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A peasant girl born in eastern France, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, claiming divine guidance, and was indirectly responsible for the coronation of Charles VII. She was captured by the Burgundians, sold to the English, tried by an ecclesiastical court, and burned at the stake when she was nineteen years old. Twenty-four years later, on the initiative of Charles VII, who could not afford being seen as having been brought to power with the aid of a condemned heretic, Pope Callixtus III reviewed the decision of the ecclesiastical court, found her innocent, and declared her a martyr. She was beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920. She is, along with St. Denis, St. Martin of Tours, St. Louis IX, and St. Theresa of Lisieux, one of the patron saints of France.Joan asserted that she had visions from God that told her to recover her homeland from English domination late in the Hundred Years' War. The uncrowned King Charles VII sent her to the siege at Orléans as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence when she overcame the dismissive attitude of veteran commanders and lifted the siege in only nine days. Several more swift victories led to Charles VII's coronation at Reims and settled the disputed succession to the throne.Joan of Arc has remained an important figure in Western culture. From Napoleon to the present, French politicians of all leanings have invoked her memory. Major writers and composers who have created works about her include Shakespeare (Henry VI, Part 1), Voltaire (La Pucelle d'Orléans), Schiller (Die Jungfrau von Orléans ), Verdi (Giovanna d'Arco), Tchaikovsky (Орлеанская дева), Mark Twain (Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc), Jean Anouilh (L'Alouette), Bertolt Brecht (Die heilige Johanna der Schlachthöfe), George Bernard Shaw (Saint Joan), and Maxwell Anderson (Joan of Lorraine). Depictions of her continue in film, television, video games, song, and dance.

was a great genaral and was killed from envy and three years later became a saint by the christians

edwards, king of england, daughter. she is princess, who is going to marry the son of the king of spain. she is europeon. i think

joan of arc had a powerful army and people believed thats she was a witch and other villagers thought someone were witches

jOhN Of arc Was A PrEtTy qIrL BoRn in dA eaSt Of fRaNcE.sHE WaS 14 Or 15 WhEn sHe sTaRtEd 2 lEaD Da aRmY.She leD The fReenCh ArMY 2 vErY imPOrTaNt ViCtOriEs IN Da huNdReD WaR.sHe wAs CaPtUrEd By THE BuRqUnDiAnS.& WaS SoLd 2 a eNqLIsH.

He was King of England from 1483 until his death. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty. His defeat at the Battle of Bosworth Field was the decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses and is sometimes regarded as the end of the Middle Ages in England. He is the central character of a well-known play by William Shakespeare.When his brother Edward IV died in April 1483, Richard was named Lord protector of the realm for Edward's son and successor, the 12-year-old King Edward V. As the new king travelled to London from Ludlow, Richard met him and escorted him to London where he was lodged in the Tower. Edward V's brother Richard later joined him there.A publicity campaign was mounted condemning Edward IV's marriage to the boys' mother, Elizabeth Woodville as invalid and making their children illegitimate and ineligible for the throne. On 25 June an assembly of lords and commoners endorsed these claims. The following day Richard III officially began his reign. He was crowned in July. The two young princes disappeared in August and there were a number of accusations that the boys were murdered by Richard.There were two major rebellions against Richard. The first, in 1483, was led by staunch opponents of Edward IV and most notably Richard's "kingmaker", Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. The revolt collapsed and Buckingham was executed at Salisbury near the Bull's Head Inn. In 1485 there was another rebellion against Richard, headed by Henry Tudor, 2nd Earl of Richmond (later King Henry VII) and his uncle Jasper. The rebels landed troops, consprised mainly of mercenaries, and Richard fell in the Battle of Bosworth Field, the last English king to die in battle.