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A negative externality is a cost incurred by a comapny or a party that did not agree to whatever action caused the extra cost. This article discusses the negative externalities that we incur when we use fossil fuels etc. The cost of production and damage caused by the use of fossil fuels is not included in the price we pay for 1 gallon of gasoline. This is the negative externality. A lot of the government involvement in the private sectors is actually aimed at reducing such negative exteranlities concerned with environmental pollution. Several companies also try to reduce externalities by introducing policies. For example, SAP AG has policies that its employees cannot buy cars that have carbon emissions beyond a certain limit.

Your article is very interesting. In the end the writer talks about the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, two weeks ago or something like that I read that BP (they were the owners of the deepwater Horizon) will pay $4.5 billion in fines and other payments, the largest of its kind in US history. It is a lot of money but how can we estimate the value of million animal life's and the destruction of a big part of the Gulf of Mexico. The worst is that we could avoid it because the BP company saved money in the security systems in these Deepwater. I think that after this disaster the government should check all the deepwaters in order to reduce the possibilities of new cases.

A negative externality is an action of a product on consumers that imposes a negative side effect on a third party. Many negative externalities are related to the environmental consequences of production and use. for example the emmisions of green house gases. in this article it explains that when i company creates negative externalities neither the company nor the consumer pays for them so there the government has to step in to stop it by ptting regulations which increases the cost of the comapanies decreasing the negative externalities. but national companies complain because they say if regulations are set they cant compete with international firms like in china where there are no regulations for fuel negative externalities. for example a negative externality was the gulf of mexico oil spill where BP oil prices didnt rise to clean up the mess but the taxes did

The author of this article, Dennis Dugan, brings up many valid points as to how Wal Mart is a market failiure and how they have many negative externalities. He says one of the negative externalities they have is that because of the low wages they pay their employees, this has increased the need for publicly funded social services. I found this article very intriguing.

I like this article about Wallmart due to me not knowing this about the firm and also it clearly states why Wallmart is a market failure by buy products at very low prices causing enviromental destruction and very low wages for the workers of their supplier. What Wallmart really should do is try to find a way where they benefit their suppliers and less enviromental damage. They could do this by buy their products a little bit more expensive resulting in them having less of a profit but helping the third parties affected.

It is interesting to note that economists put the blame of climate problems on economic market failure. One of the externalities responsible they say is the ' greenhouse gas negative externality'. it is considered a negative externality because the effects of the activities are not felt by the people who conduct these activities but by future generations. So a different party feels the effect which defines an externality.

In this article author talks about the economical influence of immigrant, the burden they bring to the taxpayers and the way one of the leading economists Gordon Haston proposes to solve that problem. So the Haston's idea is to impose taxes on employer for hiring immigrants, thus burden would be on employers and it would ease up the political opposition for immigration, and regular people's taxes will be lower. But in this way the employment of low-skilled immigrants is generating an externality, and that the employer who make up one side of these exchanges are not internalizing the cost of this externality. So the question is who's supposed to pay for immigrants? That question causes the huge discussions in political life of countries, especially this year during the election in US. A lot of people were arguing whether they choose Barack Obama who helps poor people, or to decrease the amount of money they get and choose Romney. It's an important question for any family that pays tax, so I choose that article.

This article basically analyzes the positive and negative externalities of the Gulf Oil Spill. It explains pretty clearly the externality concept and brings up some points which are the loss of the production and the gain for the third party as well. Also, the writer states the reason why the spill happened.

The NHL (national hockey league) is locked out and the whole season is in jeopardy as players and the owners are fighting over who gets the bigger pie of the 3.3 billion in revenue per year. The negative externality resulting from this is that the fans of NHL is left out and may not see a single game until the talks are resolved.

There was a similar case with NBA last year . This is the problem with the sport nowadays, the teams, the athletes and other players are trying to earn more and more money. The sportsmanship is disappearing, there no place for great athletes, for example Lance Armstrong, he was a great racing cyclist, an example of hard work, he had millions of funs and now we know that he was the best .... cheater. In Spain there is a problem now with the TV rights, the main clubs (Real Madrid y Barcelona) are earning the biggest part of television transmissions of the BBVA league (about 70 millions) and the rest of the clubs earn from 2 to 35 million (5-8 clubs are in state of bankruptcy). Nobody thinks that the fans are the most harmed (It is a negative externality).

Negative externality happens when firms or individuals do not have to pay the whole cost when making decisions. The costs are passed on to society. This article talks about an Italian's ILVA steel plant plans to suspend its operations as it has received several warrants as a result of the pollution it has produced over the years. Some parts have been closed due to damaged environmental reports which show high cancer rates. The suspension has affect 7,000 ILYA jobs and thousands more in the steel sector. This relates to negative externality as firms choose to pump pollutants into the air, affecting people's health and environmental problems. Although the firm needs to pay for electricity, resources, etc., but the people living around the area needs to pay for health expenses and causing them poorer quality of life. Firms choose to pump pollutants into the air since it's obviously much cheaper than finding an advanced machin. This is also the cost the the firms do not have to pay.

Pollution from the Motiva refinery in Norco, Louisiana has been a major pollutant in the region since 2005, and it doesn't show signs of stopping. There have been 301 reported cases of accidents in 2011 and many more unreported. The firm may be only concerned with its marginal private costs and have no intention in even dealing with the marginal social costs caused by the negative externality. The government must intervene and cease this crime; the injustice towards its community, society and the environment.

I didn't heard about this case before. I find it ironic because USA with their great judiciary don't have methods to fight with companies like Motiva. We can ask ourselves who is worst a murderer who kills one person and is sentenced to death or a company who is killing hundreds of humans beings. The oil is very important in our live, we need it every day but we must ask as where is the limit? what is more important a human being or using a car? We have to eliminate negative externalities like pollution because if we don't do anything then we will destroy the world because we have infinite wants (this is the sad reality).

this article talks about if we are going to have carbon tax as the increasing of using resource such like fuel by the companies, and the companies made a lot of pollution, it give us a negative externality as a whole. all the people on earth has a bad effect by the pollution, increasing of the carbon is one of the thing companies made, in order to stop companies from keeping producing carbon, let's think about put the carbon tax.

i really like this article as it focuses on the fact of global warming. Also its a new point of view to stop Global warming which could be very effective as they would raise alot of money, to use in the further research of non polutent enegery sources. What they havent realised in this article that Methan has a ration 20:1 to carbon in the field of damage causing global warming and although you dont think there is a lot of methane in the world there is. Every decomposing organic material releases methane and just think about all those decomposing plant matter at the bottom of dams with a huge accumulation of methan waiting to be released.

i really like this article as it focuses on the fact of global warming. Also its a new point of view to stop Global warming which could be very effective as they would raise alot of money, to use in the further research of non polutent enegery sources. What they havent realised in this article that Methan has a ration 20:1 to carbon in the field of damage causing global warming and although you dont think there is a lot of methane in the world there is. Every decomposing organic material releases methane and just think about all those decomposing plant matter at the bottom of dams with a huge accumulation of methan waiting to be released.

Scientists in Alberta have found evidence that oilsand operations have been sending toxins into the atmosphere for decades. Also, levels of toxins in Namur Lake have tripled since 1960. Critics have raised serious concern over the rising pollution in our atmosphere and lakes. This relates to our lesson for the week because the atmospher and lakes are common access resources. They are open to the common. These resources are becoming depleted because of the overuse of these resources.

It is a very interesting article because it is a very recent theme. In the last week I read that the soot is three times more polluting than the scientist though. It is a very good example of negative externality of production. The toxins in the atmosphere are negative externalities for third parties. The company will produce at q1 concerned in their own cost. The MSC is higher than the MPC and there is a welfare lost from Q1 to the equilibrium point. I think that commons must be protected and to achieve it the government must intervene to save the atmosphere and the lakes because it is our planet and we must save it.

This article describes how the recession, the fall of GDP growth in the business cycle, affects not only the economy of one country, but also external economies will be affected and leads to negative externalities.

This article is about how the current recession is affecting the business cycle. It has had a toll on not only firms and businesses, but also on non profit organizations such as charities working in Africa. Currently, I would say that the business cycle is in one of the 'trough' points. This is because of the ensuing recession. However due to this, funds going to charities are now being cut off.

I think this is a very interesting article because you do not often hear about charities threatened by recession.

This article explains how liquor outlets have negative externalities of production - on average the number of serious violent crimes doubled once you got within 900m of a liquor outlet. The more liquor stores an area had, the more likely it was to have a higher rate of serious violent crimes, regardless of poverty and other factors. This poses serious risks to citizens as they could be subjected to harm and danger. Many people have now said communities should have fewer stores that are licensed to sell alcohol. This would not benefit store owner as they make major profits from selling alcoholic beverages but it could possibly aid to ensure safety in a neighborhood.

The ocean is one example of a common access ground. It's not exactly owned by anyone. The ocean is being explored more and more everyday. One way is through fisheries. The rapid increase in demand for fishes has led to the sudden decline of the fish populations. Take Bluefin tuna as an example. The increase in demand for tuna sushi has led to a huge depletion worldwide for the past 15 years. This has also led to an increase in price as the populations are becoming more rare. A Bluefin tuna once sold for more than £1m at a Tokyo auction. It is said that most of the tuna caught are shipped to Japan for consumption. Since the ocean has international access, coming up with regulations need to be communicated among many countries. 48 member nations of International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic came out and voted to maintain strict catch quotas. This relates to the tragedy of the common. Anyone can access the ocean and catch as much fishes as they like. They only take into account the money they can gain from catching more tunas. This shows a lack of consideration of the generation where some are only concerned about themselves. Without strict regulations, the population of tunas may become extinct in the near future.

It is a very interesting article because many people doesn´t know about the problem with the fish population. We are depleting all the oceans and we don´t think about the consequence of our acts. The problem is that we are really selfish because no one care about the future generation. We will leave them a completely depleted world (this idea is very present in the film Avatar) However it is very difficult to control the people from capturing too many or too small fishes or other animals. It is a tragedy of commons because it is the depletion of a shared resource by individuals, acting independently and rationally according to each one's self-interest, despite their understanding that depleting the common resource is contrary to the group's long-term best interests.