi grafts did not differ significantly (P = 0.145). No significant differences were seen between ABOc and ABOi grafts in the biliary complication rate (P = 0.195). There was no significant difference in regeneration rates for ABOi and ABOc grafts. "DG ALDLT with ABOi and ABOc graft combination seems to be a feasible option for expanding the donor pool without additional donor risks," the authors write.

The incidence of lower urinary tract injuries is 0.33 percent for patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopy for benign indications, according to a review published online Dec. 4 in Obstetrics & Gynecology. Jacqueline M.K. Wong, M.D., from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, and colleagues conducted a systematic review of studies to examine the incidence, location, etiology, timing, management, and long-term sequelae of urinary tract injury in gynecologic laparoscopy for benign indication. Ninety studies met the inclusion criteria, representing 140,444 surgeries. The researchers identified 458 lower urinary tract injuries with an incidence of 0.33 percent. Bladder injury occurred three times more often than ureteral injury (0.24 versus 0.08 percent). The highest rates of injury were seen for laparoscopic hysterectomy not otherwise specified and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (1.8 and 1.0 percent, respectively). Most ureteral and bladder injuries resulted from electrosurgery (33.3 percent) and lysis of adhesions (23.3 percent), respectively. Ureteral injuries were most often recognized postoperatively (60 percent) and repaired by open ureteral anastomosis (47.4 percent), while most bladder injuries were recognized intraoperatively (85 percent) and repaired by laparoscopic suturing (34.9 percent).

Intensive blood pressure lowering may similarly decrease cardiovascular events in both patients with and patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus, according to a study published online Dec. 6 in Diabetes Care. Tom F. Brouwer, M.D., from the University of Amsterdam, and colleagues assessed the effect of both type 2 diabetes and baseline cardiovascular disease risk on the treatment effect of intensive blood pressure lowering based on data and pooled analysis from two randomized trials (ACCORD-BP [Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure]and SPRINT [Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial] studies; total of 14,094 patients). The researchers found that the mean baseline systolic blood pressure was 139.5 mm Hg for the cohort and just over one-third (33.6 percent) had type 2 diabetes. The hazard ratio for the primary composite end point of unstable angina, myocardial infarction, acute heart failure, stroke, and cardiovascular death was 0.82 (P = 0.0017). There was a nonsignificant interaction between intensive blood pressure lowering and type 2 diabetes (P = 0.13). While the 10-year cardiovascular risk was higher in patients with type 2 diabetes, there was no interaction between the risk and treatment effect (P = 0.84).

A novel bioinformatics approach can predict vaccine effectiveness for the influenza season, and indicates that the current vaccines are likely to be effective against H3N2 flu viruses in the U.S. 2017/2018 flu season, according to research published online Nov. 29 in F1000 Research. Slobodan Paessler, D.V.M., Ph.D., from the University of Texas Medical Branch, and Veljko Veljkovic, Ph.D., from Biomed Protection, both in Galveston, Texas, used a bioinformatics platform to predict vaccine effectiveness for the 2017/2018 influenza season in the United States. The hemagglutinin HA1 region of 251 and 113 human H3N2 viruses collected in Australia and the United States from July to September 2017 were analyzed. The informational spectrum method-based phylogenetic analysis of H3N2 viruses was performed to serve as a base for predicting vaccine effectiveness. The researchers found that analyses of Australian viruses generated two clusters; the vaccine virus was placed in the smaller group. As a result, the vaccine was predicted not to be efficient against most Australian H3N2 viruses in the 2017 flu season; low vaccine effectiveness was reported in Australia in the 2017 flu season in accordance with this prediction. The U.S. H3N2 viruses were also grouped into two clusters, but the vaccine virus was placed in the largest cluster encompassing 71 percent of analyzed viruses. Consequently, the vaccine effectiveness is expected not to be suboptimal in the United States.

Liraglutide treatment for weight management is not associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, according to a study published online Sept. 26 in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. Melanie J. Davies, M.D., from the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust in the United Kingdom, and colleagues conducted post hoc analysis using data from 5,908 participants in five randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist approved for weight management, in order to assess cardiovascular risk. The researchers found that with liraglutide (3.0 mg), eight participants had positively adjudicated cardiovascular events (1.54 events/1,000 person-years), compared to 10 participants in the comparators group (3.65 events/1000 person-years). Compared to the non-liraglutide group, the hazard ratio for 3.0 mg liraglutide treatment was 0.42 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.17 to 1.08).

Internal medicine patients are frequently prescribed potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), but screening tools can detect clinically relevant PIMs, according to a study published online Oct. 8 in the Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. Anne-Laure Blanc, Pharm.D., Ph.D., from Geneva University Hospitals in Switzerland, and colleagues compared two PIM-screening tools -- STOPP/START and PIM-Check -- in a general internal medicine ward. They also analyzed a random sample of 50 patients hospitalized in 2013, whose readmission within 30 days of discharge had been potentially preventable, and 50 sex-and age-matched patients who were not readmitted. The researchers found that across the whole ward population, PIM-Check and STOPP/START detected 1,348 and 537 PIMs, respectively, which was the equivalent of 13.5 and 5.4 PIMs per patient. PIM-Check had a substantially shorter screening time versus STOPP/START (four versus 10 minutes). Of the PIMs detected using PIM-Check and STOPP/START, the clinical pharmacist found 45 percent and 42 percent, respectively, to be clinically relevant to individual patients' cases. There were no significant differences in the rates of detected and clinically relevant PIMs between readmitted and nonreadmitted patients.

Too many carbs, not fats, may be the culprit in raising risk of premature death, according to a study published online Aug. 29 in the The Lancet to coincide with the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2017, held from Aug. 26 to 30 in Barcelona, Spain. Mahshid Dehghan, Ph.D., an investigator with the Population Health Research Institute at McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada, and colleagues tracked the diet and health of 135,335 people, aged 35 to 70, from 18 countries around the world, to gain a global perspective on the health effects of diet. Participants provided detailed information on their social and economic status, lifestyle, medical history, and current health. They also completed a questionnaire on their regular diet, which researchers used to calculate their average daily calories from fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. The research team then tracked the participants' health for about seven years on average, with follow-up visits at least every three years. The investigators found that high-carbohydrate diets are common, with more than half of the people deriving 70 percent of their daily calories from carbs. People with a high fat intake -- about 35 percent of their daily diet -- had a 23 percent lower risk of early death and 18 percent lower risk of stroke compared to people who ate less fat. The researchers also noted that a very low intake of saturated fats (below 3 percent of daily diet) was associated with a higher risk of death in the study, compared to diets containing up to 13 percent daily. At the same time, high-carb diets -- containing an average 77 percent carbohydrates -- were associated with a 28 percent increased risk of death versus low-carb diets. "The study showed that contrary to popular belief, increased consumption of dietary fats is associated with a lower risk of death," Dehghan told HealthDay. "We found no evidence that below 10 percent of energy by saturated fat is beneficial, and going below 7 percent may even be har

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