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edabou

Reinventing Discovery | Michael Nielsen - 0 views

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    Reinventing Discovery by Michael Nielsen on October 9, 2011 I'm very excited to say that my new book, "Reinventing Discovery: The New Era of Networked Science", has just been released! The book is about networked science: the use of online tools to transform the way science is done. In the book I make the case that networked science has the potential to dramatically speed up the rate of scientific discovery, not just in one field, but across all of science. Furthermore, it won't just speed up discovery, but will actually amplify our collective intelligence, expanding the range of scientific problems which can be attacked at all.
edabou

The Future of Science | Michael Nielsen - 0 views

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    Why were Hooke, Newton, and their contemporaries so secretive? In fact, up until this time discoveries were routinely kept secret. Alchemists intent on converting lead into gold or finding the secret of eternal youth would often take their discoveries with them to their graves. A secretive culture of discovery was a natural consequence of a society in which there was often little personal gain in sharing discoveries.
Harry Sahyoun

Collective Knowledge Systems: Where the Social Web meets the Semantic Web - 1 views

  • Collective Knowledge Systems: Where the Social Web meets the Semantic Web
  • What can happen if we combine the best ideas from the Social Web and Semantic Web?
  • The Vision of Collective Intelligence
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  • The Social Web is represented by a class of web sites and applications in which user participation is the primary driver of value.
  • Collective intelligence is a grand vision, one to which I subscribe.  However, I would call the current state of the Social Web something else: collected intelligence.   That is, the value of these user contributions is in their being collected together and aggregated into community- or domain-specific sites
  • The grand challenge is to boost the collective IQ of organizations and of society
  • With the rise of the Social Web, we now have millions of humans offering their knowledge online, which means that the information is stored, searchable, and easily shared.  The challenge for the next generation of the Social and Semantic Webs is to find the right match between what is put online and methods for doing useful reasoning with the data.  True collective intelligence can emerge if the data collected from all those people is aggregated and recombined to create new knowledge and new ways of learning that individual humans cannot do by themselves.
  • Technology can augment the discovery and creation of knowledge. For instance, some drug discovery approaches embody a system for learning from models and data that are extracted from published papers and associated datasets.  By assembling large databases of known entities relevant to human biology, researchers can run computations that generate and test hypotheses about possible new therapeutic agents.
  • The first approach is to expose the structured data that already underlies the unstructured web pages.  An obvious technique is for the site builder, who is generating unstructured web pages from a database, to expose the structured data in those pages using standard formats.
  • the second approach, to extract structured data from unstructured user contributions [2] [28] [39] .  It is possible to do a reasonable job at identifying people, companies, and other entities with proper names, products, instances of relations you are interested in (e.g., person joining a company) [1] [7] , or instances of questions being asked [24] . There also techniques for pulling out candidates to use as classes and relations, although these are a bit noisier than the directed pattern matching algorithms [8] [23]  [31] [32] [36] [38] [42]
  • Tomorrow, the web will be understood as an active human-computer system, and we will learn by telling it what we are interested in, asking it what we collectively know, and using it to apply our collective knowledge to address our collective needs.
  • The third approach is to capture structured data on the way into the system.  The straightforward technique is to give users tools for structuring their data, such as ways of adding structured fields and making class hierarchies.
  • In a sense, the TagCommons project is attempting to create a platform for interoperability of social web data on the Semantic Web that is akin to the "mash-up" ecology that is celebrated in Web 2.0.
  • An example of how a system might apply some of these ideas is RealTravel.  RealTravel is an example of "Web 2.0 for travel".  It attracts travelers to share their experiences: sharing their itineraries, stories, photographs, where they stayed, what they did, and their recommendations for fellow travelers.  Writers think of RealTravel as a great platform to share their experiences -- a blog site that caters to this domain.  People who are planning travel use the site as a source of information to research their trip,
  • The collection of tags for a site is called the folksonomy, which is useful data about collective interests.
  • like many Web 2.0 sites, combines these structured dimensions to order the unstructured content.  For example, one can find all the travel blogs about diving, sorted by rating.  In fact, the site combines all of the structured dimensions into a matrix, which offers the user a way to "pivot browse" along any dimension from any point in the matrix.
  • This paper argues that the Social Web and the Semantic Web should be combined, and that collective knowledge systems are the "killer applications" of this integration.  The keys to getting the most from collective knowledge systems, toward true collective intelligence, are tightly integrating user-contributed content and machine-gathered data, and harvesting the knowledge from this combination of unstructured and structured information.
  • Structured and unstructured, formal and informal -- these are not new dimensions.  They are typically considered poles of a continuum.
  • We are beginning to see companies launching services under the banner of Web 3.0 [25] that aim explicitly at collective intelligence.  For instance, MetaWeb [35] is collecting a commons of integrated, structured data in a social web manner, and Radar Networks [25] is applying semantic web technologies to enrich the applications and data of the social web.
  • The other major area where Semantic Web can help achieve the vision of collective intelligence is in the area of interoperability.  If the world's knowledge is to be found on the Web, then we should be able to use it to answer questions, retrieve facts, solve problems, and explore possibilities. 
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      Folksonomies_Semantic_Collectivities Web2_To_Web3
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    Technology can augment the discovery and creation of knowledge. For instance, some drug discovery approaches embody a system for learning from models and data that are extracted from published papers and associated datasets. By assembling large databases of known entities relevant to human biology, researchers can run computations that generate and test hypotheses about possible new therapeutic agents
Harry Sahyoun

Folksonomies et communautés de partage de signets Vers de nouvelles st... - 1 views

  • Les folksonomies peuvent constituer une alternative aux moteurs de recherche en permettant la construction de parcours et la mise en réseau d'informations mais aussi de personnes.
  • Pour beaucoup d’usagers, la recherche d’information est devenue synonyme de moteur de recherche voire de  « googlisation ». Cependant il existe désormais des alternatives à ce quasi monopole via notamment les folksonomies, mot composé par Thomas Vander Wal à partir de folk et de taxonomy et qui définit la possibilité offerte à l’usager d’ajouter des mots-clés à des ressources. Leurs stratégies de recherche diffèrent de la traditionnelle médiation des moteurs. Nous nous sommes interrogés sur la pertinence des folksonomies et leur intérêt réel dans le cas de la recherche d’information. En effet, la démarche « folksonomique » diffère de la simple requête et suppose d’autres habiletés. Cette analyse s’inscrit dans nos recherches sur les habiletés informationnelles ( information literacy ) Nos travaux sur ces nouveaux modes de partage et recherche d’informations s’appuient sur de nombreux tests des différentes plateformes permettant l’intégration de mots-clés qualifiés de tags. Nous nous sommes tout particulièrement ici appuyés sur les systèmes de partages de signets parfois appelés « marque-pages sociaux », voire signets sociaux (social bookmarks). Nous avons pu d’ailleurs constater que les différents sites d’intégration de favoris ont veillé à l’interopérabilité de leur système le plus souvent en utilisant le format xml. Une possibilité qui n’était pas offerte sur tous les sites il y a encore un an
  • Faut-il pour autant voir dans ces systèmes un concurrent  potentiel des moteurs ? Nous songeons plutôt à les considérer comme des alternatives au sens de cheminements de recherche différents qui nécessitent une construction et non une logique de push
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  • Les moteurs de recherche manquent souvent de pertinence du fait qu’ils reposent sur un tri effectué par un robot. Les folksonomies reposent quant à elles sur une médiation humaine, il est vrai imparfaite.
  • Il est possible d’identifier des « folksonomistes » que l’usager perçoit comme référence ce qui permet facilement ainsi de réaliser de la veille collaborative.
  •  " Combien vous vous trompez, mortels, en voyant dans ce trompeur édifice une tromperie qui veut vous égarer (…) Même si les chemins sont parfois parsemés d’embûches et semblent constituer de mauvaises directions, les folksonomies sont plus fidèles au cheminement hypertextuel. Cependant elles nécessitent un apprentissage voire une tag literacy
  • la participation à des groupes thématiques de veille ou tout au moins à une volonté de mettre ses découvertes à disposition des autres.
  • Trailfire[8]qui permet à l’usager de créer des parcours de sites web avec annotations inclues sur la page. Chaque parcours recevant un tag. Les possibilités pédagogiques sont ici assez évidentes puisque cette technologie permet l’insertion de billets explicatifs ou de commentaires à n’importe quel endroit de la page.
  • Les folksonomies sont parfois critiquées du fait que tous les folksonomistes ne sont pas tous des « gentlemen »
  • Les communautés virtuelles pour ne pas les nommer « collèges invisibles » devenant ainsi le socle des folskonomies
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      folksonomies_Désintermédiarisation_alternative_moteurs_Par_personnes
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    Technology can augment the discovery and creation of knowledge. For instance, some drug discovery approaches embody a system for learning from models and data that are extracted from published papers and associated datasets. By assembling large databases of known entities relevant to human biology, researchers can run computations that generate and test hypotheses about possible new therapeutic agents
0000 0000 Sébastien D.

Convert Curiosity Into Customers | Social Media Today - 1 views

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    "We all know at any one point in time, there are millions of people searching, learning and sharing content online. When prospects are in this 'early discovery' phase, their minds are at their most open to connecting and receiving guidance from industry influencers like you! Here is a sure-fire strategy to catch these curious researchers at the perfect time, bring them into your network of influence, and mould them into prospects that are ready to buy."
mabeltv

7 Content Discovery and Keyword Research Tools to Help Boost Your Marketing Efforts | S... - 0 views

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    "Effective content research involves identifying the right keywords, topics, content formats and marketing channels for your content. Each of those objectives can be accomplished by using handy content research tools."
shatzyshell

Digital shift manifesto - Research Libraries UK - 1 views

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    "The digital shift [for research libraries] will present new opportunities for collaborative approaches to the acquisition, management, and discovery of collections, whilst requiring that they be visible, open, inclusive, and re-usable." Pour ceux qui, comme moi, se destinent à un avenir dans les bibliothèques, ce manifeste présente les nouveaux paradigmes du métier qui est voué à changer.
Valerie Normand

The Shape of Code » Source code discovery, skipping over the legal complications - 0 views

  • Sometimes the code interfaces to a proprietary interface format that the company wants to keep secret, or uses some formula that required a lot of R&D (management gets very upset when told that ‘secret’ formula can be reverse engineered from the executable code).
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    La complexité des informations confidentielles des sources disponibles sur le Web sans consentement
phfle1

Facebook's Steve Hatch: The algorithm is king, but people still set the rules - 0 views

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    Il ne faut pas oublier que ce sont des algorithmes qui "décident" ce qui apparaîtra sur notre page Facebook, par exemple. Toutefois, ces algorithmes sont conçus par l'homme
f_giroux

National Aeronautics and Space Administration - 5 views

shared by f_giroux on 29 Sep 15 - Cached
f_giroux liked it
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    NASA.gov brings you the latest news, images and videos from America's space agency, pioneering the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research.
anonymous

Microsoft Word - HT06 Cameron 060611.doc - Hypertext2006.pdf - 0 views

  • Despite these individual contributions (which we will revisit in more detail in Section 2), to fully understand tagging systems we believe a holistic approach is necessary. Walker [24] describes tagging as “feral hypertext”, a structure out of control, where the same tag is assigned to different resources with different semantic senses, and thus associates otherwise unrelated resources. However, by considering the entire model, computer systems could make inferences that “domesticate” (to use Walker’s terms) these “feral” tags. For example, tag semantics and synonyms could potentially be inferred by analyzing the structure of the social network, and identifying certain portions of the network that use certain tags for the same resource, or related resources, interchangeably. These tags may be synonymous
  • Different designs and user incentives can have a major influence on the usefulness of information for various purposes and applications, and in a reciprocal fashion, on how users appropriate and utilize these systems. The design of the system may solicit tagging useful for discovery, retrieval, remembrance, social interaction, or possibly, all of the above
  • Other likely explanations for the observed correlation between social connection and common tag usage may be found in the descriptive categories of sociolinguistics which studies how different geographic and social formations structure the coherence and diffusion of semantic and syntactic structures in various ”lects” within a larger sociolinguistic system. Some of these example lects include: dialect (a lect used by a geographicallydefined community); sociolect (a lect used by a socially defined community); ethnolect (a lect spoken by a particular ethnic group); ecolect (a lect spoken within a household or family); and idiolect (a lect particular to a certain person). If we conceptualize social tagging systems within the theoretical frame of sociolinguistics, these and other “lects” seem especially applicable to understanding and classifying the apparent isomorphism between social and linguistic structures we observed in Flickr. The structures, changes, and diffusion within and amongst various “lects” in social tagging systems will likely have similar patterns to those found in social network analyses and in sociolinguistic language maps.
jlecot

J-B's web2.0 discoveries - 1 views

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    Mon blogue sur blogger
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