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anonymous

Narrative-Based Medicine: Potential, Pitfalls, and Practice - 0 views

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    "Narratives have always been a vital part of medicine. Stories about patients, the experience of caring for them, and their recovery from illness have always been shared-among physicians as well as among patients and their relatives. With the evolution of "modern" medicine, narratives were increasingly neglected in favor of "facts and findings," which were regarded as more scientific and objective. Now, in recent years medical narrative is changing-from the stories about patients and their illnesses, patient narratives and the unfolding and interwoven story between health care professionals and patients are both gaining momentum, leading to the creation or defining of narrative-based medicine (NBM). The term was coined deliberately to mark its distinction from evidence-based medicine (EBM); in fact, NBM was propagated to counteract the shortcomings of EBM.1,2 But what is NBM? Is it a specific therapeutic tool, a special form of physician-patient communication, a qualitative research tool, or does it simply signify a particular attitude towards patients and doctoring? It can be all of the above with different forms or genres of narrative or practical approach called for depending on the field of application. "
Ambika Kilaparthi

Placebos Are Getting More Effective. Drugmakers Are Desperate to Know Why. - 0 views

  • response to placebo was considered a psychological trait related to neurosis and gullibility rather than a physiological phenomenon that could be scrutinized in the lab and manipulated for therapeutic benefit. But then Benedetti came across a study, done years earlier, that suggested the placebo effect had a neurological foundation. US scientists had found that a drug called naloxone blocks the pain-relieving power of placebo treatments. The brain produces its own analgesic compounds called opioids, released under conditions of stress, and naloxone blocks the action of these natural painkillers and their synthetic analogs.
  • Placebo-activated opioids, for example, not only relieve pain; they also modulate heart rate and respiration. The neurotransmitter dopamine, when released by placebo treatment, helps improve motor function in Parkinson's patients. Mechanisms like these can elevate mood, sharpen cognitive ability, alleviate digestive disorders, relieve insomnia, and limit the secretion of stress-related hormones like insulin and cortisol.
  • Alzheimer's patients with impaired cognitive function get less pain relief from analgesic drugs than normal volunteers do. Using advanced methods of EEG analysis, he discovered that the connections between the patients' prefrontal lobes and their opioid systems had been damaged. Healthy volunteers feel the benefit of medication plus a placebo boost. Patients who are unable to formulate ideas about the future because of cortical deficits, however, feel only the effect of the drug itself. The experiment suggests that because Alzheimer's patients don't get the benefits of anticipating the treatment, they require higher doses of painkillers to experience normal levels of relief.
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  • placebo response has limits. It can ease the discomfort of chemotherapy, but it won't stop the growth of tumors. It also works in reverse to produce the placebo's evil twin, the nocebo effect. For example, men taking a commonly prescribed prostate drug who were informed that the medication may cause sexual dysfunction were twice as likely to become impotent.
  • placebo aids recovery is by hacking the mind's ability to predict the future. We are constantly parsing the reactions of those around us—such as the tone a doctor uses to deliver a diagnosis—to generate more-accurate estimations of our fate. One of the most powerful placebogenic triggers is watching someone else experience the benefits of an alleged drug. Researchers call these social aspects of medicine the therapeutic ritual.
  • What turns a dummy pill into a catalyst for relieving pain, anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, or the tremors of Parkinson's disease? The brain's own healing mechanisms, unleashed by the belief that a phony medication is the real thing. The most important ingredient in any placebo is the doctor's bedside manner, but according to research, the color of a tablet can boost the effectiveness even of genuine meds—or help convince a patient that a placebo is a potent remedy.
  • Red pills can give you a more stimulating kick
  • green reduces anxiety
  • White tablets—particularly those labeled "antacid"—are superior for soothing ulcers
  • More is better,scientists say. Placebos taken four times a day deliver greater
  • Branding matters. Placebos stamped or packaged with widely recognized trademarks are more effective than "generic"
  • Clever names
  • volunteers in this high-interaction group got as much relief as did people taking the two leading prescription drugs for IBS. And the benefits of their bogus treatment persisted for weeks afterward, contrary to the belief—widespread in the pharmaceutical industry—that the placebo response is short-lived.
  • hybrid treatment strategies that exploit the placebo effect to make real drugs safer and more effective. Cancer patients undergoing rounds of chemotherapy often suffer from debilitating nocebo effects—such as anticipatory nausea—conditioned by their past experiences with the drugs. A team of German researchers has shown that these associations can be unlearned through the administration of placebo, making chemo easier to bear.
  • body's response to certain types of medication is in constant flux, affected by expectations of treatment, conditioning, beliefs, and social cues.
  • Big Pharma have moved aggressively into Africa, India, China, and the former Soviet Union. In these places, however, cultural dynamics can boost the placebo response in other ways. Doctors in these countries are paid to fill up trial rosters quickly, which may motivate them to recruit patients with milder forms of illness that yield more readily to placebo treatment. Furthermore, a patient's hope of getting better and expectation of expert care—the primary placebo triggers in the brain—are particularly acute in societies where volunteers are clamoring to gain access to the most basic forms of medicine. "The quality of care that placebo patients get in trials is far superior to the best insurance you get in America
  • The HAM-D was created nearly 50 years ago based on a study of major depressive disorder in patients confined to asylums. Few trial volunteers now suffer from that level of illness. In fact, many experts are starting to wonder if what drug companies now call depression is even the same disease that the HAM-D was designed to diagnose.
  • What all of these disorders have in common, however, is that they engage the higher cortical centers that generate beliefs and expectations, interpret social cues, and anticipate rewards. So do chronic pain, sexual dysfunction, Parkinson's
  • In standard trials, the act of taking a pill or receiving an injection activates the placebo response. In open/hidden trials, drugs and placebos are given to some test subjects in the usual way and to others at random intervals through an IV line controlled by a concealed computer. Drugs that work only when the patient knows they're being administered are placebos themselves.
  • Ironically, Big Pharma's attempt to dominate the central nervous system has ended up revealing how powerful the brain really is. The placebo response doesn't care if the catalyst for healing is a triumph of pharmacology, a compassionate therapist, or a syringe of salt water. All it requires is a reasonable expectation of getting better. That's potent medicine.
anonymous

Language, culture and emotions: Exploring ethnic m... [Patient Educ Couns. 2011] - PubM... - 1 views

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    "Medical schools and Continuing Medical Education should focus on training programs for recognizing and handling linguistic barriers between physicians and patients. Patient education programs should encourage patients who experience language barriers to open up to physicians. In situations where language is a barrier, physicians and patients should be encouraged to use interpreters to enhance the expression of emotions."
anonymous

Healthtalkonline: Patients, family and professional experience of health and illness...... - 0 views

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    Healthtalkonline is the award-winning website of the DIPEx charity and replaces the website formerly at dipex.org. Healthtalkonline lets you share in other people's experiences of health and illness. You can watch or listen to videos of the interviews, read about people's experiences and find reliable information about conditions, treatment choices and support. The information on Healthtalkonline is based on qualitative research into patient experiences, led by experts at the University of Oxford. These personal stories of health and illness will enable patients, families and healthcare professionals to benefit from the experiences of others
anonymous

The view from over there: reframing the OSCE through the experience of standardised pat... - 1 views

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    "The results can be used to reframe understanding of the SP role and of the psychometric discourse of assessment. Ratings awarded by SPs are socially constructed and reveal the complexity of the OSCE process and the unfeasibility of absolute objectivity or standardisation. Standardised patients valued individuality, subjective experience and assessment for learning. The potential of SPs is under-used their greater involvement should be used to promote real partnership as educators move into a post-psychometric era. New-generation assessments should strive to value subjective experience as well as psychometric data in order to utilise the significant potential for learning within assessment."
anonymous

Patient-Centered Care Model Demands Better Physician-Patient Communication, February 1,... - 1 views

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    "It's not just patients who can learn from tools that help them make evidence-based decisions. Assessing patients' understanding of the information provided and the reasons for their health care choices has been an educational experience for Dale Collins Vidal, MD, director of the Center for Informed Choice at Dartmouth Medical School in Hanover, New Hampshire."
avivajazz  jazzaviva

Medical Education Reform: Patient-Centered Learner, Lowered Costs--True Healthcare Reform - 0 views

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    Patient Centered Learning: The solution is to permit alternatives to rigid institutions, utilize free internet programs, and have medical students assist practicing physicians by assisting practicing physicians in taking patient histories. These students would offer valuable, free services to doctors. At the same time, they would have a vivid learning experience by spending several hours each day interacting with actual patients. The Cost Of Medical Education Would Be Negligible. The expense of healthcare is directly proportional to the cost of the doctor's education. With the institutional bottleneck gone, there would be a greater number of doctors, and the cost of healthcare would plummet.
anonymous

Patient Blogging Could Offer Host of Benefits - Features - iHealthBeat - 2 views

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    "According to a 2011 report by the Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project, of the 74% of American adults using the Internet, 34% have read someone else's commentary or experience about health or medical issues on an online news group, website or blog. Meanwhile, about 13% of patients blog about their diagnosis or experience. "
anonymous

Courteous but not curious: how doctors' politeness masks their existential neglect. A q... - 2 views

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    "The study suggests that the main failing of patient-doctor encounters is not a lack of courteous manners, but the moral offence patients experience when existential concerns are ignored. "
Natalie Lafferty

Welcome to the Patient Voices programme - 1 views

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    The Patient Voices programme was founded by social entrepreneurs Pip Hardy and Tony Sumner in 2003, and aims to facilitate the telling and the hearing of some of the unwritten and unspoken stories of ordinary people so that those who devise and implement strategy in health and social care, as well as the professionals and clinicians directly involved in care, may carry out their duties in a more informed and compassionate manner. We hope that, as a result of seeing the stories, patients, their carers and clinicians may meet as equals and work respectfully together for the benefit of all.
anonymous

Nature and Impact of Grief Over Patient Loss on Oncologists' Personal and Professional ... - 1 views

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    "To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative exploration of the nature and impact of grief in oncologists. We found that for oncologists, patient loss was a unique affective experience that had a smokelike quality. Like smoke, this grief was intangible and invisible. Nonetheless, it was pervasive, sticking to the physicians' clothes when they went home after work and slipping under the doors between patient rooms."
anonymous

A systematic review of the effects of residency training on patient outcomes - 0 views

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    Ninety-seven articles were included from 182 full-text articles of the initial 2,001 hits. All studies were of average or good quality and the majority had an observational study design.Ninety-six studies provided insight into the effect of 'the level of experience of residents' on patient outcomes during residency training. Within these studies, the start of the academic year was not without risk (five out of 19 studies), but individual progression of residents (seven studies) as well as progression through residency training (nine out of 10 studies) had a positive effect on patient outcomes.
Anne Marie Cunningham

PatientsLikeMe : Patients Helping Patients Live Better Every Day - 0 views

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    started with mainly neurological conditions but allows patients to share experiences of illness and treatments
Natalie Lafferty

Case Study: Centre For Excellence In Teaching... | Patient Opinion - 2 views

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    Case study on using Patient Opinion in health professions education.
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    What a great idea!
anonymous

ACS Risk Calculator - 0 views

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    "Our experience with the calculators shows that it helps surgeons improve the quality of care they provide their patients because it improves shared decision making and patient-centered informed consent."
Annalisa Manca

medU | Home - 0 views

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    MedU is the home to CLIPP - Computer-assisted Learning in Pediatrics Program, SIMPLE - Simulated Internal Medicine Patient Learning Experience, fmCASES - Family Medicine Computer-Assisted Simulations for Educating Students, and WISE-MD - Web Initiative for Surgical Education of Medical Doctors.
Anne Marie Cunningham

Free patient websites, blogs, support and community - CarePages.com - 0 views

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    portal to allow patients to share stories and experiences and get support
Natalie Lafferty

College of Medicine professor turns med students into filmmakers, patients into teacher... - 2 views

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    Medical students at Penn State make films of their patients to gain more understanding of what it's like to live with serious illness.
anonymous

Teaching Medical Students About Disability: The Use of Stand... : Academic Medicine - 0 views

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    "The renewed emphasis on clinical skills in medical education comes at a time when there is also increasing focus on the need to provide better care for populations that experience health disparities.2,3,10 SPs provide a unique opportunity to meet both the general goals of medical education in developing students' clinical skills and goals specific to enhancing and evaluating students' knowledge, attitudes, and skills with regard to patients with disabilities."
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