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Parental drug misuse can have an effect on the development of the foetus and long-term consequences for children. Some effects may be physical, but the most important ones will be on the developing mind and brain of the child. These effects may not be visible, and, in some cases, the impact on the child´s development and behaviour may not manifest for some years.

The effects on the unborn child include: chromosomal abnormalities; structural malformations (e.g. cleft palate); intrauterine growth retardation; functional impairment (e.g. deafness); behavioural abnormalities (e.g. hyperactivity); and learning difficulties.

a high proportion of newborn babies, especially those whose mother used heroin, will suffer withdrawal symptoms which may last up to several months and which will include tremors, high muscle tone, irritability, diarrhoea, vomiting and abnormal feeding and sleep patterns.

A regional referral centre for NIC was chosen for the study. Sampling of nurses was both purposive and stratified in relation to grade and responsibility, via job description analysis. Nurses chosen for interview were qualified in speciality (QIS). QIS is defined by both Redshaw et al (1993) and by the British Association of Perinatal Medicine (BAPM 1996) as being nurses who have received post-basic training and hold a nationally recognised neonatal qualification. The majority (four out of seven) were 'F' grade junior sisters as their role was seen to have the most direct influence on the developmental outcomes of babies, through both direct clinical care and learner responsibility.

In 1934, nearly 700 reporters and photographers descended on the New Jersey town where Bruno Hauptmann was on trial for Kidnapping and murdering the baby of famous aviator Charles A. Lindbergh and author Anne Morrow Lindbergh. The trial judge allowed still photography, but was unprepared for the barrage of flashbulbs and the presence of a newsreel camera that was smuggled inside the court. Decrying the media circus that resulted, the ABA in 1937 called for prohibiting photography in its Canons of Professional and Judicial Ethics. At the same time the U.S. Congress amended the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure to ban cameras and any form of broadcasting from federal courts. All but two states—Texas and Colorado—gradually adopted the ABA ban. Later, Texas permitted television cameras and it was a Texas criminal case that led to the next stage of development in this area of U.S. law.