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Japanese card payments network JCB, identity firm IDEMIA and Malaysia's Soft Space are exploring offline digital currency functionality. A first phase of the project demonstrated connectivity between existing card and payment infrastructures, and a potential [central bank?] digital currency, showing that current point of sale solutions don't need adaptation. The new phase will test using mobile wallets to transfer digital currency between them without an internet connection using near field communications (NFC). Another scenario will test the offline use of stored value payment cards that transfer digital currency via mobile phones using NFC to transfer funds. https://www.idemia.com/press-release/jcb-idemia-and-soft-space-launch-jcbdc-phase-2-pilot-trial-cbdc-offline-p2p-payments-2023-12-13

Idemia is working with Qualcomm to offer users offline payments on smartphones for central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) through the Snapdragon 8-series Mobile Platform which requires a Qualcomm Secure Processor Unit. Customers can make payments with traditional cards, biometric cards, smart phones, or smart watches. Idemia has already demonstrated offline CBDC on different payment devices. Now it can handle credentials and conduct payments offline, leveraging an integrated secure element in users' phones.

I moderated a couple of sessions on offline central bank digital currency (CBDC) at the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) DC³ From Cryptocurrencies to CBDCs​​ Conference on January 27, 2023. The first session was on the importance of offline payments for CBDCs and financial inclusion at which cases were presented by Lars Hupel (G+D), Razvan Dragomirescu (WhisperCash), Joachim Samuelsson (Crunchfish) and Jerome Ajdenbaum (IDEMIA). The second session was a deep dive into offline CBDC implementation and risk management presented by Lauren Del Giudice (IDEMIA) and Stuart Smith (VISA). [Both sessions were recorded and are available at the ITU]

"IDEMIA and ConsenSys have joined forces to offer a truly inclusive Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) solution that can work with any consumer device: smartphones of course, but also feature phones, biometric payment cards, sim cards, wearables and even connected machines, making CBDC available to everyone."

IDEMIA Secure Transactions (IST) demonstrated the first ever offline central bank digital currency (CBDC) payments incorporating enhanced security against quantum threats. Offline CBDC allows digital currency transactions without internet, ensuring cash-like secure and seamless payments in areas with limited connectivity. This offline CBDC payment transaction uses quantum-resistant public key cryptography endorsed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The offline transactions demonstrated as part of this quantum-safe solution are performed using two smartphones thanks to NFC. Money is stored inside a secure element fortified with quantum-safe cryptography to guarantee security and prevent the risks of double spending or unauthorized money creation.

"Today's financial institutions are undergoing a massive transformation from retail to digital banking and seeking out multichannel strategies to protect client relationships. At IDEMIA, we help them take on digitalization and shape the future banking and payment customer journey. Our management of secret keys has become mission critical for the world's biggest companies. We have worked to reduce payment fraud - both online and in-store - and we are driving EMV and contactless migration. As retail banking evolves, we help traditional banks and FinTechs leverage the payment card as a tool for brand and loyalty reinforcement. Our metal cards, for instance, are designed for consumers looking for premium products. We also enable financial institutions develop digital banking with innovative authentication technologies and secure mobile payment solutions."

"We are proud to announce that IDEMIA is working alongside the Bank of England in a ground-breaking project exploring new approaches to assured identity, privacy, and offline payments in the design of Central Bank Digital Currencies."

"Perfinal has partnered with leading payment solution provider IDEMIA, a global leader in offline CBDC wallet solutions, to offer joint solutions for central banks to launch and distribute CBDCs. This partnership represents an exciting step forward in the development of CBDCs, aligning with the European Central Bank's guidelines for greater privacy and financial inclusion through offline transactions. The technical capabilities required for offline CBDCs demand a flexible account management system, and Perfinal's partnership with IDEMIA's offline wallet solution provides an optimal solution to these technical challenges. "

"Built to enable an ideal banknote exchange for Central Bank Digital Currency, the IDEMIA secure offline CBDC wallet makes a highly secure digital cash experience truly available to everyone and at any time. This secure wallet allows a user to make consecutive digital offline payments with immediate settlement. The CBDC wallet user can initiate offline payments using any channel: contactless, email, QR Code, and the same terminals and standards currently used for card payments. The offline CBDC payments can be received by any device (secured or not), with or without an internet connection to the ledger."

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is reportedly planning to introduce new features to popularize the e-rupee retail central bank digital currency (CBDC), with transaction volumes running  way short of the RBI's end-2023 target (18,000/day versus a one million/day. The features include allowing digital rupee transactions when a customer is offline and linking the e-rupee to India's Unified Payments Interface (UPI). In fact, many banks have already gone live with QR code-based e-rupee UPI interoperability, so at least this doesn't seem to be new news. Also, HDFC Bank is reportedly working with IDEMIA to build an offline e-rupee platform for feature phones.

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and Bank Indonesia announced the 21 shortlisted finalists for the G20 TechSprint CBDC challenge. The shortlisted teams now have until the end of August to complete their prototypes, which will then be judged by an independent expert panel convened by Bank Indonesia. Winners for each of the three categories will be announced in October ahead of the G20 Summit. Among the shortlisted were BitMint, R3, Ripple, S.e.A. (Stellar, eCurrency and ANZ), Bitt-IDEMIA, Crunchfish, and Giesecke+Devrient (G+D) Filia.

"[White Paper] Mind the gap between the ledger and the offline wallet"

The Bank of Canada (BoC)published an article that considers the pros and cons  of offline central bank digital currency (CBDC). An offline CBDC would allows users to transact while none of them are connected to the internet and could complement bank notes. A balance must be struck between compliance, security requirements and user needs, for example, by limits on holdings, transaction amounts and the duration of offline functionality. The article mentions that, while some central banks have deployed offline devices as part of pilots, no commercial, turn-key solutions are available to implement lengthy and indeterminate ("extended") offline functionality. I don't know what is meant by "commercial turnkey solutions" but a number of production-ready solutions offer extended offline functionality, such as those of Crunchfish, G+D, IDEMIA and WhisperCash. Also, those firms would disagree with the article's assertion that "adopting a security posture in terms of limits, controls and functionality, where risks are sufficiently mitigated, is still a challenge for technology available today"! But otherwise it's good to see a G20 central bank advocating for offline CBDC functionality, which I view as essential to successful CBDC take-up in many countries.