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The areticle is about the Reserve Bank of India stopped listening to lullabies of praise on its exemplary handling of monetary and exchange rate policies. The current policy keeps piling up useless reserves, offers wholly avoidable arbitrage opportunities to patriotic residents and even more patriotic non-residents, hikes interest rates, depresses growth and widens the fiscal deficit. People are raising dollar debt and not bothering to cover forward. They are confident that the rupee would either appreciate against the dollar or at least hold steady till repayment time.When dollars come into India, they have to be converted into rupees. This conversion bloats our forex reserves and injects rupees into the system. If all the rupees created as a result of dollar inflows were to be allowed to add to the money supply, that would reduce interest rates and also create the potential for inflation. So the RBI sterilises such rupee injections by selling government bonds and mopping up rupees from the system. The increased supply of government bonds brings down their price, hiking the yield. Thus, sterilisation pushes up interest rates.

This article discusses the lawsuit of Standard & Poor's, one of the largest credit ratings agencies, sued by the Justice Department of the United States. The lawsuit is over accusations that the agency unfairly tilted its ratings in favor of certain companies, thus contributing to the financial recession. However, the author of this article also discusses the oligopolistic characteristics, , of the three largest credit ratings agencies (Moody's, S&P, and Fitch) such as mimicking each other's ratings, and calls for the breaking up of these firms to correct the industry.

The article talked about the serious inflation in Iran. The government condemned international sanctions linked to the nuclear program. In March the inflation rate reached 31.5%, but the real rate might be double of that. This article shows inflation is indeed very hard to control.

This article discusses the common trade-off between unemployment and inflation. In Europe, the Central Bank is expected to lower interest rates, a monetary policy strategy, in order to aid with the current issue of low inflation and high unemployment. Decreasing interest rates has the general effect of increasing Aggregate Demand in an economy, and according to the relationship between these two aspects of macroeconomics this increase is likely to increase inflation while also reduce unemployment as real output increases.

Since our topic this week is on exchange rates i thought it would be a good time to address a topic of interest to me - virtual money. the bitcoin is accepted as a form of currency by many and from the article, we can deduce that it has a high exchange rate. A norwegian man had bout $27 worth of bitcoins which now translates to $886,000. this value and exchange rate is un-paramounted and extremely high but there are reasons for this. Bitcoins are now being used as a form of currency for illegal trading - forged documentation serving as an example. This increase in demand has lead to appreciation for the value however many countries are just starting to recognise the bitcoins currency value. many owners are just starting to accept bitcoins as a form of payment in the hopes that it can appreciate and they can sell it for more in the future. However in the article we get an understanding that the bitcoin fluctuates greatly. This detracts consumer confidence however the sheer idea of investing in virtual money is enticing to many, increasing the demand for the bitcoin.

The article is a really interesting article that explains an interesting fact about how the employment level change in developing and developed nations. It is interesting that in developed nations the unemployment level is more than developing nations. It should be the opposite because developed nations are developed in every way but developing countries are not fully developed yet they still have a lot of improvements they have to achieve as a country politically and especially economically. The average unemployment rate in OECD countries was 6.7%. During the nineties, the average unemployment rate was 7.7% in UK, 9.3% in Canada, 11.7% in Finland and 11.3% in Ireland.The countries such as UK, Finland and Ireland has lower employment rates when you compare with India which was 6-7%. But if developing countries have close to full employment why do they have greater economic misery and lower GDPs you may ask? The answer to this puzzle of full employment, yet low GDP and greater economic misery, is not quite straightforward. In developing countries is that most of them have few programmes to provide relief to the unemployed. the people in developing countries do not have the luxury to remain unemployed.They take whatever jobs they get. Most European countries are welfare states with generous unemployment insurance programmes. During recession, many people in European countries do not find it worthwhile to work at minimum wage. They accept jobs that pay less or they accept jobs in the informal market, with lower or no benefits and little protection.

Discusses exchange rate between USD, GBP and EUR

This article shows an example of how exchange rate changes can affect revenue for firms. 

Obama has mentioned that he will set a price control on the college education. With the increased price of universities and colleges, students are finding it increasingly more difficult to attend college. Therefore Obama has set out to confront this problem. He proposed to make permanent the American Opportunity tax credit. Colleges have to either lower their tuition rate or accept the fact that with higher tuition rates they will have lower funding from the governments.

This article discusses the options that Reserve Bank of India governor Duvvuri Subbarao faces regarding how to handle the current issue of slow economic growth in the country. The author argues that a lack of aggregate demand is not to blame for the economic issues, so attempting to increase demand through lower interest rates, for example, is not the correct way to go about solving the issue. Instead, he points to fundamental issues in the management of the country's economy that have led to an unstable condition.

This article is about how South Africa's inflation rate is remaining in it's target range and their rand is gaining value. 

In a large foreign bank, there are reports coming from insiders that employees manipulated foreign exchange rates. As this market isn't regulated, all claims would have to be monitored through individual interactions.

This article illustrates the relationship between the pound and the Australian dollar, as well as the pound and the New Zealand dollar. The article states that "the Pound to Australian Dollar median forecast is for 1.8300 GBP/AUD in 8 months" and the latter exchange rate is "predicted to reach 2.1200 GBP/NZD in 8 months."

NEW DELHI got caught off guard by recent appreciation of the rupee, particularly against the euro, the majority of the exporting firms surveyed by FICCI want the Reserve Bank to peg a fixed currency exchange rate. They took a cue from China, which has pegged a fixed rate of yuan against the US dollar.An overwhelming 88 per cent of the 278 exporting firms participating in the survey, said the sudden appreciation in rupee has affected their margins. They lost on account of forward contracts that were booked to hedge currency risk.

This is a fairly recent article that talks about supply side policies implemented by the new head of the "Bank of England", Mark Carney. The article mainly discusses their new strides to reach unemployment rates, which heavily involves controlling inflation and interest rates. It is interesting how it talks about how Keynesian supply side policies were not effective post war era because they let inflation spiral out of control. The author believes in Mark Carney's aggressive take on the issue as it plans to control inflation, unemployment and has a contingency plan.

This article talks about how fluctuating exchange rates might have less to do with how a country performed one year, and more to do with other countries and how those countries performed that year.

Due to a combination of factors, the value of the Euro is expected to depreciate relative to the United States Dollar in the next few days. The European Central Bank lowered its base interest rates to their lowest levels in many years due to an issue of stagflation (no growth, high inflation) which is expected to decrease the value of the currency further. Meanwhile, economic growth in the US has exceeded expectations, making it likely that the value of the Euro will fall very again very soon.

This is a great article because it discusses how aggregate demand relates to other barometers of economic health when it comes to a nation, such as the unemployment rate. 

The article is talking about the strengthening housing recovery and robust auto sales contributed to moderate growth across the United States.Employers added only 88,000 jobs in March, a sharp slowdown from average gains of 220,000 in November through February. And consumers cut back on their spending at retail stores and restaurants last month, a sign that higher Social Security taxes have made more Americans cautious about spending.Debate was about Fed policymakers about when to rein in the bond-buying program, which began last fall.The Fed is expected to stick with plans to keep short-term interest rates at record lows at least until unemployment falls to 6.5 percent. And it will likely continue purchasing $85 billion a month in Treasury and mortgage bonds to lower long-term rates and encouraging more borrowing.

This article reveals that as the cost of remaining Czech inflation rate in a low range, the consumer demand is weak and unemployment rise up. This article proved the trade-off relationship between inflation and unemployment.