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annual injury rate of 4.8 per 1,000 gymnasts.

but industrial and household waste removal is a growing concern. Per

capita tonnage has doubled in the past 20 years, and finding urban space to build more processing plants has been a challenge.

Simply said, gymnastics is a dangerous sport.

If your son or daughter wants to participate in gymnastics, especially at a competitive level, chances are you'll deal with an injury at some point or another.

There will be injuries in gymnastics. It's the nature of the sport.

It's for this reason that the off-season is used to follow a training program to develop endurance, strength, speed, coordination, and agility. In order to be successful

Warm-up 5 to 10 minutes to increase blood flow and lubricate the joints.Flexibility exercises to slowly stretch muscles and tendons that cross and surround the joints.Strength development to increase muscular power and force.Endurance work to increase and maintain a high level of cardiovascular conditioning and interval workouts to increase speed and stamina.A cool-down period of 5 to 10 minutes after the exercise has finished to let the heart rate return to normal and facilitate the return of blood from the extremities.Post-exercise flexibility exercises of 5 to 10 minutes to prevent muscles from shortening.

The Warm-UpAll exercise should be preceded by a short warm-up period of 5 to 10 minutes. The purpose of this is to prepare your body for more strenuous activity to follow. An excellent warm-up is rope skipping with little or no resistance. Once your body starts to lightly perspire, you are probably sufficiently warmed up. Rope jumping will greatly increase the flow of blood to the muscle tissues and lubricate the joints. This allows you to bend, stretch, jump, and run to the maximum of your ability without fear of injury. Exercise without a proper warm-up is very taxing to the muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints. Failure to warm-up may lead to injury. Flexibility: Stretching Exercises

Prepare to be a WinnerA high level of personal motivation is critical to the success of anything that you do in life. No matter how much or how little basketball talent you have, if you are motivated enough to follow the program set forth here, you will get in shape. Therefore, you will be better able to achieve your goals. All the many hours that you put into your conditioning program will eventually yield results. In the final minutes of a game when your team is desperately looking for someone to score, grab a rebound, or block a shot, it is you who will come through. Why? Because you are in shape and, even in the waning minutes when everyone else is tired, you can still perform at a high competitive level. With the base built from your preseason training program, you are the one who still has the mental toughness, the strength, the power, and the motivation to get the job done. Although you may never have all the tools to be the most talented basketball player, by working hard and following this preseason program, you will become a well conditioned athlete, able to maximize all your basketball talents. In the end this will enable you to come as close as possible to achieving your basketball dreams.

the shorter the intervening interval, the speedier and more marked the conditioning

the longer the interval, the greater the number of intervening responses emitted without reinforcement. The resulting extinction cancels the effect of an occasional reinforcement.

symbol of peace in China

Female pandas are called sows

males are called boars

young are called cubs

Most bears' eyes have round pupils

giant panda, whose pupils are vertical slits

Pandas have very good eyesight

largest pandas grow to be about 250 pounds

5.25 to 6 feet (1.6 to 1.8 m) long

weighs about 220 pounds

40 pounds (18 kg) of food each day

Bamboo is very low in nutrition

cannot digest it very well

12 hours every day

throat and stomach have extra-tough linings to protect them from the tough food

captivity (zoos and breeding centers), pandas eat bamboo, rice cereal, carrots, apples, and sweet potatoes

usually eat while sitting in an upright positio

strong teeth and jaws are very important to a panda's survival

Giant pandas have large molars (flat teeth used for crushing food)

few sharp teeth which they use to bite tough bamboo stalks

Pandas have 42 teeth

very thick, oily, woolly fur

two types of hairs

long, thick, coarse hairs

fur is waterproof

shorter, fine, dense underfur

endangered species

roughly 1,000-1,500 pandas living in the wild (in China)

120 living in zoos and breeding centers around the world

extremely vulnerable to extinction because of humans

mostly shy, solitary animals

mostly silent, but they can bleat!

11 different calls, four of which are only used during mating

live longer in captivity than in the wild

Unlike many other bears, pandas cannot walk on their hind legs

do not hibernate since their food is available all year long

During the cold winter months, giant pandas go to lower altitudes where it is a bit warmer

don't seem to have permanent dens

very slow reproductive rate

mate in the spring

give birth between 95 and 160 days after mating

Almost one in three women aged 35 to 39 in the city of 6.9 million said they had fewer children than they wanted but many said they did not want to risk a late pregnancy.