Restoration Movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views
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The rise of women leaders in the temperance[24]:728-729 and missionary movements also played an important role in separating the Christian Churches and Churches of Christ. In the Christian Churches, many women spoke in public on behalf of the new Christian Woman's Board of Mission (CWBM) and Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). In contrast, the Churches of Christ largely discouraged women from speaking in public and joining activist women's organizations such as the WCTU.[25]:292-316 The Erie (IL) Christian Church ordained Clara Celestia Hale Babcock as the first known woman Disciple preacher in 1889.[
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By 1926 a split began to form within the Disciples over the future direction of the church. Conservatives within the group began to have problems with the perceived liberalism of the leadership, upon the same grounds described earlier in the accepting of instrumental music in worship.
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In 1968, at the International Convention of Christian Churches (Disciples of Christ), those Christian Churches that favored cooperative mission work adopted a new "provisional design" for their work together, becoming the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).
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The roots of the separation can be found in the polarization resulting from three major controversies that arose during the early 20th century.[32]:185 One, which was a source of division in other religious groups, was "the theological development of modernism and liberalism."[32]:185 The early stages of the ecumenical movement, which led in 1908 to the Federal Council of Churches, provide a second source of controversy.[32]:185 The third was the practice of open membership, in which individuals who had not been baptized by immersion were granted full membership in the church.[32]:185 Those who supported one of these points of view tended to support the others as well.
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Support by the United Christian Missionary Society of missionaries who advocated open membership became a source of contention in 1920.[32]:185 Efforts to recall support for these missionaries failed in a 1925 convention in Oklahoma City and a 1926 convention in Memphis, Tennessee.[32]:185 Many congregations withdrew from the missionary society as a result
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Because of this separation, many independent Christian Churches/churches of Christ are not only non-denominational, they can be anti-denominational, avoiding even the appearance or language associated with denominationalism holding true to their Restoration roots.