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Chinese policy makers create barriers during trade and the US retaliates with their own just like how it was emphasized in this week's reading. One of he negatives of protectionism can destroy trading relations because countries might enact their own barriers. This practice is usually looked down upon by the WTO but the US had asked for an exception. Americans say this is because Beijing identifies as a nonmarket economy but in fact just because their policy makers make decisions based on production and consumer demand doesn't necessarily mean they are nonmarket. China being influenced by the WTO gives them an unfair advantage and can have a negative impact on US trade and investment in China.

With Canada creating free trade policies with many countries in Europe and also South Korea. They left out a hole on trade policy with China. This is what they need to now fill. Although China's economy is not booming, they are expected to increase in GDP of 6-7%. This can be benefiting to Canada. Considering the benefits Australia is having, after the relations with China. Australia and Canada have similar government policies.

The US trade deficit (current account deficit) grew again in 2015, and for the first time since 2012 the credit from US exports has decreased. The article also discusses the impact of the US' high exchange rate, and the role of the US in the global economy (stimulating other economies).

In the fourth quarter, New Zealand's terms of trade declined as weaker prices for dairy and meat saw export prices falling more than import prices. The merchandise goods terms of trade fell 2% in the fourth quarter, export prices fell 5.7%, and import prices dropped 3.7%. Terms of trade measure the buying power of New Zealand's exports abroad. In the fourth quarter dairy export prices fell 13% while volumes fell 0.9% and the value of exports fell 6.7% to $2.9 billion. The average price for while miles power has dropped 18% at the four fortnight Global Dairy Trade actions this year to US$1890 as global milk supply continues to outweigh demand and weaker dairy has hit the broader economy.

The biggest trade deal in decades was struck on Monday. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) cuts trade tariffs and sets common standards in trade for 12 Pacific rim countries, including the US and Japan. It marks the end of five years of often bitter and tense negotiations.

In the final quarter of 2015, Britain's trade deficit worsened. The shortfall between exports and imports increased significantly between the first and third quarters of last year which added to concerns that Britain's worsening trade position will negatively impact GDP growth this year. Howard Archer, the chief UK economist at IHS Global Insight, said,"UK exports have clearly struggled in recent months, as they have been hampered by sterling's overall strength in 2015, particularly against the euro, and moderate global demand." While recent declines in the value of sterling may boost export sales, this could be mitigated due to the deteriorating global situation.

(India, China and Brazil...) MELBOURNE: Emerging economies like India, China and Brazil are no longer "policy takers" but are significantly influencing the pattern and scope of international trade, according to WTO Director General Pascal Lamy. "These emerging powers -- China, India, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, Malaysia, South Africa -- and many others are no longer policy takers.

Hope that spur-of-the-moment trip to Mexico last year was lots of fun. Because it's wreaking havoc on the U.S. trade balance. It all comes down to services, the part of the economy where the U.S. is the undisputed global leader. Some services-often intangible things like financial advice and royalties-are traded between countries, and in the U.S.

This article describes how the Indonesian economy swung from a deficit in balance of payments of $160 to a $50 surplus. The imports of the country fell significantly, resulting in a decrease in deficit of the balance of trade in goods and services, which has been a factor in the swing in balance of payments.

Russia and Israel are planning to ink a free trade agreement in the very near future, a Kremlin official is quoted as telling the Russian news agency TASS on Friday. According to Russia's deputy agriculture minister, Sergey Levin, discussions on the matter with his Israeli counterparts have progressed to the point where an agreement is expected to be reached.

The combined annual gross domestic product (GDP) of China and the European Union (EU) may grow by an additional US$200 billion by 2030, according to a study on the impact of a EU-China free trade agreement....

China is known for being a very populous state and the leading commodity producer, as a matter of fact American trade with China is considered one of the largest trading markets. So it would be expected that China's depreciation is affecting so many countries. The Mexican peso dropped by 1.1%, and the Colombian peso by 1.3% . This means their the amount of Chinese money that could be exchanged with just one of that country's peso has decreased. Economists are blaming it on falling oil prices and weak economic data. This was foreseen depreciation was foreseen as oil demand was already decreasing and investments into China were low so as preparation Colombia has raised its lending rate. This could work and help combat the inflation that has been caused because it would influence trade and investments. This is all in hopes that the exchange rate will rise again.

Sri Lanka's export economy suffers in Europe, so economists look for opportunities elsewhere. The largest economy near Sri Lanka is India, but trade with India has been traditionally blocked by protectionist policies. This article discusses the potential gains for Sri Lanka should it choose to do away with protectionist policies.

The country's purchasing power with the rest of the world has fallen for the second quarter in a row. The fall in price of exports is greater than the fall in price on imports

This article, published by The Atlantic on 09/25/2015, describes China's participation in the cap-and-trade Carbon Credits system designed to limit global carbon emissions. Beginning in 2017, China will have a maximum level of carbon emissions that it is allowed to produce, and will be forced to pay for exceeding it.

This article talks briefly about how commodities are traded between different places. It talks about how the goods are traded for a specific price then how "many traders use commodity futures to speculate on future price movements." in which they product will be sold on the market

India's economic growth has exceeded expectations. India's GDP increase by 7.4% which was more than expected. The manufacturing sector that needed to improve grew by 9.4% which helped increase the country's GDP. Trade, hotels and transport, broadcasting, and professional services sectors all saw increases. India's economic growth and increasing GDP shows that the country's economy is getting stronger.

It is estimated that the Indian economy will grow between 8.1% and 8.5% in the 2016 financial year. Trade, hotels and transport & communication and services related to broadcasting, financial, insurance, real estate and professional services and manufacturing have registered growth over 7%. It indicates that although India majorly focuses on primary and secondary industries such as agriculture and manufacturing , the tertiary industries such as the services industry have been largely boosting the economic development in India.

This article discusses the sugar market in the U.S. On average, U.S. consumers pay twice as much for refined sugar as the rest of the world. This is largely due to sugar policies in the United States. In America, the federal government offers loans to sugar cane and beet processors who are to pay sugar growers a minimum price set by the USDA. The idea is that processors will obtain a market price for their sugar that is sufficient to pay back the loans. However, the loans are "non-recourse," meaning that if the market price of sugar declines, processors can forfeit to the USDA the sugar they put up as collateral. In order to prevent sugar processors from offloading sugar onto the USDA and to protect processors from lower-cost foreign competition, the federal government has imposed a two tier system of tariff rate quotas. It also restricts the total amount of sugar that domestic processors can sell by setting market allotments which are designed to drive up the price by creating artificial scarcity.

Christian Wienberg illustrates how expansions and contractions have an effect on the global economy. Recently there has been a contraction, illustrated by the decrease in consumption, thus production and trade. The business cycle would suggest a recovery soon, because of lowered inflation or even deflation.