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kanderson956

MRSA infection Complications - Diseases and Conditions - Mayo Clinic - 0 views

www.mayoclinic.org/...con-20024479

meningitis diseases complications conditions

shared by kanderson956 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • MRSA infections may affect your: Bloodstream Lungs Heart Bones Joints
kayanking

Community-Acquired and Healthcare-Associated MRS - 0 views

www.medscape.org/...544583

shared by kayanking on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • methicillin-sensitive S aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA)
  • community-acquired (CA-MRSA) and healthcare-associated (HA-MRSA)
  • increased mortality rate associated with MRSA
  • ...35 more annotations...
  • that has continued to grow now. It approaches 60% across the United States in many of the intensive care units (ICUs)
  • MRSA has progressed at an average rate of about 2% over the past couple of years.
  • prevalence of MRSA is highly globa
  • areas where prevalence is fairly low -- in the Netherlands less than 1% and in Canada 2.3%
  • 2 policies that both countries have
  • One is a strict search-and-destroy policy: patients from other countries and those with MRSA are isolated upon hospital admission until screening cultures for MRSA are proven negative. The second is a restrictive prescribing policy in which the defined daily dosage used per 1000 people per day in primary healthcare is around 8.9.
  • aureus was found to be the predominant pathogen in nosocomial skin and skin-structure infections
  • year 2000.
  • vancomycin, which is static, as well as some of the beta-lactamases
  • delay in appropriate treatment
  • resistant organisms lead to delays in appropriate treatment, and that delays in appropriate treatment lead to resistant organisms
  • Increased cost of MRSA
  • MRSA in the bloodstream costs about 3 times more and results in 3 times longer the length of stay
  • vancomycin has the FDA indications, with linezolid second. Daptomycin and tigecycline are approved for skin and skin-structure infections, but quinupristin-dalfopristin is not approved for complicated skin and skin-structure infections with MRSA.
  • ventilator-associated pneumonia due to MRSA
  • surgical patients with resistant gram-positive cocci showed a higher mortality rate and increased length of stay
  • we had hardly any incidence of MRSA in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s in the United States
  • higher association with MRSA than with MSSA
  • fluoroquinolones, macrolides, previous hospitalizations, enteral feeds, surgery, and the length of stay before culture are independently associated with MRSA infections.
  • CA-MRSA infections
  • infections in the community usually manifest as skin infections, such as pimples and boils
  • occur in otherwise healthy people
  • HA-MRSA patients are in long-term care facilities, have comorbidities (such as diabetes), are on dialysis, have prolonged hospitalization, and are ICU patients
  • HA-MRSA is more multidrug resistant
  • In HA-MRSA, one sees nosocomial pneumonia, catheter-related urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and skin and skin-structure infections.
  • initially resulted from a recombination event, one involving the gene encoding in existing PBP and an inducible beta-lactamase gene.
  • In terms of microbiologic cure rates at the test-of-cure visit, linezolid was also superior to vancomycin.
  • Pharmacoeconomic analysis of this comparative trial in complicated skin and skin-structure infections showed that compared with vancomycin, linezolid reduced the length of stay and duration of IV treatment by about 2 days.
  • other studies have not found this similar association.
  • Vancomycin is IV only. It is more costly -- even as a generic, based on pharmacoeconomic data -- relative to linezolid.
  • Quinupristin-dalfopristin is IV only and may cause phlebitis, requiring central line placement.
  • Linezolid is relatively new; is more expensive (on an acquisition basis) compared with vancomycin; has reversible hematologic and, with long courses, neurologic effects; and has developed some resistance, mainly in enterococcal infections, with prolonged use and with failure to remove retained foreign bodies.
  • Daptomycin is IV only; quite new; has limited indications; is also expensive, compared with vancomycin; has a muscle effect requiring monitoring of creatine phosphokinase; is inactivated by surfactants, thus obviating its use in pulmonary infections; and to date has no pharmacoeconomic data.
  • Tigecycline is IV only, very new, and has a broader spectrum than any of the other agents in that it has some gram-negative activity
  • Dalbavancin is IV only, and we need to have the official data on safety, tolerance, efficacy, indication, and pharmacoeconomics, which will probably be available later this year.
kanderson956

Causes and Symptoms of HA-MRSA - Minnesota Dept. of Health - 0 views

www.health.state.mn.us/...basics.html

meningitis minnesota dept health

shared by kanderson956 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • HA-MRSA is a type of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Much of transmission, signs and symptoms of infection, duration of illness, complications and diagnosis are the same as for Staphylococcus aureus.
  • HA-MRSA is a type of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Much of transmission, signs and symptoms of infection, duration of illness, complications and diagnosis are the same as for Staphylococcus aureus.
  • kanderson956 on 07 Sep 14
     
    Medical term name
cmathis606

MRSA Causes, Symptoms, Treatment - MRSA Infection Treatment - eMedicineHealth - 0 views

www.emedicinehealth.com/...page8_em.htm

shared by cmathis606 on 08 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Antibiotic therapy is still the mainstay of medical care for MRSA, but antibiotic therapy is complicated by MRSA's antibiotic resistance.
  • Drainage of pus is the main surgical treatment of MRSA infections. Items that can serve as sources of infection (tampons, intravenous lines) should be removed.
  • The majority of serious MRSA infections are treated with two or more intravenous antibiotics that, in combination, often still are effective against MRSA
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Unfortunately, patients can still die from MRSA infection, even with appropriate antibiotic therapy, if the infection overwhelms the patient's defense mechanisms (immune system)
abrown844

MRSA and Other Hospital Acquired Infections: Reducing Your Risks - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...infections-reducing-your-risks

shared by abrown844 on 02 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Before surgery, ask if you will need antibiotics.
  • Before surgery, ask how hair will be removed at the surgical site
  • Ask everyone -- including doctors and nurses -- to wash their hands
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Tell family members to stay away if they're sick
  • Know the signs of infection.
  • s of viruses and bacteria, and infection is a common complication after surgery. 
  • Hospitals are hotbed
  • don't just assume you're getting antibiotics: ask if you are. If you aren't, ask why. 
    • abrown844
      abrown844 on 10 Sep 14
       
      If you don't ask questions, you will never know what is going on. Not all doctors inform you about what they are preparing to do before they do it.
  • CDC recommends that if hair is removed it should be done immediately before surgery.
    • abrown844
      abrown844 on 10 Sep 14
       
      Shaving the night before can cause skin infections.
  • "It's your health," says Peter B. Angood, MD, co-director, International Center for Patient Safety, "so you need to make sure that health care providers are washing their hands and protecting you."
    • abrown844
      abrown844 on 10 Sep 14
       
      Don't be afraid to reassure you health; your body, your rules.
  • Before you're discharged, make sure you understand what to watch for. How will you know if your incision is getting infected? What will it look like? How will it feel? If you don't know these things, you might assume that dangerous signs of a hospital-acquired infection are just normal postoperative pain.
    • abrown844
      abrown844 on 10 Sep 14
       
      Stay well informed and aware.
arytman716

MRSA Symptoms, Facts, Risk And Prevention - 0 views

www.medical1stop.com/toms-facts-risk-and-prevention

MRSA HSA Challenge1

shared by arytman716 on 11 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • MRSA Symptoms, Facts, Risk And Prevention
  • MRSA stands for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  • It is transmitted between patients by contact with the skin or clothing of an infected person, and can also be contracted by coming into contact with a particular area where the sufferer has been
  • ...29 more annotations...
  • many strains of MRSA
  • often associated with hospitals and other medical institutions
  • MRSA symptoms
  • Symptoms
  • Boils and abscesses Impetigo Cellulitis Sty – an infection around the eye Carbuncles and rashes
  • It is important to understand that, while MRSA begins as a skin infection, it spreads easily to other parts of the body; in fact, it can affect just about any of the vital organs.
  • MRSA can be transmitted from the skin or clothing of an infected person, or by contact with chairs, benches, other furniture and utensils that have been used by one.
  • Facts
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a highly resistant bacteria that is surprisingly common
  • There are two main types of MRSA: CA-MRSA which stands for ‘community or commonly acquired’ and HA-MRSA, meaning ‘hospital acquired’; the first type is not associated with a health care issue, the second is acquired in a hospital or other health care institute.
  • When the bacteria attacks the organs – and it can be found in any organ in the body – it can cause a number of potentially fatal problems, including: endocarditis
  • resistant to multiple antibiotics.
  • best prevention method is attention to personal hygiene.
  • Fever and chills Headaches Shortness of breath Low blood pressure Pains in the joints
  • Methicillin, a common antibiotic used in many instances, was proven to be useless against the MRSA bacteria, and it has since evolved to become resistant to many more of the most advances antibiotics we know of. It is important to explain that MRSA is not a virus; it is a bacterial infection. It is a common bacteria that occurs across the world, and it is very difficult to estimate the numbers of people who have died from complications brought about by MRSA.
  • Prevention
  • of MRSA is
  • important
  • prevention
  • Avoid direct contact with known patients, their clothes and their direct environment Treat and protect any cuts or bruises properly Wash hands with soap and water after contact with others, and use antiseptic wipes where possible In hospitals, use the antiseptic wash facilities when entering or leaving a ward Keep a rigorous hygiene regime at all times
  • Prognosis
  • Estimates have put the mortality rate in MRSA patients at somewhere between four and 10%; the numbers of patients suffering from the infection ranks at millions at any one time across the world.
  • What Is MRSA?
  • kidney and lung infections, necrotizing faciitis, sepsis, and many more diseases of the organs. This is why it is vital that early
  • diagnosis is made.
  • MRSA And Pregnancy
  • absolutely essential that pregnant women consult their doctor should they suspect they have MRSA, or if they are known carriers
  • of the infection
  • here are certain creams that can be used by pregnant women to help with the skin infection, and a doctor will help you find the right one.
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