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Home/ KY women and civil rights history/ Contents contributed and discussions participated by Claire Johns

Contents contributed and discussions participated by Claire Johns

Claire Johns

Kentucky: Kentucky Commission on Human Rights - Hall of Fame 2001 - 0 views

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    From here you can find many people who have been inducted into the Kentucky Hall of Fame. This is Dr. Marlatt, who helped start the Lexington chapter of CORE. 
Claire Johns

KET | Living the Story | Civil Rights Timeline - 0 views

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    Time of the civil rights movement in Kentucky
Claire Johns

Carnegie library - eNotes.com Reference - 1 views

  • Beginning in the late 19th century, women's clubs organized in the United States, and were critical in identifying the need for libraries, as well as organizing for their construction and long-term financial support through fundraising and lobbying government bodies.[1] Women's clubs were instrumental in the founding of 75-80 percent of the libraries in the United States.[2] Carnegie's grants were catalysts for library construction based on organizing by women's clubs.
  • Under segregation black people were generally denied access to public libraries in the Southern United States. Rather than insisting on his libraries being racially integrated, he funded separate libraries for African Americans. For example, at Houston he funded a separate Colored Carnegie Library because black people were prohibited from using the "white" Carnegie Library there.[4]
  • This coincided with the rise of women's clubs in the post-Civil War period, which were most responsible for organizing efforts to establish libraries, including long-term fundraising and lobbying within their communities to support operations and collections.[6] They led the establishment of 75-80 percent of the libraries in communities across the country.[7]
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    In researching the segregation of public libraries, I also found that during the establish of the Carnegie libraries spurred the creation of many women's groups throughout the country in the late 19th century. These women's group have taken off and continued throughout history. 
Claire Johns

americanwiki / Segregated Libraries - 0 views

  • Carnegie and Bertram never insisted on desegregated libraries or that communities accept and maintain separate branches for blacks, but they did attempt to make communities clearly set their own policies, so they could act accordingly"(Carnegie 36).  "Carnegie and Betram tried to compute grant amounts according to the number of people permitted to use them"(Carnegie 32).  This created a complication in southern communities where libraries were segregated.  If the number of likely library users included blacks in the community, Carnegie wanted the assurance that blacks would be allowed to use the library.
  • At the ALA midwinter meeting of 1961 an amendment was made to the library bill of rights.  "The right of an individual to the use of a library should not be denied or abridged because of his race, religion national origins, or political views."  Although the ALA officially supported integration, many felt the ALA was too complicit in library segregation. 
  • Public libraries were sometimes battleground sites in the civil rights movement.
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  • Nine Negro students of Tougaloo Christian College, near Jackson, Mississipi were fined $100 each and given 30-day suspended sentences on March 29 for participating in Missippi's first "study-in" at the city's main public library which is for whites only.  The nine students had been arrested when they went to library shortly before noon on Monday, March 27, and refused to leave when ordered out by police officers" (75).  "At the city jail the students said they had been unable to obtain materials they needed in libraries open to Negroes and had therefore gone to the main library"(75). 
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    A journal entry about the segregation of libraries. It includes pictures from a Louisville library at the bottom. 
Claire Johns

Andrew Carnegie and his Library Legacy | library - 0 views

  • Many southerners did not believe that African Americans should have been allowed to know how to read. When dealing with the racism of southern America and the required segregation, Andrew Carnegie went as far as to build separate Carnegie libraries specifically for African Americans.
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    After listening to an interview with Hopkinsville native, Odessa Chestine, who said the Carnegie library in Hopkinsville was segregated causing her family to have to buy books instead of being able to check them out from the library, I decided to look further to find if all Carnegie libraries were segregated. 
Claire Johns

Notable Kentucky African Americans - Colored Notes in Kentucky Newspapers - 0 views

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    Colored Notes (Kentucky) 
Claire Johns

KET | Distinguished Kentuckian - 0 views

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    This is a program KET did from 1974 to 1992 on Kentuckians, who have made a significant contribution to all kinds of aspects of life in Kentucky. There are interviews and descriptions of eaches contributions. It could be helpful as you're working on your individual project.
Claire Johns

Search - 0 views

  • [1964-01-12][NEWSPAPERS. HERALD-LEADER.] [Herald-Leader. p. 9 col. 1-7]717629 "Colored Notes and Obituaries"Readers of the "Colored Notes" columns of The Lexington Herald, The Lexington Leader and Sunday Herald-Leader have voted in a readership poll for continued publication of the feature in the Lexington newspapers. … A letter distributed to readers at the time of the ballot stated that CORE and some all-white reform groups had applied considerable pressure in an effort to remove the Colored Notes from the Lexington newspapers.
  • e all-white reform group
  • me all-white reform groups
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  • [1989-11-27][HUGHES, DWIGHT] [Herald-Leader. D-8 col. 1-4 and D-11]589021 "Dwight Hughes"Since boyhood, Dwight Hughes planned to follow his father into the family business, and he has fulfilled this ambition. For the last eight years, he has been a mortician. Most would consider this business grim and unpleasant. But Hughes, co-owner of O.L. Hughes and Sons Mortuary at 322 East Third Street, says he loves it.
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    An interesting article concerning whether to keep the "Colored Notes" section in Lexington's papers written in 1964. 
Claire Johns

John W. Smith, Smith and Smith Funeral Home, Lexington, Kentucky - 1 views

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    Short history of the Smith and Smith funeral home in the MLKjr. Neighborhood
Claire Johns

YouTube - East End Lexington (Kentucky) Oral History Project - 1 views

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    Part of the East End Project. 
Claire Johns

The My Hero Project - Women Had Key Roles in Civil Rights EraWomen_CivilRights_AP - 3 views

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    Another great article explaining the behind the scenes roles of black women in the civil rights movement. Also, this includes some of the more famous of these women. 
Claire Johns

Women overlooked in civil rights movement - U.S. news - Life - Race & ethnicity - msnbc... - 2 views

  • Visible, but unsung But scan historic
  • Visible, but unsung But scan historical images of the most dramatic moments of the civil rights movement — protesters blasted by fire hoses and dogs lunging at blacks — and women and girls are everywhere.
  • There is a 1964 image of Mississippi beautician Vera Piggy styling hair and educating her customers on voter registration.
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  • Still unknown
  • Most were “volunteers — women in the churches who cooked the meals and made sure all the preparations were made, the ones who cleaned up after the rallies and got ready for the next one,” Kennedy said. “Most women who are sincerely interested in making a difference are not looking for the publicity for it. ... Making a true difference doesn’t always come with fanfare.”
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    A great article highlighting some of the behind the scenes roles of women. It also describes how many women, which were involved in the movement are still unknown. 
Claire Johns

"Headed for Louisville:" rethinking rural to urban migration in the South, 1930-1950. -... - 2 views

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    This article tells of urban Migration in Kentucky through the story of two men. Migration from 1930-1950 
Claire Johns

Women in Kentucky - Public Service in Kentucky - 2 views

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    A very helpful timeline to put things into reference. From 1838 all the way to 1999. 
Claire Johns

Laura Clay - 3 views

  • Lexington's Sayre School
  • an unusually powerful position for a southern girl in the 1860's when any woman demonstrating intellect was considered a "bluestocking" doomed to spinsterhood.
  • Their resulting divorce in 1878 was the turning point in all of the Clay women's lives. According to laws at the time, a woman held no claim to house or property
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  • the Clay women turned to the equalizing of women's rights.
  • Laura decided to lease White Hall from her father
  • She then collaborated with Susan B. Anthony to organize suffrage societies across the Commonwealth
  • During this same period, Clay became the best-known southern suffragist and the South's leading voice in the councils of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). While chair of the association's membership committee, she introduced recruiting innovations that almost tripled the number of members, from 17,000 in 1905 to 45,501 in 1907, and succeeded in establishing associations in nine southern states.
  • Clay was an emancipationist; one who believed that it was up to each state to grant freedom/rights to citizens
  • Clay was also a believer in Anglo-Saxon superiority but was paternalistic in her attitudes. A product of her time and region, this hearkening back to Southern pre-Civil War beliefs caused some critics to castigate her as a racist.
  • She also worked to promote the involvement of women in politics, advocating that women not silently accept the party affiliation of their husbands, but instead form and act upon their own beliefs.
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    The beginning of this article is a great biography. The best part of this piece was being able to find out more about her positions on states rights and whether she believed in civil rights for blacks as well. Clay was a major supporter of states rights. In all that she did for women's rights ( a list is given at the end) Clay was not an advocate for the rights of African Americans. 
Claire Johns

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Citizenship; a Manual for Voters, by Emma Guy Cromwell. - 24 views

  • Citizenship
  • civil rights
  • We must be familiar with our national and state Constitutions
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  • Citizenship not only embraces civil rights, but political rights which is the right of suffrage or voting.
  • Civil rights and political rights are not the same,
  • The way to get good government is through the parties; that is one reason women must choose their party and enter into the organization of the party of their choice.
  • The United States is both a Democracy and a Republic. A Democracy is a government by the people in which the will of the people prevails throughout the country. "This is the fundamental principle of American government." A Republic is a democracy where the people elect representatives to carry on the government.
  • Constitution is the foundation upon which our government is built
  • There are now forty-eight states in the United States with forty-eight constitutions framed upon the Federal Constitution. Each state has its own constitution, which in no way conflicts with the Federal Constitution.
  • first Constitution of Kentucky was adopted April 3, 1792, at a convention that met in Danville, and later on June 1st, 1792, Kentucky was admitted into the union as a state.
  • An amendment to the Kentucky Constitution requires a three-fifths vote of the members in both houses of the legislature to pass, and then it is submitted by the General Assembly to the voters of the State, which requires a majority of the voters to be adopted.
  • There are now eighteen amendments to the Federal Constitution. The nineteenth amendment on "Suffrage" is still pending, needing only one more state to give universal suffrage to women.
  • Citizenship
  • Citizenship
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