Turkey has received an urban explosion that developed it's nations from a musty barren land to a trans-global hub. The technology has advanced, transportation, the environment is clearer as pollution levels have gone down. This was not something done overnight, Turkey had started implementing policies since the 1980s such as gecekondu. Today cities can produce their own revenues, have elected officials, and make their own deals with foreign nations. Yes, the standard of living and income has increased but there are disadvantages with this in the sense that the roads are congested. Less public transportation use. They have also been privatizing public areas which most citizens disagree was they areas are symbolic.

Developing economies have been trying to figure out what makes them so behind and the answer came out to be education. But education type can't be the same world wide as each place is the same and so are the focuses on the lucrative sectors ( some could be agriculture some manufacture). In one Indian village although the school had to show government they were keeping up with it's regulations they didn't have to show the parents so for five years parents would keep their kids from farm lands and let them go to school only to find out there was no change. Places like this would not benefit from education types such as that in the U.S they need one that conforms to their own styles. In Brazil another school enabled a method that the money follows the child, because if a teacher has no interest in children it doesn't matter how much you pay them the quality of education will not increase. Once the Brazilian school figured that out they were able to increase quality of education and score highest in PISA maths test 2003-2012. Economic development in education is all about quality and quantity of education; quality of the institution, teachers etc.

China is known for being a very populous state and the leading commodity producer, as a matter of fact American trade with China is considered one of the largest trading markets. So it would be expected that China's depreciation is affecting so many countries. The Mexican peso dropped by 1.1%, and the Colombian peso by 1.3% . This means their the amount of Chinese money that could be exchanged with just one of that country's peso has decreased. Economists are blaming it on falling oil prices and weak economic data. This was foreseen depreciation was foreseen as oil demand was already decreasing and investments into China were low so as preparation Colombia has raised its lending rate. This could work and help combat the inflation that has been caused because it would influence trade and investments. This is all in hopes that the exchange rate will rise again.

Chinese policy makers create barriers during trade and the US retaliates with their own just like how it was emphasized in this week's reading. One of he negatives of protectionism can destroy trading relations because countries might enact their own barriers. This practice is usually looked down upon by the WTO but the US had asked for an exception. Americans say this is because Beijing identifies as a nonmarket economy but in fact just because their policy makers make decisions based on production and consumer demand doesn't necessarily mean they are nonmarket. China being influenced by the WTO gives them an unfair advantage and can have a negative impact on US trade and investment in China.

GDP growth starts here. I chose this article because of one of the TOK questions we had this week it brings up education. Well this article talks about how education can lead to economic growth in many different ways. It doesn't just build up one sector it affects multiple, an interview has shown that people will need more than a high school education if they want to find a suitable job. If education standards increase so do income, technology , jobs all leading to an economic growth and I feel that this is actually even better because since it creates new things there is not chance of people losing jobs so employment is not at risk and as for inflation it will increase in the short run but level off.This research was done by Wössmann.

Economists had predicted that the US would add thousands of jobs t the economy but only 142,000 were adding falling a bit short the unemployment rate start 5.1%. Businesses are continuously adding new jobs but at a cautious pace. However .labour rate participation has gone down which is bad but so has part time workers except this one is a good sign because it means more people are finding full time jobs. Sectors like healthcare, information, retail, and businesses have received a growth and are now creating more available jobs. Mining however has gone down ( this could be structural unemployment).

From this week's reading we learned that aggregate demands boost jobs because produce will need to be increased in order to meet these demands, however this article shows that aggregate demand is high yet job rate is low, so it could maybe be used to battle the accuracy of the Keynesian model economics. One of the reason why they feel aggregate demand is not a good indicator because it doesn't include even the smallest industries like those that make pencils.

This article although an opinion piece is made up of many subtitles, the one I chose to focus on is Roosting chickens and Fed Bashing, It talks about how Druckenmiller keeps predicting economic dooms due to rising interest rates since he closed his business. Personally I feel this is like the quote we got that says, "looking at statistics...to save himself from having ignorance foisted on him", this article is about Krugman using his on look on statistics to see if Druckenmiller's predictions are accurate since some can say they were and others can say they weren't. Krugman gathers his knowledge from past experiences with 2008 crash and The Great Depression; with my own knowledge of the Great Depression and things that contributed to it's solution this drives me to say that government intervention and spending are what's needed to fluctuate the economy ( hence why people argue WWII was the real solution to the Depression due to it's massive spending).

To battle China's decreasing economy government has decided to increase it's tourism sector hoping the increased revenue can help the economy as well as boost domestic spending. If society itself does not spend how is it expected to generate profit. However in order to make sure tourists know of the new sector they are creating advertisement would have to be paid for or else there could rise the possibility of a market failure that occurs with positive externality of production

One of the main things we talked about or that stood out to me was how the income of the indivisible affected demand of a good and it seems we all came to a consensus that luxury goods are most affected by changes in income. In the article a BMW car company speaks out it's total revenue has been decreasing as the economy is slowing down . Over the past 5 years China has been experiencing periods of economic downturn and car sales were declining drastically people were even canceling orders, however, increased government action led to a period of economic growth in the third year which increased sales by 4% or so. But things slowed down again this year and Song ( an owner of the company ) talked about how he had to cut prices even further from 4%- 20% just to increase consumer demand even though it only made a slight difference because people's income have decreased they can't spend as much money as they used to on luxury products such as BMW cars or multiple cars, they are now focused on saving money.

Dairy prices have seen a drop lately because of high demand farmers increased the number of cows that produce milk, then again dairy is a primary product and as we learned this week, there is only so much a population can consume of a primary good, and too much supply with an un-proportional demand calls for a decrease in price in order to form another equilibrium.Although the PED for milk is inelastic, it's still a limited primary good and the supply of this having increased creates high PEs especially since season does not affect cows.

The price of coffee has been going up and will keep at it but this doesn't seem to affect demand as demand is still increasing. Now quality is not affected by price. These can be based on the fact that the product is addictive and not many substitutes will suffice. Some even think of it as a ritual every morning.

This article focuses mainly on opportunity course. It's been established that opportunity cost is the cost of doing something rather than another. In this case the author focused on a student's decision to attend college and for how long. At least everyone has been through the phase where they looked at the price it costs to go to college but few go deep into things such as life, transport etc. There are others who decide to take a year off and travel; the opportunity cost in this is the education they could've been getting so they could stay on track and the money they wasted to travel which they could have used to further their studies or life needs. The author brought up a book by Laurence Kotlikoff in which he invented 4 kids and made them choose different life patterns. I felt this was smart because students can see how the choices they make now could impact their life later on. As expected the child who stayed in school to become a doctor made a lot of money, however, student loans and all other expenses leaves them with as much money as the next middle-poor man. Then again the other child who became a plumber and skipped college makes money but has no student debt. This is not to say that they are better off but it's just to clear the stereotype that the longer you stay in school the better off your life will be; there are many factors that play into it.