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This is a brief discussion on data encapsulation according to Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Exam. Let me start; when a host sends out data on a network to receiving device, the data travels from first to last in encapsulation form. It is covered with protocol information at every layer of the OSI model. Each layer communicates just with its neighbor layers on the receiving device. Every layer works with Protocol Data units (PDUs) to converse the information. PDUs grasp the control information fasten to the data at each layer of the OSI model. They are normally fasten to the header in front of the data field but can also be attached in the trailer or end of it. Every Protocol Data unit (PDU) fixes to the data by encapsulating it at every layer of the OSI model and each has a particular name (depending on the information provided in each header). On the receiving device, every neighbor layer just can read this PDU information. And after reading this information is stripped off and then the data is handed to the next upper layer.

Data Link layer performs the process of combination of bits into bytes and bytes into frames. So, Data Link layer employs frames to summarize the packets which were received from the Network Layer for transmitting on a sort of media access. The function of Ethernet stations is to pass data frames between each other using a group of bits recognized as a MAC frame format. This detects errors from a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) (Remember this is error detection, not error correction). The 802.3 frames and Ethernet frame are shown below. NOTE: Encapsulating a frame within a different type of frame is called tunneling.

The Ethernet cable is being using on wired network. This is the most popular source of data communication between computer, routers, switches, firewalls and many other devices on a Local Area Network (LAN). In the current era, the Ethernet Cables are very common types of cables, which are being using in mostly wired network. Ethernet cable wiring is very important dialogue discussion, particularly if you have to prepare for the Cisco exams such as CCNA. Ethernet cables are actually constructed in two essential kinds known as solid and stranded. The Solid Ethernet cables is using to get enhanced communication performance and protection beside electrical interference, however stranded cables are less in performance and protection to bodily cracks and breaks making them further appropriately for travelers and portable devices. Usually Ethernet cables can sustain one or more industry standards as well as Category 5 (CAT5) and Category 6 (CAT6).