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Twisted is an event-driven network programming framework written in Python

Tornado is a scalable, non-blocking web server and web application framework written in Python.

The FOX toolkit is an open source, cross-platform widget toolkit, that is, a library of basic elements for building a graphical user interface (GUI). FOX stands for Free Objects for X.

FOX differentiates itself in the following way from other cross-platform toolkits: Tk is a cross-platform toolkit but does not have all of the widgets that FOX considers desirable. Qt had a different licensing model, which might have required a commercial license in some cases where FOX would not. (This is no longer the case starting with Qt 4.5.) wxWidgets promotes the use of native widgets on each supported platform. FLTK is a fast, low-footprint library that supports rapid application development, and requires less code to use, but lacks advanced widgets. All of these toolkits have some support for programming natively on Mac OS and/or Mac OS X platforms, which FOX currently does not support[

ABOUT Slut is a programming framework for generative, synthetic, interactive, network-enabled graphics. Slut generates images from processes. Such processes may be simple "construction plans" or they may depend on user input. They may be drawn from incoming network data or messages that are sent to the network. Produced images may be adaptive, accumulative or static. They may look and feel like computer games or they may inform like scientific visualizations. They may be lyrical, cynical, political, intrusive (literally over the network), simply beautiful or banal.

The Boost Python Library is a framework for interfacing Python and C++. It allows you to quickly and seamlessly expose C++ classes functions and objects to Python, and vice-versa, using no special tools -- just your C++ compiler. It is designed to wrap C++ interfaces non-intrusively, so that you should not have to change the C++ code at all in order to wrap it, making Boost.Python ideal for exposing 3rd-party libraries to Python. The library's use of advanced metaprogramming techniques simplifies its syntax for users, so that wrapping code takes on the look of a kind of declarative interface definition language (IDL).

The Dependency Injection (DI) is an essential pattern when building large systems. It forces classes to be more modular and reusable by making them depend on an interface instead of a concrete class. Simply put classes favor instances passed into the init instead of creating new instances.

Stackless Python, or Stackless, is a Python programming language interpreter, so named because it avoids depending on the C call stack for its own stack. The most prominent feature of Stackless is microthreads, which avoid much of the overhead associated with usual operating system threads. In addition to Python features, Stackless also adds support for coroutines, communication channels and task serialization.

Unicode and new style string formatting Python 2.6 and Python 3 gain a new style of string formatting, which is apparently based on the string formatting in C#. I wasn't a big fan of the string formatting in C# and so wasn't very excited about it moving into Python, but as is to be expected it has grown a bit on me.

As always, the best solution is to not mix Unicode and byte-strings but to keep all strings in Unicode and only perform the encode when actually needed.

So why does this behaviour matter? Well it particularly matters for framework authors formatting messages based on 'user' input. This is the case with unittest, which creates error messages when tests fail. The error messages internally in unittest are byte-strings and they are often mixed with user supplied messages using string formatting. We use old-style (% based) formatting, so if the user supplies byte-strings then the resulting messages will be byte-strings. If the user supplies Unicode strings then the resulting messages will be in Unicode. Because all the internal unittest messages are ascii only we can guarantee than an implicit decode to Unicode will succeed - so the user can choose the output type by varying the type of the messages they provide.