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A novel bioinformatics approach can predict vaccine effectiveness for the influenza season, and indicates that the current vaccines are likely to be effective against H3N2 flu viruses in the U.S. 2017/2018 flu season, according to research published online Nov. 29 in F1000 Research. Slobodan Paessler, D.V.M., Ph.D., from the University of Texas Medical Branch, and Veljko Veljkovic, Ph.D., from Biomed Protection, both in Galveston, Texas, used a bioinformatics platform to predict vaccine effectiveness for the 2017/2018 influenza season in the United States. The hemagglutinin HA1 region of 251 and 113 human H3N2 viruses collected in Australia and the United States from July to September 2017 were analyzed. The informational spectrum method-based phylogenetic analysis of H3N2 viruses was performed to serve as a base for predicting vaccine effectiveness. The researchers found that analyses of Australian viruses generated two clusters; the vaccine virus was placed in the smaller group. As a result, the vaccine was predicted not to be efficient against most Australian H3N2 viruses in the 2017 flu season; low vaccine effectiveness was reported in Australia in the 2017 flu season in accordance with this prediction. The U.S. H3N2 viruses were also grouped into two clusters, but the vaccine virus was placed in the largest cluster encompassing 71 percent of analyzed viruses. Consequently, the vaccine effectiveness is expected not to be suboptimal in the United States.

A new screening tool can adequately detect risk of diabetic retinopathy in adults with diabetes in low-income communities in Mexico, according to a study published in the October issue of Preventing Chronic Disease. Kenny Mendoza-Herrera, from the National Institute of Public Health in Mexico, and colleagues analyzed biochemical, clinical, anthropometric, and sociodemographic information from 1,000 adults with diabetes in low-income communities in Mexico in order to develop a screening tool based on a predictive model for early detection of diabetic retinopathy. Time since diabetes diagnosis, high blood glucose levels, systolic hypertension, and physical inactivity were risk factors included in the screening tool. The researchers found that the model had a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC) of 0.78 in the validation data set. Using the optimized cut point that best represented the study population, the model had a sensitivity of 82.9 percent and a specificity of 61.9 percent. "We developed a low-cost and easy-to-apply screening tool to detect people at high risk of diabetic retinopathy in Mexico," the authors write. "Although classification performance of our tool was acceptable (AUC ROC > 0.75), error rates (precision) depend on false-negative and false-positive rates. Therefore, confirmatory assessment of all cases in mandatory."

Higher dietary total fiber and fruit fiber is protective against bone loss at the femoral neck in men, according to a study published online Oct. 12 in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. Zhaoli Dai, Ph.D., from the Boston University School of Medicine, and colleagues examined the correlation between dietary fiber, assessed using the Willett food frequency questionnaire, and bone loss at the femoral neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine in older men and women. Bone mineral density was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline (1996 to 2011) and in 2001 to 2005 and 2005 to 2008 among 792 men and 1,065 women. The researchers found that in men, but not women, higher dietary total fiber and fruit fiber was protective against bone loss at the femoral neck (P = 0.003 and 0.008, respectively). Compared with men in quartile 1 of fiber intake, those in quartiles 2 to 4 had significantly less bone loss at the femoral neck (all P < 0.04). There were no associations with hip bone loss in women; fiber from vegetables seemed protective against spine bone loss in women but not men. No correlations were seen for cereal fiber or nut and legume fiber with bone loss in men or women.

Ropinirole, bromocriptine, and piribedil are associated with the highest incidence rates of adverse effects in Parkinson's disease, according to a review published online Sept. 4 in CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. Bao-Dong Li, from the Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in China, and colleagues conducted a systematic review to compare the adverse effects of 11 drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease. Data were included from 24 randomized controlled trials. The researchers found that, compared with placebo, the incidence of adverse reactions of ropinirole, rotigotine, entacapone, and sumanirole were higher in terms of nausea. The incidence rates of dyskinesia side effects were highest with ropinirole, while in terms of patients' hallucination, pramipexole was significantly higher. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve values of all drugs showed that the incidence of adverse reaction of pergolide was relatively high (nausea, 83.5 percent; hallucination, 79.8 percent); the incidence of dyskinesia and somnolence was higher with ropinirole (80.5 and 69.4 percent); in terms of dizziness, the incidence of adverse reaction of piribedil was higher (67.0 percent), and in terms of constipation, the incidence of bromocriptine was relatively high (62.3 percent). "In addition to current forms of treatment, we hope that our results can produce useful information for further development of new drugs to treat Parkinson's disease based on the natures of each drug," the authors write.

American Educational Institute (AEI) Medical-Dental-Legal Update is organized by American Educational Institute (AEI) and will be held during Oct 02, 2017 - Apr 27, 2018 at Grand Wailea Resort, Maui, Hawaii, United States of America. The target audience for this medical event is Dentists. This CME Conference has been approved for a maximum of 20 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits. Conference Description : You practice in a dynamic and challenging environment. While keeping clinically current is imperative, it isn't enough. You must also acquire the skills necessary to navigate a professional liability minefield, manage a more effective and efficient practice, and navigate a maze of healthcare laws and regulations. The 2017-18 Medical-Dental-Legal Update Update is designed to assist you in that endeavor. The course, offered weekly in 32 enviable destinations, is a unique, 20-hour survey of the intersection of medicine and law as well as selected clinical topics. Produced in state-of-the-art production studios with broadcast-grade, HD digital technology. This Conference offers vital instruction from national experts in the fields of law, medicine, dentistry, asset protection, revenue cycle management and practice management. And their presentations include discussions ranging from domestic violence, payment receipt optimization, medical malpractice, fraud and abuse, and optimizing retirement and benefit plan structures, to the oral-systemic connection, medical errors, Hepatitis B & C, neurology and cardiovascular fitness. The Update is presented in a structured classroom setting affording you the opportunity for dialogue with your medical, dental and legal colleagues, and through September 28, 2018, you will have over 900 opportu­nities to attend at your choice of 30 premier sun and ski resorts - virtually any week you choose. Conference Objectives are: * Recommend preventive lifestyle behaviors and protective pharmacothe­rapy. * Assess the appropriate­ness of th

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation is associated with an increase in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, according to a review and meta-analysis published online May 29 in Cardiovascular Therapeutics. Mohsen Mazidi, Ph.D., from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, and colleagues conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the impact of CLA supplementation on serum CRP. Data were included from 14 studies. The researchers found that following supplementation with CLAs there was a significant increase in serum CRP concentrations (weighted mean difference, 0.63 mg/dL; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.13 to 1.13; heterogeneity P = 0.026); these findings were robust in sensitivity analyses. The changes in serum CRP levels were found to be independent of CLA supplementation dosage (slope, −0.02; 95 percent confidence interval, −0.10 to 0.12; P = 0.889) or follow-up duration (slope, 0.271; 95 percent confidence interval, −0.05 to 0.59; P = 0.098). "This meta-analysis suggests that CLA supplementation is associated with an increase in plasma CRP concentrations and a reduction in serum adiponectin concentrations, which indicates that CLA supplements have a pro-inflammatory effect," the authors write.

American Educational Institute (AEI) Medical-Dental-Legal Update is organized by American Educational Institute (AEI) and will be held during Oct 02, 2017 - Sep 28, 2018 at Dickenson Square, Maui, Hawaii, United States of America. The target audience for this medical event is Dentists. This CME Conference has been approved for a maximum of 20 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits. Conference Description : You practice in a dynamic and challenging environment. While keeping clinically current is imperative, it isn't enough. You must also acquire the skills necessary to navigate a professional liability minefield, manage a more effective and efficient practice, and navigate a maze of healthcare laws and regulations. The 2017-18 Medical-Dental-Legal Update Update is designed to assist you in that endeavor. The course, offered weekly in 32 enviable destinations, is a unique, 20-hour survey of the intersection of medicine and law as well as selected clinical topics. Produced in state-of-the-art production studios with broadcast-grade, HD digital technology. This Conference offers vital instruction from national experts in the fields of law, medicine, dentistry, asset protection, revenue cycle management and practice management. And their presentations include discussions ranging from domestic violence, payment receipt optimization, medical malpractice, fraud and abuse, and optimizing retirement and benefit plan structures, to the oral-systemic connection, medical errors, Hepatitis B & C, neurology and cardiovascular fitness. Conference Objectives are: * Recommend preventive lifestyle behaviors and protective pharmacothe­rapy. * Assess the appropriate­ness of the direct patient care model for your practice * Utilize a variety of clinically relevant but relatively unknown treatments. * Better recognize and respond to victims of child violence. * Better understand and deal with medical malpractice litigation. * More effectively reduce practice risk and protect assets exposed t

For patients with stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, 12 weeks of treatment with glecaprevir and pibrentasvir results in a high rate of sustained virologic response, according to a study published online Oct. 11 in the New England Journal of Medicine. Edward Gane, M.D., from Auckland City Hospital in New Zealand, and colleagues conducted a multicenter trial to examine the efficacy and safety of combination treatment with the NS3/4A protease inhibitor glecaprevir and the NS5A inhibitor pibrentasvir for 12 weeks in adults with HCV infection and compensated liver disease with severe renal impairment, dependence on dialysis, or both. Participants had stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease. One hundred four patients were enrolled in the trial. The researchers found that the sustained virologic response rate was 98 percent. During treatment, none of the patients had virologic failure, and none had a virologic relapse after the end of treatment. Pruritus, fatigue, and nausea were reported in at least 10 percent of the patients. Twenty-four percent of the patients reported serious adverse events. Because of adverse events, four patients discontinued the trial treatment prematurely; three of these had sustained virologic response

Management of type 2 diabetes should include shared decision making, and patients should be offered individualized diabetes self-management education and glycemic management plans, according to a summary of a clinical practice guideline published online Oct. 23 in the Annals of Internal Medicine. Paul R. Conlin, M.D., from the VA Boston Healthcare System in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, and colleagues convened a joint U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Evidence-Based Practice Work Group to develop a guideline for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The authors provided updates on management within seven areas: patient-centered care and shared decision making, glycemic biomarkers, target ranges of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), individualized treatment plans, pharmacologic treatment in the outpatient setting, glucose targets for critically ill patients, and treatment for patients in the hospital. Patients should be offered individualized diabetes self-management education, as well as individualized glycemic management plans and target ranges for HbA1c. "In summary, the VA/DoD CPG [clinical practice guideline] attempts to convey to clinicians, policymakers, and patients the rationale for personalizing treatment on the basis of results from major trials, limitations of the HbA1c test, and evaluation of patient risk for adverse drug events. Conveying complex information in an understandable manner to individual patients and families through a formal process of shared decision making is thus foundational to setting and revising goals that are meaningful, safe, and achievable in everyday clinical practice," the authors write.

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Mayo Clinic Pulmonary Manifestations of Connective Tissue Disorders is organized by Mayo Clinic CME and would be held during Oct 20 - 21, 2017 at The Ritz Carlton, Amelia Island, Fernandina Beach, Florida, United States Of America. The target audience for this medical event for pulmonologists, rheumatologist, and primary care physicians and providers with an interest in pulmonary involvement of connective tissue disorders. This cme conference has been approved with a maximum of 11.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits. Course Description : This two-day course provides pulmonologists, rheumatologists, internists and general practitioners with an up-to-date focus on pulmonary manifestations of rheumatologic disorders. From this course, participants gain a better understanding of how to recognize and diagnose interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension and other respiratory problems which are common in autoimmune rheumatologic disorders, and the latest information regarding pathogenic mechanisms, clinical trials and therapeutic modalities. The speakers will be nationally and internationally recognized specialists in the field. Residents and fellows will have the opportunity to participate by submitting original studies for poster presentations. Conference Objectives are : * Review basic clinical and therapeutic aspects of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension in patients with connective tissue diseases * Improve interpretation skills for laboratory and pulmonary testing pertaining to patients with interstitial lung disease and connective tissue diseases * Identify patients that need a multidisciplinary approach early in the course of the disease * Review up-to-date information about ongoing research in connective tissue disease with patients with autoimmune lung involvement

American Educational Institute (AEI) Medical-Dental-Legal Update is organized by American Educational Institute (AEI) and will be held during Oct 02, 2017 - Apr 27, 2018 at Ritz-Carlton Grand Cayman, George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. The target audience for this medical event is Dentists. This CME Conference has been approved for a maximum of 20 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits. Conference Description : You practice in a dynamic and challenging environment. While keeping clinically current is imperative, it isn't enough. You must also acquire the skills necessary to navigate a professional liability minefield, manage a more effective and efficient practice, and navigate a maze of healthcare laws and regulations. The 2017-18 Medical-Dental-Legal Update Update is designed to assist you in that endeavor. The course, offered weekly in 32 enviable destinations, is a unique, 20-hour survey of the intersection of medicine and law as well as selected clinical topics. Produced in state-of-the-art production studios with broadcast-grade, HD digital technology. This Conference offers vital instruction from national experts in the fields of law, medicine, dentistry, asset protection, revenue cycle management and practice management. And their presentations include discussions ranging from domestic violence, payment receipt optimization, medical malpractice, fraud and abuse, and optimizing retirement and benefit plan structures, to the oral-systemic connection, medical errors, Hepatitis B & C, neurology and cardiovascular fitness.

During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed by males, self-adjusted and nearest kneeling postures are more effective for chest compression, with lower perceived exertion, according to a study published online Oct. 5 in the Journal of Clinical Nursing. S.H. Ho, from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Daniel H.K. Chow, Ph.D., from The Education University of Hong Kong, applied a self-controlled repeated-measures design to examine the impact of kneeling posture on chest compression during CPR in males. The authors recruited 18 participants with a qualified first-aid certificate. Each participant performed three sessions of CPR on a mannequin using one of three kneeling postures (farthest, self-adjusted, and nearest) in each. Each session comprised five CPR cycles (30 strokes of chest compression within 18 seconds) in each kneeling posture and lasted two minutes. The researchers found that the efficacy of chest compression was significantly better in the self-adjusted and nearest kneeling postures than in the farthest posture. Similar effect was seen for the self-adjusted and nearest postures, while because of the lower rate of perceived exertion, most participants preferred self-adjusted kneeling posture.

Aspirin therapy is associated with a reduced risk of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), according to a study scheduled for presentation at The Liver Meeting, held by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases from Oct. 20 to 24 in Washington, D.C. Teng-Yu Lee, M.D., Ph.D., from Taichung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan, and colleagues used data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 1998 to 2012. Patients with non-hepatitis B infections were excluded, as were those with HCC before the follow-up index dates. A total of 1,553 patients who continuously received daily aspirin ≥90 days were randomly matched (1-to-4 ratio) with 6,212 patients who never received anti-platelet therapy based on baseline characteristics, the index date, and nucelos(t)ide analogue (NA) use during follow-up. The researchers found that the cumulative incidence of HCC in the treated group was significantly lower than that in the untreated group in five years (2.86 percent versus 5.59 percent). Aspirin therapy was independently associated with a reduced HCC risk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63) in a multivariable regression analysis. An increased HCC risk was independently associated with older age (HR, 1.03 per year), male gender (HR, 2.65), cirrhosis (HR, 1.89), and diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.51). NA (HR, 0.57) and statin (HR, 0.57) use were associated with a decreased HCC risk.

Too many carbs, not fats, may be the culprit in raising risk of premature death, according to a study published online Aug. 29 in the The Lancet to coincide with the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2017, held from Aug. 26 to 30 in Barcelona, Spain. Mahshid Dehghan, Ph.D., an investigator with the Population Health Research Institute at McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada, and colleagues tracked the diet and health of 135,335 people, aged 35 to 70, from 18 countries around the world, to gain a global perspective on the health effects of diet. Participants provided detailed information on their social and economic status, lifestyle, medical history, and current health. They also completed a questionnaire on their regular diet, which researchers used to calculate their average daily calories from fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. The research team then tracked the participants' health for about seven years on average, with follow-up visits at least every three years. The investigators found that high-carbohydrate diets are common, with more than half of the people deriving 70 percent of their daily calories from carbs. People with a high fat intake -- about 35 percent of their daily diet -- had a 23 percent lower risk of early death and 18 percent lower risk of stroke compared to people who ate less fat. The researchers also noted that a very low intake of saturated fats (below 3 percent of daily diet) was associated with a higher risk of death in the study, compared to diets containing up to 13 percent daily. At the same time, high-carb diets -- containing an average 77 percent carbohydrates -- were associated with a 28 percent increased risk of death versus low-carb diets. "The study showed that contrary to popular belief, increased consumption of dietary fats is associated with a lower risk of death," Dehghan told HealthDay. "We found no evidence that below 10 percent of energy by saturated fat is beneficial, and going below 7 percent may even be har

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