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Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

MPAA Secretly Settled With Hotfile for $4 Million, Not $80 Million | TorrentFreak - 0 views

torrentfreak.com/le-4-million-80-million-141224

hotfile MPAA settle millions less why yup secretly tricky Intellectual Property enforcement

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 25 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 25 Dec 14
     
    [# ! Is this the exemplary IP Enforcement aimed to 'Save The Culture'...? # It seems more a weird #wangle... # ... or, perhaps, it is that a bunch of bucks is what matters.... # ! #artists and #creators shouldn't support such #hoax.] " By Ernesto on December 24, 2014 C: 0 Breaking Last December the MPAA announced one of its biggest victories to date. The Hollywood group won its case against file-hosting site Hotfile, who agreed to a $80 million settlement. However, this figure mostly served to impress and scare the pubic, as we can now reveal that Hotfile agreed to pay 'only' $4 million." [# ! Yup! Why "#secretly"...?]
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 25 Dec 14
     
    [# ! '#Tricky' IP #enforcement...] " By Ernesto on December 24, 2014 C: 0 Breaking Last December the MPAA announced one of its biggest victories to date. The Hollywood group won its case against file-hosting site Hotfile, who agreed to a $80 million settlement. However, this figure mostly served to impress and scare the pubic, as we can now reveal that Hotfile agreed to pay 'only' $4 million." [# ! Yup! Why "#secretly"...?]
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

Thunderclap: Break the corruption chain December 9, 2014 - 1 views

www.thunderclap.it/...875-break-the-corruption-chain

break corruption chain join thunderclap UNODC UNDP December 9 2014

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 04 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 04 Dec 14
     
    ""Join UNODC & UNDP and 'Break the corruption chain' on 9 December: #breakthechain. http://anticorruptionday.org "
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 04 Dec 14
     
    ""Join UNODC & UNDP and 'Break the corruption chain' on 9 December: #breakthechain. http://anticorruptionday.org "
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

Net Neutrality: EU Parliament Must Amend Kroes' Dangerous Proposal | La Quadrature du Net - 1 views

www.laquadrature.net/...amend-kroes-dangerous-proposal

net neutrality parliament must amend Kroes proposal principles

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 07 Dec 13 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 07 Dec 13
     
    "Paris, 5 December 2013 - On Monday 9th December, the rapporteur Pilar del Castillo Vera (EPP - Spain) will present to the "Industry" (ITRE) Committee of the European Parliament her draft report on Neelie Kroes' proposal for a Regulation on the Telecom Package. Citizens must urge MEPs to amend this report in order to accurately define what qualifies as 'specialised services' with 'enhanced' quality of service, and ensure that the Regulation will guarantee a genuine and unconditional Net neutrality principle."
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

What is Docker? How Does it Work? - DevopsCube [# ! + Note] - 0 views

devopscube.com/what-is-docker

Docker containers Linux virtualization virtual machines networkin resources Tutorial learn tech this damn buzzword

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 16 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 16 Mar 15
     
    "By devopscube - December, 24th 2014 [# ! it's important to get it...] Before understanding Docker, lets have a look at Linux containers." [+ http://devopscube.com/getting-started-with-docker-contianers/]
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 16 Mar 15
     
    "By devopscube - December, 24th 2014 Before understanding Docker, lets have a look at Linux containers."
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 16 Mar 15
     
    "By devopscube - December, 24th 2014 [# ! it's important to get it...] Before understanding Docker, lets have a look at Linux containers." [+ http://devopscube.com/getting-started-with-docker-contianers/]
Gary Edwards

Tech Execs Express Extreme Concern That NSA Surveillance Could Lead To 'Breaking' The I... - 0 views

www.techdirt.com/...ead-to-breaking-internet.shtml

NSA-Patriot-Act-NDAA

shared by Gary Edwards on 10 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • We need to look the world's dangers in the face. And we need to resolve that we will not allow the dangers of the world to freeze this country in its tracks. We need to recognize that antiquated laws will not keep the public safe. We need to recognize that laws that the rest of the world does not respect will ultimately undermine the fundamental ability of our own legal processes, law enforcement agencies and even the intelligence community itself. At the end of the day, we need to recognize... the one asset that the US has which is even stronger than our military might is our moral authority. And this decline in trust, has not only effected people's trust in American technology products. It has effected people's willingness to trust the leadership of the United States. If we are going to win the war on terror. If we are going to keep the public safe. If we are going to improve American competitiveness, we need Congress to stay on the path it's set. We need Congress to finish in December the job the President put before Congress in January.
  • Gary Edwards on 10 Oct 14
     
    "Nothing necessarily earth-shattering was said by anyone, but it did involve a series of high powered tech execs absolutely slamming the NSA and the intelligence community, and warning of the vast repercussions from that activity, up to and including potentially splintering or "breaking" the internet by causing people to so distrust the existing internet, that they set up separate networks on their own. The execs repeated the same basic points over and over again. They had been absolutely willing to work with law enforcement when and where appropriate based on actual court orders and review -- but that the government itself completely poisoned the well with its activities, including hacking into the transmission lines between overseas datacenters. Thus, as Eric Schmidt noted, if the NSA and other law enforcement folks are "upset" about Google and others suddenly ramping up their use of encryption and being less willing to cooperate with the government, they only have themselves to blame for completely obliterating any sense of trust. Microsoft's Brad Smith, towards the end, made quite an impassioned plea -- it sounded more like a politician's stump speech -- about the need for rebuilding trust in the internet. It's at about an hour and 3 minutes into the video. He points out that while people had expected Congress to pass the USA Freedom Act, the rise of ISIS and other claimed threats has some people scared, but, he notes: We need to look the world's dangers in the face. And we need to resolve that we will not allow the dangers of the world to freeze this country in its tracks. We need to recognize that antiquated laws will not keep the public safe. We need to recognize that laws that the rest of the world does not respect will ultimately undermine the fundamental ability of our own legal processes, law enforcement agencies and even the intelligence community itself. At the end of the day, we need to recognize... the one asset that the US has which is even stron
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

Studies on file sharing - La Quadrature du Net - 0 views

wiki.laquadrature.net/Studies_on_file_sharing

studies file sharing Quadrature du Net

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 11 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 11 Aug 15
     
    "Contents 1 Studies 1.1 Evaluation of the effects of the HADOPI law 1.1.1 University of Delaware and Université de Rennes - 2014 - Graduated Response Policy and the Behavior of Digital Pirates: Evidence from the French Three-Strike (Hadopi) Law 1.1.2 M@rsouin - 2010 - Evaluation of the effects of the HADOPI law (FR) 1.2 People who share files are people who spend the more for culture 1.2.1 Munich School of Management and Copenhagen Business School - Piracy and Movie Revenues: Evidence from Megaupload 1.2.2 The American Assembly (Collumbia University) - Copy Culture in the USA and Germany 1.2.3 GFK (Society for Consumer Research) - Disappointed commissioner suppresses study showing pirates are cinema's best consumers 1.2.4 HADOPI - 2011 - January 2011 study on online cultural practices (FR) 1.2.5 University of Amsterdam - 2010 - Economic and cultural effects of unlawful file sharing 1.2.6 BBC - 2009 - "Pirates" spend more on music (FR) 1.2.7 IPSOS Germany - 2009 - Filesharers are better "consumers" of culture (FR) 1.2.8 Frank N. Magid Associates, Inc. - 2009 - P2P / Best consumers for Hollywood (EN) 1.2.9 Business School of Norway - 2009 - Those who share music spend ten times more money on music (NO) 1.2.10 Annelies Huygen, et al. (Dutch government investigation) - 2009 - Ups and downs - Economische en culturele gevolgen van file sharing voor muziek, film en games 1.2.11 M@rsouin - 2008 - P2P / buy more DVDs (FR) 1.2.12 Canadian Department of Industry - 2007 - P2P / achètent plus de musique (FR) 1.2.13 Felix Oberholzer-Gee (above) and Koleman Strumpf - 2004 -File sharing may boost CD sales 1.3 Economical effects of filesharing 1.3.1 University of Kansas School of Business - Using Markets to Measure the Impact of File Sharing o
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 11 Aug 15
     
    "Contents 1 Studies 1.1 Evaluation of the effects of the HADOPI law 1.1.1 University of Delaware and Université de Rennes - 2014 - Graduated Response Policy and the Behavior of Digital Pirates: Evidence from the French Three-Strike (Hadopi) Law 1.1.2 M@rsouin - 2010 - Evaluation of the effects of the HADOPI law (FR) 1.2 People who share files are people who spend the more for culture 1.2.1 Munich School of Management and Copenhagen Business School - Piracy and Movie Revenues: Evidence from Megaupload 1.2.2 The American Assembly (Collumbia University) - Copy Culture in the USA and Germany 1.2.3 GFK (Society for Consumer Research) - Disappointed commissioner suppresses study showing pirates are cinema's best consumers 1.2.4 HADOPI - 2011 - January 2011 study on online cultural practices (FR) 1.2.5 University of Amsterdam - 2010 - Economic and cultural effects of unlawful file sharing 1.2.6 BBC - 2009 - "Pirates" spend more on music (FR) 1.2.7 IPSOS Germany - 2009 - Filesharers are better "consumers" of culture (FR) 1.2.8 Frank N. Magid Associates, Inc. - 2009 - P2P / Best consumers for Hollywood (EN) 1.2.9 Business School of Norway - 2009 - Those who share music spend ten times more money on music (NO) 1.2.10 Annelies Huygen, et al. (Dutch government investigation) - 2009 - Ups and downs - Economische en culturele gevolgen van file sharing voor muziek, film en games 1.2.11 M@rsouin - 2008 - P2P / buy more DVDs (FR) 1.2.12 Canadian Department of Industry - 2007 - P2P / achètent plus de musique (FR) 1.2.13 Felix Oberholzer-Gee (above) and Koleman Strumpf - 2004 -File sharing may boost CD sales 1.3 Economical effects of filesharing 1.3.1 University of Kansas School of Business - Using Markets to Measure the Impact of File Sharing o
Paul Merrell

Rapid - Press Releases - EUROPA - 0 views

europa.eu/...pressReleasesAction.do

Intel antitrust DG Competion

shared by Paul Merrell on 13 May 09 - Cached
  • The Commission found that Intel engaged in two specific forms of illegal practice. First, Intel gave wholly or partially hidden rebates to computer manufacturers on condition that they bought all, or almost all, their x86 CPUs from Intel. Intel also made direct payments to a major retailer on condition it stock only computers with Intel x86 CPUs. Such rebates and payments effectively prevented customers - and ultimately consumers - from choosing alternative products. Second, Intel made direct payments to computer manufacturers to halt or delay the launch of specific products containing competitors’ x86 CPUs and to limit the sales channels available to these products.
  • Intel awarded major computer manufacturers rebates on condition that they purchased all or almost all of their supplies, at least in certain defined segments, from Intel: Intel gave rebates to computer manufacturer A from December 2002 to December 2005 conditional on this manufacturer purchasing exclusively Intel CPUs Intel gave rebates to computer manufacturer B from November 2002 to May 2005 conditional on this manufacturer purchasing no less than 95% of its CPU needs for its business desktop computers from Intel (the remaining 5% that computer manufacturer B could purchase from rival chip maker AMD was then subject to further restrictive conditions set out below) Intel gave rebates to computer manufacturer C from October 2002 to November 2005 conditional on this manufacturer purchasing no less than 80% of its CPU needs for its desktop and notebook computers from Intel Intel gave rebates to computer manufacturer D in 2007 conditional on this manufacturer purchasing its CPU needs for its notebook computers exclusively from Intel.
  • Furthermore, Intel made payments to major retailer Media Saturn Holding from October 2002 to December 2007 on condition that it exclusively sold Intel-based PCs in all countries in which Media Saturn Holding is active.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • In its decision, the Commission does not object to rebates in themselves but to the conditions Intel attached to those rebates.
  • Intel structured its pricing policy to ensure that a computer manufacturer which opted to buy AMD CPUs for that part of its needs that was open to competition would consequently lose the rebate (or a large part of it) that Intel provided for the much greater part of its needs for which the computer manufacturer had no choice but to buy from Intel. The computer manufacturer would therefore have to pay Intel a higher price for each of the units supplied for which the computer manufacturer had no alternative but to buy from Intel. In other words, should a computer manufacturer fail to purchase virtually all its x86 CPU requirements from Intel, it would forego the possibility of obtaining a significant rebate on any of its very high volumes of Intel purchases. Moreover, in order to be able to compete with the Intel rebates, for the part of the computer manufacturers' supplies that was up for grabs, a competitor that was just as efficient as Intel would have had to offer a price for its CPUs lower than its costs of producing those CPUs, even if the average price of its CPUs was lower than that of Intel.
  • For example, rival chip manufacturer AMD offered one million free CPUs to one particular computer manufacturer. If the computer manufacturer had accepted all of these, it would have lost Intel's rebate on its many millions of remaining CPU purchases, and would have been worse off overall simply for having accepted this highly competitive offer. In the end, the computer manufacturer took only 160,000 CPUs for free.
  • Intel also interfered directly in the relations between computer manufacturers and AMD. Intel awarded computer manufacturers payments - unrelated to any particular purchases from Intel - on condition that these computer manufacturers postponed or cancelled the launch of specific AMD-based products and/or put restrictions on the distribution of specific AMD-based products. The Commission found that these payments had the potential effect of preventing products for which there was a consumer demand from coming to the market. The Commission found the following specific cases: For the 5% of computer manufacturer B’s business that was not subject to the conditional rebate outlined above, Intel made further payments to computer manufacturer B provided that this manufacturer : sold AMD-based business desktops only to small and medium enterprises sold AMD-based business desktops only via direct distribution channels (as opposed to through distributors) and postponed the launch of its first AMD-based business desktop in Europe by 6 months. Intel made payments to computer manufacturer E provided that this manufacturer postponed the launch of an AMD-based notebook from September 2003 to January 2004. Before the conditional rebate to computer manufacturer D outlined above, Intel made payments to this manufacturer provided that it postponed the launch of AMD-based notebooks from September 2006 to the end of 2006.
  • The Commission obtained proof of the existence of many of the conditions found to be illegal in the antitrust decision even though they were not made explicit in Intel’s contracts. Such proof is based on a broad range of contemporaneous evidence such as e-mails obtained inter alia from unannounced on-site inspections, in responses to formal requests for information and in a number of formal statements made to the Commission by the other companies concerned. In addition, there is evidence that Intel had sought to conceal the conditions associated with its payments.
  • Paul Merrell on 13 May 09
     
    This is an uncharacteristically strong press release from DG Competition. I still must read the order, but the description of the evidence is incredible, particularly the finding of concealment of its rebate conditions by Intel.
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

Piracy ≠ Theft? Movie Industry Workers Speak Out | TorrentFreak - 0 views

torrentfreak.com/ustry-workers-speak-out-141207

piracy theft movie industry workers speak yes no else care solve ot just plain attack aficionados customers people society respect

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 08 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 08 Dec 14
     
    " Ernesto on December 7, 2014 C: 5 Opinion The mantra often heard from Hollywood's leaders is that pirates are thieves. However, not all people in the industry feel that way. Today we present the views of four regular filmmakers on this controversial topic, what the impact is on the industry, and what can be done in response." [# ! #Some #care... # ! ... about #solutions # ! while others just #complain and #attack... # ! which side are You on?]
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 08 Dec 14
     
    " Ernesto on December 7, 2014 C: 5 Opinion The mantra often heard from Hollywood's leaders is that pirates are thieves. However, not all people in the industry feel that way. Today we present the views of four regular filmmakers on this controversial topic, what the impact is on the industry, and what can be done in response."
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

"How To Learn Absolutely Nothing In Fifteen Years," By The Copyright Industry | Torrent... - 0 views

torrentfreak.com/-the-copyright-industry-141214

how to learn nothing copyright industry worst ignorance refusal be taught media culture entertainment democracy freedom access

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 15 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 15 Dec 14
     
    " By Rick Falkvinge on December 15, 2014 C: 0 Opinion The Pirate Bay was shut down this week. Whether or not it resurfaces, that event has already triggered a wave of innovation that will spawn exciting new sharing technologies over the coming years, just like when Napster was shut down fifteen years ago" [# ! The #worst… # ! … #ignorance is the #refusal to be #taught.]
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 15 Dec 14
     
    " By Rick Falkvinge on December 15, 2014 C: 0 Opinion The Pirate Bay was shut down this week. Whether or not it resurfaces, that event has already triggered a wave of innovation that will spawn exciting new sharing technologies over the coming years, just like when Napster was shut down fifteen years ago"
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

BitTorrent Inc Works on P2P Powered Browser | TorrentFreak - 0 views

torrentfreak.com/rks-p2p-powered-browser-141210

bittorrent powered browser works

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 13 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 13 Dec 14
     
    " Ernesto on December 10, 2014 C: 16 News BitTorrent Inc, the company behind the popular file-sharing client uTorrent, is working on a P2P powered browser. Dubbed Project Maelstrom, the browser will be able to "keep the Internet open" by serving websites with help from other users."
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 13 Dec 14
     
    " Ernesto on December 10, 2014 C: 16 News BitTorrent Inc, the company behind the popular file-sharing client uTorrent, is working on a P2P powered browser. Dubbed Project Maelstrom, the browser will be able to "keep the Internet open" by serving websites with help from other users."
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

Hundreds of Pirate Bay Copies Emerge, Is The Hydra Alive? | TorrentFreak - 0 views

torrentfreak.com/erge-is-the-hydra-alive-141227

hundreds The Pirate Bay emerge The Hydra Bay Hydra can't stop sharing get used to IT

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 29 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 29 Dec 14
     
    " Ernesto on December 27, 2014 C: 0 News While the Pirate Bay's domain continues to wave a pirate flag, there's no sign of a pending return yet. However, many supporters of the notorious torrent site are keeping its torrents widely available. I"
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 29 Dec 14
     
    " Ernesto on December 27, 2014 C: 0 News While the Pirate Bay's domain continues to wave a pirate flag, there's no sign of a pending return yet. However, many supporters of the notorious torrent site are keeping its torrents widely available. I"
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

Just in time for the Holidays: UN Approves Privacy Resolution in Major Victory for Huma... - 1 views

www.accessnow.org/...vacy-resolution-in-major-victo

UN United Nations general assembly aproves major privacy resolution let's see Human Rights enforcement institutions seriously take

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 24 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 24 Dec 14
     
    [10:21am | 19 December 2014 | by Deji Olukotun, Peter Micek] "The UN General Assembly formally approved a major resolution on the right to privacy yesterday, by consensus. The resolution spotlights the privacy violations that are enabled by advances in technology, overbearing government surveillance, and corporate complicity. "
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 24 Dec 14
     
    [10:21am | 19 December 2014 | by Deji Olukotun, Peter Micek] "The UN General Assembly formally approved a major resolution on the right to privacy yesterday, by consensus. The resolution spotlights the privacy violations that are enabled by advances in technology, overbearing government surveillance, and corporate complicity. "
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

Sony Accidentally Funded "Rogue" Piracy Sites | TorrentFreak | # ! "accidentally"? :D - 0 views

torrentfreak.com/nded-rogue-piracy-sites-141226

sony funds rogue piracy sites say accidentally but difficult believe promotion :D

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 27 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 27 Dec 14
     
    " By Andy on December 26, 2014 C: 0 Breaking Stopping money flowing into the pockets of 'pirate' sites has been one of this year's top topics, but it's something that's easier said than done." [# ! ... HA, HA. # ! :D # ! Sony knows perfectly where it puts its Money. # As well as '#They' know that "#Piracy" is #promotion, aside of #Media #control through the '#rogue' #IP #Enforcement...]
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 27 Dec 14
     
    " By Andy on December 26, 2014 C: 0 Breaking Stopping money flowing into the pockets of 'pirate' sites has been one of this year's top topics, but it's something that's easier said than done."
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

Meet the Dogged Researchers Who Try to Unmask Haters Online | MIT Technology Review - 0 views

www.technologyreview.com/...the-troll-hunters

researchers online mit technology review meet trols haters Internet web www

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 11 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 11 Jan 15
     
    "A group of journalists and researchers wade into ugly corners of the Internet to expose racists, creeps, and hypocrites. Have they gone too far? By Adrian Chen on December 18, 2014 "
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 11 Jan 15
     
    "A group of journalists and researchers wade into ugly corners of the Internet to expose racists, creeps, and hypocrites. Have they gone too far? By Adrian Chen on December 18, 2014 "
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

Why Kim Dotcom hasn't been extradited 3 years after the US smashed Megaupload | Ars Tec... - 0 views

arstechnica.com/...fter-the-us-smashed-megaupload

kim Dotcom megaupload extradition not happens Intellectual Property power politics over culture flow

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 21 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 21 Jan 15
     
    "Why Kim Dotcom hasn't been extradited 3 years after the US smashed Megaupload An extradition hearing is set for June 2015. Based on history, don't hold your breath. by Cyrus Farivar - Jan 18, 2015 10:30 pm UTC Share Tweet 37 Kim Dotcom made his initial play for the Billboard charts in late 2011. Kim Dotcom has never been shy. And in December 2011, roughly a month before things for Dotcom were set to drastically change, he still oozed with bravado: Dotcom released a song ("The Megaupload Song") in conjunction with producer Printz Board. It featured a number of major pop stars-including the likes of Kanye West, Jamie Foxx, and Serena Williams-all singing that they "love Megaupload."" [ # ! this is not an #IntellectualProperty #enforcement #issue, # ! it is a bunch of #governments (& friend companies) saying # ! #citizens that #information & #culture belong to '#Them'... # ! ;/ # ! ... and this doesn't work this way. # ! :) ]
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 21 Jan 15
     
    " Why Kim Dotcom hasn't been extradited 3 years after the US smashed Megaupload An extradition hearing is set for June 2015. Based on history, don't hold your breath. by Cyrus Farivar - Jan 18, 2015 10:30 pm UTC Share Tweet 37 Kim Dotcom made his initial play for the Billboard charts in late 2011. Kim Dotcom has never been shy. And in December 2011, roughly a month before things for Dotcom were set to drastically change, he still oozed with bravado: Dotcom released a song ("The Megaupload Song") in conjunction with producer Printz Board. It featured a number of major pop stars-including the likes of Kanye West, Jamie Foxx, and Serena Williams-all singing that they "love Megaupload.""
Paul Merrell

The Latest Rules on How Long NSA Can Keep Americans' Encrypted Data Look Too Familiar |... - 0 views

justsecurity.org/...s-hold-encrypted-data-familiar

surveillance state NSA IAA-2015 Sect-309 legislation

shared by Paul Merrell on 26 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Does the National Security Agency (NSA) have the authority to collect and keep all encrypted Internet traffic for as long as is necessary to decrypt that traffic? That was a question first raised in June 2013, after the minimization procedures governing telephone and Internet records collected under Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act were disclosed by Edward Snowden. The issue quickly receded into the background, however, as the world struggled to keep up with the deluge of surveillance disclosures. The Intelligence Authorization Act of 2015, which passed Congress this last December, should bring the question back to the fore. It established retention guidelines for communications collected under Executive Order 12333 and included an exception that allows NSA to keep ‘incidentally’ collected encrypted communications for an indefinite period of time. This creates a massive loophole in the guidelines. NSA’s retention of encrypted communications deserves further consideration today, now that these retention guidelines have been written into law. It has become increasingly clear over the last year that surveillance reform will be driven by technological change—specifically by the growing use of encryption technologies. Therefore, any legislation touching on encryption should receive close scrutiny.
  • Section 309 of the intel authorization bill describes “procedures for the retention of incidentally acquired communications.” It establishes retention guidelines for surveillance programs that are “reasonably anticipated to result in the acquisition of [telephone or electronic communications] to or from a United States person.” Communications to or from a United States person are ‘incidentally’ collected because the U.S. person is not the actual target of the collection. Section 309 states that these incidentally collected communications must be deleted after five years unless they meet a number of exceptions. One of these exceptions is that “the communication is enciphered or reasonably believed to have a secret meaning.” This exception appears to be directly lifted from NSA’s minimization procedures for data collected under Section 702 of FISA, which were declassified in 2013. 
  • While Section 309 specifically applies to collection taking place under E.O. 12333, not FISA, several of the exceptions described in Section 309 closely match exceptions in the FISA minimization procedures. That includes the exception for “enciphered” communications. Those minimization procedures almost certainly served as a model for these retention guidelines and will likely shape how this new language is interpreted by the Executive Branch. Section 309 also asks the heads of each relevant member of the intelligence community to develop procedures to ensure compliance with new retention requirements. I expect those procedures to look a lot like the FISA minimization guidelines.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • This language is broad, circular, and technically incoherent, so it takes some effort to parse appropriately. When the minimization procedures were disclosed in 2013, this language was interpreted by outside commentators to mean that NSA may keep all encrypted data that has been incidentally collected under Section 702 for at least as long as is necessary to decrypt that data. Is this the correct interpretation? I think so. It is important to realize that the language above isn’t just broad. It seems purposefully broad. The part regarding relevance seems to mirror the rationale NSA has used to justify its bulk phone records collection program. Under that program, all phone records were relevant because some of those records could be valuable to terrorism investigations and (allegedly) it isn’t possible to collect only those valuable records. This is the “to find a needle a haystack, you first have to have the haystack” argument. The same argument could be applied to encrypted data and might be at play here.
  • This exception doesn’t just apply to encrypted data that might be relevant to a current foreign intelligence investigation. It also applies to cases in which the encrypted data is likely to become relevant to a future intelligence requirement. This is some remarkably generous language. It seems one could justify keeping any type of encrypted data under this exception. Upon close reading, it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that these procedures were written carefully to allow NSA to collect and keep a broad category of encrypted data under the rationale that this data might contain the communications of NSA targets and that it might be decrypted in the future. If NSA isn’t doing this today, then whoever wrote these minimization procedures wanted to at least ensure that NSA has the authority to do this tomorrow.
  • There are a few additional observations that are worth making regarding these nominally new retention guidelines and Section 702 collection. First, the concept of incidental collection as it has typically been used makes very little sense when applied to encrypted data. The way that NSA’s Section 702 upstream “about” collection is understood to work is that technology installed on the network does some sort of pattern match on Internet traffic; say that an NSA target uses example@gmail.com to communicate. NSA would then search content of emails for references to example@gmail.com. This could notionally result in a lot of incidental collection of U.S. persons’ communications whenever the email that references example@gmail.com is somehow mixed together with emails that have nothing to do with the target. This type of incidental collection isn’t possible when the data is encrypted because it won’t be possible to search and find example@gmail.com in the body of an email. Instead, example@gmail.com will have been turned into some alternative, indecipherable string of bits on the network. Incidental collection shouldn’t occur because the pattern match can’t occur in the first place. This demonstrates that, when communications are encrypted, it will be much harder for NSA to search Internet traffic for a unique ID associated with a specific target.
  • This lends further credence to the conclusion above: rather than doing targeted collection against specific individuals, NSA is collecting, or plans to collect, a broad class of data that is encrypted. For example, NSA might collect all PGP encrypted emails or all Tor traffic. In those cases, NSA could search Internet traffic for patterns associated with specific types of communications, rather than specific individuals’ communications. This would technically meet the definition of incidental collection because such activity would result in the collection of communications of U.S. persons who aren’t the actual targets of surveillance. Collection of all Tor traffic would entail a lot of this “incidental” collection because the communications of NSA targets would be mixed with the communications of a large number of non-target U.S. persons. However, this “incidental” collection is inconsistent with how the term is typically used, which is to refer to over-collection resulting from targeted surveillance programs. If NSA were collecting all Tor traffic, that activity wouldn’t actually be targeted, and so any resulting over-collection wouldn’t actually be incidental. Moreover, greater use of encryption by the general public would result in an ever-growing amount of this type of incidental collection.
  • This type of collection would also be inconsistent with representations of Section 702 upstream collection that have been made to the public and to Congress. Intelligence officials have repeatedly suggested that search terms used as part of this program have a high degree of specificity. They have also argued that the program is an example of targeted rather than bulk collection. ODNI General Counsel Robert Litt, in a March 2014 meeting before the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, stated that “there is either a misconception or a mischaracterization commonly repeated that Section 702 is a form of bulk collection. It is not bulk collection. It is targeted collection based on selectors such as telephone numbers or email addresses where there’s reason to believe that the selector is relevant to a foreign intelligence purpose.” The collection of Internet traffic based on patterns associated with types of communications would be bulk collection; more akin to NSA’s collection of phone records en mass than it is to targeted collection focused on specific individuals. Moreover, this type of collection would certainly fall within the definition of bulk collection provided just last week by the National Academy of Sciences: “collection in which a significant portion of the retained data pertains to identifiers that are not targets at the time of collection.”
  • The Section 702 minimization procedures, which will serve as a template for any new retention guidelines established for E.O. 12333 collection, create a large loophole for encrypted communications. With everything from email to Internet browsing to real-time communications moving to encrypted formats, an ever-growing amount of Internet traffic will fall within this loophole.
  • Paul Merrell on 26 Jan 15
     
    Tucked into a budget authorization act in December without press notice. Section 309 (the Act is linked from the article) appears to be very broad authority for the NSA to intercept any form of telephone or other electronic information in bulk. There are far more exceptions from the five-year retention limitation than the encrypted information exception. When reading this, keep in mind that the U.S. intelligence community plays semantic games to obfuscate what it does. One of its word plays is that communications are not "collected" until an analyst looks at or listens to partiuclar data, even though the data will be searched to find information countless times before it becomes "collected." That searching was the major basis for a decision by the U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C. that bulk collection of telephone communications was unconstitutional: Under the Fourth Amendment, a "search" or "seizure" requiring a judicial warrant occurs no later than when the information is intercepted. That case is on appeal, has been briefed and argued, and a decision could come any time now. Similar cases are pending in two other courts of appeals. Also, an important definition from the new Intelligence Authorization Act: "(a) DEFINITIONS.-In this section: (1) COVERED COMMUNICATION.-The term ''covered communication'' means any nonpublic telephone or electronic communication acquired without the consent of a person who is a party to the communication, including communications in electronic storage."       
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

MPAA Wants to Use DMCA to Effectively Bring Back SOPA | FOSS Force Dec 18, 2014 - 0 views

fossforce.com/...to-effectively-bring-back-sopa

MPAA wants DMCA invoked bring sOPA back censoship society blinding over information cuture thoughs

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 04 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 04 Feb 15
     
    "[…] MPAA Wants to Use DMCA to Effectively Bring Back SOPA by Christine Hall. Published December 18, 2014. The MPAA has a plan to protect its copyrights which […]"
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 04 Feb 15
     
    "[…] MPAA Wants to Use DMCA to Effectively Bring Back SOPA by Christine Hall. Published December 18, 2014. The MPAA has a plan to protect its copyrights which […]"
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

The Linux Foundation Releases Report Detailing Linux User Trends Among World's Largest ... - 0 views

www.linuxfoundation.org/...ailing-linux-user-trends-among

linux foundation releases report user trends world largest companies detailing

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 04 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 04 Dec 14
     
    "SAN FRANCISCO, December 3, 2014 - The Linux Foundation, the nonprofit organization dedicated to accelerating the growth of Linux and collaborative development, today announced the immediate release of the "2014 Enterprise End User Trends Report," which shares new and trending data that reveals Linux is the primary platform for the cloud and users consider the operating system more secure than alternative platforms. The findings also show a 14-point increase in Linux deployments over the last four years, while deployments on Windows have experienced a 9-point decline. "
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 04 Dec 14
     
    "SAN FRANCISCO, December 3, 2014 - The Linux Foundation, the nonprofit organization dedicated to accelerating the growth of Linux and collaborative development, today announced the immediate release of the "2014 Enterprise End User Trends Report," which shares new and trending data that reveals Linux is the primary platform for the cloud and users consider the operating system more secure than alternative platforms. The findings also show a 14-point increase in Linux deployments over the last four years, while deployments on Windows have experienced a 9-point decline. "
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

Netgear Shows Customers How to Share Pirate Movies - TorrentFreak - 1 views

torrentfreak.com/-to-share-pirate-movies-151226

netgear shows customers how to share pirate movies NYSE politics connivence sharing really helps media and entertainment works companies

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 28 Dec 15 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 28 Dec 15
     
    " Andy on December 26, 2015 C: 86 Opinion Showing users how to send large video files is a task undertaken by dozens of software and hardware manufacturers but for the folks at Netgear the issue is now a controversial one. Want to send a pirate movie to a friend after downloading it from a torrent site? Netgear apparently has an app for that."
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 28 Dec 15
     
    " Andy on December 26, 2015 C: 86 Opinion Showing users how to send large video files is a task undertaken by dozens of software and hardware manufacturers but for the folks at Netgear the issue is now a controversial one. Want to send a pirate movie to a friend after downloading it from a torrent site? Netgear apparently has an app for that."
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

University: 'Pirating' Students Being Deliberately Targeted - TorrentFreak - 0 views

torrentfreak.com/g-deliberately-targeted-151203

university students deliberately target for sharing misnomer piracy '#They' attack knowledge between skyrocketing tuition and now prosecution

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 05 Dec 15 - No Cached
    • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.
      Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 05 Dec 15
       
      # ! Between skyrocketing tuition and, now, students persecution, it seems that the real plan is to destroy Universities, a direct attack to knowledge... and Freedom.
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 05 Dec 15
     
    " Andy on December 3, 2015 C: 84 Breaking Data published by Central Michigan University has revealed a worrying trend in copyright complaints. Out of 1,912 received so far in 2015, more than 80% were from Rightscorp, a company that demands cash to settle. The university's chief information officer believes that campuses like his are being deliberately targeted"
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 05 Dec 15
     
    " Andy on December 3, 2015 C: 84 Breaking Data published by Central Michigan University has revealed a worrying trend in copyright complaints. Out of 1,912 received so far in 2015, more than 80% were from Rightscorp, a company that demands cash to settle. The university's chief information officer believes that campuses like his are being deliberately targeted"
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