Group items tagged

This is a brief discussion on data encapsulation according to Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam. Let me start; when a host sends out data on a network to receiving device, the data travels from first to last in encapsulation form. It is covered with protocol information at every layer of the OSI model. Each layer communicates just with its neighbor layers on the receiving device. Every layer works with Protocol Data units (PDUs) to converse the information. PDUs grasp the control information fasten to the data at each layer of the OSI model. They are normally fasten to the header in front of the data field but can also be attached in the trailer or end of it. Every Protocol Data unit (PDU) fixes to the data by encapsulating it at every layer of the OSI model and each has a particular name (depending on the information provided in each header). On the receiving device, every neighbor layer just can read this PDU information. And after reading this information is stripped off and then the data is handed to the next upper layer.

Hierarchy is a collection of items. Items being represent as above and beneath in hierarchy or sometimes at the same stage as one another. Theoretically, a hierarchy can be replicated technically as a originate ranking; the origin ranking forms the upper stage and the broods of a certain highest point are at the same stage, beneath their frequent parent. A hierarchy can connect body units whichever vertically or horizontally and directly or indirectly. Direct connections of the hierarchy insofar as they are hierarchical are to individual superior or to any of individual subordinates, while a structure which is mostly hierarchical can also contain different hierarchies.