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Doping With Muscle-Building Drugs: FAQ Why Athletes Risk Using Human Growth Hormone, Anabolic Steroids July 13, 2012 -- As in previous years, the 2012 Olympics likely will be marred by at least one doping scandal, experts predict. Many athletes abuse human growth hormone and/or steroids to build muscle and strength.

Quite simply, cognition refers to thinking. There are the obvious applications of conscious reasoning-doing taxes, playing chess, deconstructing Macbeth -but thought takes many subtler forms, such as interpreting sensory input, guiding physical actions, and empathizing with others. The old metaphor for human cognition was the computer-a logical information-processing machine.

I'd like you to take a moment to experience the following sentence, taken from a recent article exploring the nature of human consciousness: "Neuroplastic mechanisms relevant to the growing number of empirical studies of the capacity of directed attention and mental effort systematically alter brain function." Exciting? Hardly!

Whether you know it or not, you will sell something today. "We are all in sales," insists Daniel Pink, author of To Sell Is Human -whether it's talking up your skills to get a promotion, convincing your kids of the merits of a new bedtime routine, or proving your romantic virtues to a possible partner.