When a person has the disease called cancer, certain cells in the body grow in an uncontrolled way. The human body contains billions of cells, most of which constantly reproduce themselves through the process called cell division. The body normally controls this process. In some people, however, ..

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The most common type of ovarian cancer is epithelial, accounting for approximately 90% of all ovarian cancers. Epithelial ovarian cancers appear to arise from the surface of the ovary and spread by shedding cancer cells, which are then implanted throughout the lower abdomen. The disease usually spreads without notable symptoms, accounting for the fact that over 70% of epithelial ovarian cancers are diagnosed after the tumor has already spread beyond the ovaries. The other types of ovarian cancer are germ cell and sex cord–stromal tumors.

Epidemiologic studies have shown that risk factors for developing this cancer include increased age, never giving birth, infertility, a history of breast cancer or endometrial cancer, and a family history of ovarian cancer.

he aspects of normal cellular functions that have been revealed as a result of investigations into cancer are discussed. The details of what cancer is and the role of growth factors, growth factor receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, transcription factors, and tumor suppressors in cancer are examined. Cancer therapy is examined in relation to metabolic inhibitors, the alkylating agents and antibiotics, mitotic inhibitors, and hormone-related therapy.

A cancer survivor who engaged in a medically supervised and proactive fitness plan starting from the day of diagnosis maintained a realistic level of physiologic function during and after cancer treatment. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

Breast cancer can rapidly spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system, and sometimes because of its proximity to the major body organs of the lung and heart. If left untreated, it will cause death, as it also may if not detected in the early stages before entering the lymphatic system.

Lung cancer most often spreads to the liver, the adrenal glands, the bones and the brain.Metastatic lung cancer in the liver usually does not cause symptoms, at least by the time of diagnosis.Metastatic lung cancer in the adrenal glands also typically causes no symptoms by the time of diagnosis.Metastasis to the bones is most common with small cell cancers but also occurs with other lung cancer types. Lung cancer that has metastasized to the bone causes bone pain, usually in the backbone (vertebrae), the thighbones and the ribs.Lung cancer that spreads to the brain can cause difficulties with vision, weakness on one side of the body and/or seizures.

The L.A. Times reports that the side effects of hormonal therapy, which involves such drugs as leuprolide (Lupron, Viadur, Eligard), goserelin (Zoladex) and triptorelin (Trelstar), includes a 10 percent to 50 percent increase in the risk of fractures, diabetes, heart disease and sudden cardiac death; a 500 percent increase in hot flashes; and a 267 percent increase in impotence. It also has adverse effects on fats and cholesterol and causes enlargement of the breasts. Wait. It gets worse. The 10-year death rate from prostate cancer was 17.4 percent in those receiving no therapy, compared with 19.9 percent in those receiving hormonal therapy.

grindle All the research I have done indicates that preadjuvant hormone therapy does no good and in fact can cause harm.

Cancer that forms in the tissue lining the uterus (the small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis in which a baby grows). Most endometrial cancers are adenocarcinomas (cancers that begin in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids).

Cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of blood cells to be produced and enter the bloodstream.

A disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the tissues of the pancreas. Also called exocrine cancer.

Cancer that forms in the thyroid gland (an organ at the base of the throat that makes hormones that help control heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and weight). Four main types of thyroid cancer are papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancer. The four types are based on how the cancer cells look under a microscope.

Cancer that forms in tissues of the kidneys. Kidney cancer includes renal cell carcinoma (cancer that forms in the lining of very small tubes in the kidney that filter the blood and remove waste products) and renal pelvis carcinoma (cancer that forms in the center of the kidney where urine collects). It also includes Wilms tumor, which is a type of kidney cancer that usually develops in children under the age of 5.

Cancer that forms in the tissues of the colon (the longest part of the large intestine). Most colon cancers are adenocarcinomas (cancers that begin in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids).

Cancer that forms in the tissues of the rectum (the last several inches of the large intestine closest to the anus).

Cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum).

Cancer that forms in tissues of the bladder (the organ that stores urine). Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in cells that normally make up the inner lining of the bladder).