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張 旭

一位开发者的 Linux 容器之旅-技术 ◆ 学习|Linux.中国-开源社区 - 1 views

linux.cn/article-6594-1.html

linux docker container system development devops

shared by 張 旭 on 22 Nov 15 - No Cached
  • 容器是一个 Linux 进程，Linux 认为它只是一个运行中的进程。该进程只知道它被告知的东西。
  • 容器进程也分配了它自己的 IP 地址。
  • 在容器化方面，容器进程有它自己的 IP 地址。一旦给予了一个 IP 地址，该进程就是宿主网络中可识别的资源
  • ...20 more annotations...
  • 使容器 IP 映射到主机中能访问公网的 IP 地址。建立了该映射，无论出于什么意图和目的，容器就是网络上一个可访问的独立机器，从概念上类似于虚拟机。
  • 容器是拥有不同 IP 地址从而使其成为网络上可识别的独立 Linux 进程
  • CPU、内存和存储空间的分配是动态的，和典型虚拟机的静态方式不同。所有这些资源的共享都由容器管理器来管理。
  • 容器能非常快速地启动
  • 托管容器的计算机运行着被剥离的只剩下主要部分的某个 Linux 版本。
  • 操作系统被所有容器所共享，减少了容器足迹的重复和冗余。每个容器只包括该容器特有的部分
  • 层是一个容器镜像
  • 一个容器组件被称为层（layer）
  • 容器的各种功能都由一个称为容器管理器（container manager）的软件控制
  • 流行的容器管理器是 Docker 和 Rocket
  • 镜像存储在注册库（registry）中，注册库通过网络访问
  • 镜像代表了你的容器需要完成其工作的容器模板
  • 应用程序所需镜像的容器配置文件
  • 每个容器有一个独立的 IP 地址。因此，能把它放到负载均衡器后面。将容器放到负载均衡器后面，这就上升了一个层面。
  • Deis 的容器配置技术
  • 可以部署一个或多个容器镜像到主机上的负载均衡器下
  • 每次添加实例到环境中时，你不需要手动配置负载均衡器以便接受你的容器镜像。你可以使用服务发现技术让容器告知均衡器它可用。
  • 类似 CoreOS、RHEL Atomic、和 Ubuntu 的 Snappy 宿主操作系统
  • 类似 Docker 和 Rocket 的容器管理技术结合起来
  • 类似 Deis 这样的配置技术使容器创建和部署变得更加简单
張 旭

七个你无法忽视的Git使用技巧| 编程派 | Coding Python - 0 views

codingpy.com/...t-hacks-you-just-cannot-ignore

git development version

shared by 張 旭 on 27 Nov 15 - No Cached
  • 撤销最近一次代码提交
  • $ git reset --soft HEAD~1 # 对工作文件进行必要的更改 $ git add -A . $ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD
張 旭

Flynn: first preview release | Hacker News - 0 views

news.ycombinator.com/item

docker consul system service discovery dns

shared by 張 旭 on 25 Nov 15 - No Cached
  • Etcd and Zookeeper provide essentially the same functionality. They are both a strongly consistent key/value stores that support notifications to clients of changes. These two projects are limited to service discovery
  • So lets say you had a client application that would talk to a node application that could be on any number of servers. What you could do is hard code that list into your application and randomly select one, in order to "fake" load balancing. However every time a machine went up or down you would have to update that list.
  • What Consul provides is you just tell your app to connect to "mynodeapp.consul" and then consul will give you the proper address of one of your node apps.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Consul and Skydock are both applications that build on top of a tool like Zookeeper and Etcd.
  • What a developer ideally wants to do is just push code and not have to worry about what servers are running what, and worry about failover and the like
  • What Flynn provides (if I get it), is a diy Heroku like platform
  • Another project that I believe may be similar to Flynn is Apache Mesos.
  • a self hosted Heroku
  • Google Omega is Google's answer to Apache Mesos
  • Omega would need a service like Raft to understand what services are currently available
  • Raft is a consensus algorithm for keeping a set of distributed state machines in a consistent state.
  • I want to use Docker, but it has no easy way to say "take this file that contains instructions and make everything". You can write Dockerfiles, but you can only use one part of the stack in them, otherwise you run into trouble.
  • 張 旭 on 25 Nov 15
     
    " So lets say you had a client application that would talk to a node application that could be on any number of servers. What you could do is hard code that list into your application and randomly select one, in order to "fake" load balancing. However every time a machine went up or down you would have to update that list. What Consul provides is you just tell your app to connect to "mynodeapp.consul" and then consul will give you the proper address of one of your node apps."
張 旭

Automated Docker-based Rails deployments - 0 views

cocoahunter.com/...docker-3

docker deploy system rails development ruby web

shared by 張 旭 on 23 Oct 15 - No Cached
  • how to automate the whole deployment process with a real world
  • use Unicorn as our webserver
  • 張 旭 on 23 Oct 15
     
    "This is the third post in a series of 3 on how my company moved its infrastructure from PaaS to Docker based deployment."
張 旭

Active Record Basics - Ruby on Rails Guides - 0 views

guides.rubyonrails.org/active_record_basics.html

ruby rails programming development framework model database object

shared by 張 旭 on 22 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • the model - which is the layer of the system responsible for representing business data and logic.
  • Active Record facilitates the creation and use of business objects whose data requires persistent storage to a database
  • Rails will pluralize your class names to find the respective database table.
  • ...33 more annotations...
  • objects carry both persistent data and behavior which operates on that data
  • Object-Relational Mapping, commonly referred to as its abbreviation ORM, is a technique that connects the rich objects of an application to tables in a relational database management system
  • Represent associations between these models
  • Validate models before they get persisted to the database
  • The idea is that if you configure your applications in the very same way most of the times then this should be the default way.
  • Database Table - Plural with underscores separating words
  • use the ActiveRecord::Base.table_name= method to specify the table name
  • Model Class - Singular with the first letter of each word capitalized
  • Foreign keys - These fields should be named following the pattern singularized_table_name_id
  • Primary keys - By default, Active Record will use an integer column named id as the table's primary key
  • created_at
  • updated_at
  • (table_name)_count - Used to cache the number of belonging objects on associations.
  • Single Table Inheritance (STI)
  • Object Relational Mapping
  • class_name.yml
  • ActiveRecord::Base.primary_key=
  • CRUD is an acronym for the four verbs we use to operate on data: Create, Read, Update and Delete.
  • new method will return a new object
  • create will return the object and save it to the database.
  • Using the new method, an object can be instantiated without being saved
  • user.save will commit the record to the database
  • update_all class method
  • an Active Record object can be destroyed which removes it from the database
  • Validation is a very important issue to consider when persisting to database, so the methods create, save and update take it into account when running: they return false when validation fails and they didn't actually perform any operation on database.
  • a bang counterpart
  • Active Record callbacks allow you to attach code to certain events in the life-cycle of your models
  • Rails keeps track of which files have been committed to the database and provides rollback features
  • rake db:migrate
  • rake db:rollback
  • Convention over Configuration
    • 張 旭
      張 旭 on 12 Apr 16
       
      Model 是單數，Table 是複數。想象一下，處理 Object 的時候是逐一處理，但是存放的地方是放了一堆 Objects。
    • 張 旭
      張 旭 on 12 Apr 16
       
      外鍵是單數的形式，這也很好理解：因為關聯到的是一個外部的 Object
張 旭

Docker ARG, ENV and .env - a Complete Guide · vsupalov.com - 1 views

vsupalov.com/docker-arg-env-variable-guide

docker development system server environment

shared by 張 旭 on 10 Dec 18 - No Cached
  • understand and use Docker build-time variables, environment variables and docker-compose templating the right way.
  • ARG is only available during the build of a Docker image (RUN etc), not after the image is created and containers are started from it (ENTRYPOINT, CMD).
  • ENV values are available to containers, but also RUN-style commands during the Docker build starting with the line where they are introduced.
  • ...20 more annotations...
  • set an environment variable in an intermediate container using bash (RUN export VARI=5 && …) it will not persist in the next command.
  • An env_file, is a convenient way to pass many environment variables to a single command in one batch.
  • not be confused with a .env file
  • the dot in front of env - .env, not an “env_file”.
  • If you have a file named .env in your project, it’s only used to put values into the docker-compose.yml file which is in the same folder. Those are used with Docker Compose and Docker Stack.
  • Just type docker-compose config. This way you’ll see how the docker-compose.yml file content looks after the substitution step has been performed without running anything else.
  • ARG are also known as build-time variables. They are only available from the moment they are ‘announced’ in the Dockerfile with an ARG instruction up to the moment when the image is built.
  • Running containers can’t access values of ARG variables.
  • ENV variables are also available during the build, as soon as you introduce them with an ENV instruction. However, unlike ARG, they are also accessible by containers started from the final image.
  • ENV values can be overridden when starting a container,
  • If you don’t provide a value to expected ARG variables which don’t have a default, you’ll get an error message.
  • args block
  • You can use ARG to set the default values of ENV vars.
  • dynamic on-build env values
  • 2. Pass environment variable values from your host
  • 1. Provide values one by one
  • 3. Take values from a file (env_file)
  • for each RUN statement, a new container is launched from an intermediate image.
  • An image is saved by the end of the command, but environment variables do not persist that way.
  • The precedence is, from stronger to less-strong: stuff the containerized application sets, values from single environment entries, values from the env_file(s) and finally Dockerfile defaults.
張 旭

Overview - CircleCI - 0 views

circleci.com/...about-circleci

circle CI

shared by 張 旭 on 14 Nov 18 - No Cached
  • every code change triggers automated tests in a clean container or VM
  • CircleCI may be configured to deploy code to various environments
  • Other cloud service deployments are easily scripted using SSH or by installing the API client of the service with your job configuration.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Continuous integration is a practice that encourages developers to integrate their code into a master branch of a shared repository early and often.
  • 張 旭 on 14 Nov 18
     
    "every code change triggers automated tests in a clean container or VM"
張 旭

pre-commit - 0 views

pre-commit.com

programming code development

shared by 張 旭 on 21 Dec 18 - No Cached
  • a multi-language package manager for pre-commit hooks
  • pre-commit is specifically designed to not require root access
  • We copied and pasted unwieldy bash scripts from project to project and had to manually change the hooks to work for different project structures.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • adding pre-commit plugins to your project is done with the .pre-commit-config.yaml configuration file.
  • The pre-commit config file describes what repositories and hooks are installed.
  • This configuration says to download the pre-commit-hooks project and run its trailing-whitespace hook
  • 張 旭 on 21 Dec 18
     
    "a multi-language package manager for pre-commit hooks"
張 旭

Scrum懶人包 - 10分鐘讀懂Scrum與敏捷軟體開發入門（含中文英文名詞對照） - 敏捷進化趣 Agile FunEvo - 1 views

funevo.com/...hao-xin-shou-zhi-nan-introduce

project scrum

shared by 張 旭 on 08 Nov 18 - No Cached
  • Daily Scrum（每日站立會議）：每天10-15分鐘不能超時
  • Sprint（衝刺）：顧名思義，當團隊決定要哪些 Item 後，就著手去衝。
  • 大原則是 Sprint 內的 Sprint Backlog 不改變（有原則就有例外）。
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • Sprint 開始時，討論一下這個 Sprint 團隊可以交付哪些Item。
  • Sprint 結束時針對產品的會議，PO邀請利害關係人對產出給意見，是要可用的軟體才算產出。
  • Sprint Review 後，Scrum Team 成員（Dev Team 或包含 PO），針對這個 Sprint 團隊的工作模式討論改善，并定出下個 Sprint 改善事項。
  • Product Owner（PO，產品負責人）
  • ScrumMaster
  • Development Team（Dev Team，開發團隊）
張 旭

A Clear, Concise & Comfy Code Review Checklist - DEV Community - 0 views

dev.to/...code-review-checklist-14ke

programming code development

shared by 張 旭 on 29 Dec 18 - No Cached
  • 2 blocks doing similar things might be allowable, but 3 or more is a definitive red cross from me!
  • This would ultimately be integrated into your CI/CD pipelines running on each build/commit/deploy too; stopping any rogue commits getting in.
  • not to say that every code block that is duplicated needs to be refactored
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • Refactoring is a cyclical process
  • Before accessing variables within objects and collections make sure they are there! PLEASE!
  • If that variable is a constant or won't be changed then use the Const keyword in applicable languages and the CAPITALISATION convention to let users aware of your decisions about them.
  • The name of a method is more important than we give it credit for, when a method changes so should its name.
  • Make sure you are returning the right thing, trying to make it as generic as possible.
  • Void should do something, not change something!
  • Private vs Public, this is a big topic
  • keeping an eye of the access level of a method can stop issues further down the line
  • Gherkin is a Business Readable, Domain Specific Language created especially for behavior descriptions.
  • specify the 3 main points of a test, including what you expect to happen using the following keywords GIVEN,  WHEN / AND , THEN.
  • look at how the code is structured, make sure methods aren't too long, don't have too many branches, and that for and if statements could be simplified.
  • Use your initiative and discuss if a rewrite would benefit maintainability for the future.
  • it's unnecessary to leave commented code when working in and around areas with them.
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