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Diane Gusa

BLOOM'S TAXONOMY and Costa's Levels of Questioning - 0 views

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    "A Three Story Intellect! BLOOM'S TAXONOMY and Costa's Levels of Questioning "
Tiffany King

learning_theories_full_version - 1 views

  • Gagne also contends that learning tasks for intellectual skills can be organized in a hierarchy according to complexity: stimulus recognition response generation procedure following use of terminology discriminations concept formation rule application problem solving
  • Gagne also contends that learning tasks for intellectual skills can be organized in a hierarchy according to complexity: stimulus recognition response generation procedure following use of terminology discriminations concept formation rule application problem solving
  • Gagne also contends that learning tasks for intellectual skills can be organized in a hierarchy according to complexity: stimulus recognition response generation procedure following use of terminology discriminations concept formation rule application problem solving
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  • Gagne also contends that learning tasks for intellectual skills can be organized in a hierarchy according to complexity: stimulus recognition response generation procedure following use of terminology discriminations concept formation rule application problem solving
  • The primary significance of this hierarchy is to provide direction for instructors so that they can "identify prerequisites that should be completed to facilitate learning at each level" (Kearsley 1994a). This learning hierarchy also provides a basis for sequencing instruction. Gagne outlines the following nine instructional events and corresponding cognitive processes (as cited in Kearsley 1994a): gaining attention (reception) informing learners of the objective (expectancy) stimulating recall of prior learning (retrieval) presenting the stimulus (selective perception) providing learning guidance (semantic encoding) eliciting performance (responding) providing feedback (reinforcement) assessing performance (retrieval) enhancing retention and transfer (generalization)
  • The primary significance of this hierarchy is to provide direction for instructors so that they can "identify prerequisites that should be completed to facilitate learning at each level" (Kearsley 1994a). This learning hierarchy also provides a basis for sequencing instruction. Gagne outlines the following nine instructional events and corresponding cognitive processes (as cited in Kearsley 1994a): gaining attention (reception) informing learners of the objective (expectancy) stimulating recall of prior learning (retrieval) presenting the stimulus (selective perception) providing learning guidance (semantic encoding) eliciting performance (responding) providing feedback (reinforcement) assessing performance (retrieval) enhancing retention and transfer (generalization)
  • The primary significance of this hierarchy is to provide direction for instructors so that they can "identify prerequisites that should be completed to facilitate learning at each level" (Kearsley 1994a). This learning hierarchy also provides a basis for sequencing instruction. Gagne outlines the following nine instructional events and corresponding cognitive processes (as cited in Kearsley 1994a): gaining attention (reception) informing learners of the objective (expectancy) stimulating recall of prior learning (retrieval) presenting the stimulus (selective perception) providing learning guidance (semantic encoding) eliciting performance (responding) providing feedback (reinforcement) assessing performance (retrieval) enhancing retention and transfer (generalization)
  • The following tutorial consists of five learning modules. Each module describes a learning theory and how that learning theory can be applied to improving online teaching and training materials. Each module features: a description of a well known learning theory; a practical example of how the theory and related strategies can be applied to a particular instructional objective or web-design problem; and a list of related pedagogical and web-design strategies as researched in the literature. This tutorial has been designed for MDDE 621 students studying in the Masters of Distance Education program at Athabasca University.
  • The primary significance of this hierarchy is to provide direction for instructors so that they can "identify prerequisites that should be completed to facilitate learning at each level" (Kearsley 1994a). This learning hierarchy also provides a basis for sequencing instruction. Gagne outlines the following nine instructional events and corresponding cognitive processes (as cited in Kearsley 1994a): gaining attention (reception) informing learners of the objective (expectancy) stimulating recall of prior learning (retrieval) presenting the stimulus (selective perception) providing learning guidance (semantic encoding) eliciting performance (responding) providing feedback (reinforcement) assessing performance (retrieval) enhancing retention and transfer (generalization)
  • The primary significance of this hierarchy is to provide direction for instructors so that they can "identify prerequisites that should be completed to facilitate learning at each level" (Kearsley 1994a). This learning hierarchy also provides a basis for sequencing instruction. Gagne outlines the following nine instructional events and corresponding cognitive processes (as cited in Kearsley 1994a): gaining attention (reception) informing learn
  • EXAMPLE The following example applies Gagne's nine instructional events: Instructional Objective: Recognize an equilateral triangle (example from Kearsley 1994a). Methodology: Gain attention - show a variety of computer generated triangles Identify objective - pose question: "What is an equilateral triangle?" Recall prior learning - review definitions of triangles Present stimulus - give definition of equilateral triangle Guide learning - show example of how to create equilateral Elicit performance - ask students to create 5 different examples Provide feedback - check all examples as correct/incorrect Assess performance - provide scores and remediation Enhance retention/transfer - show pictures of objects and ask students to identify equilateral triangles.
  • EXAMPLE The following example applies Gagne's nine instructional events: Instructional Objective: Recognize an equilateral triangle (example from Kearsley 1994a). Methodology: Gain attention - show a variety of computer generated triangles Identify objective - pose question: "What is an equilateral triangle?" Recall prior learning - review definitions of triangles Present stimulus - give definition of equilateral triangle Guide learning - show example of how to create equilateral Elicit performance - ask students to create 5 different examples Provide feedback - check all examples as correct/incorrect Assess performance - provide scores and remediation Enhance retention/transfer - show pictures of objects and ask students to identify equilateral triangles
  • The primary significance of this hierarchy is to provide direction for instructors so that they can "identify prerequisites that should be completed to facilitate learning at each level" (Kearsley 1994a). This learning hierarchy also provides a basis for sequencing instruction. Gagne outlines the following nine instructional events and corresponding cognitive processes (as cited in Kearsley 1994a): gaining attention (reception) informing learners of the objective (expectancy) stimulating recall of prior learning (retrieval) presenting the stimulus (selective perception) providing learning guidance (semantic encoding) eliciting performance (responding) providing feedback (reinforcement) assessing performance (retrieval) enhancing retention and transfer (generalization)
  • EXAMPLE The following example applies Gagne's nine instructional events: Instructional Objective: Recognize an equilateral triangle (example from Kearsley 1994a). Methodology: Gain attention - show a variety of computer generated triangles Identify objective - pose question: "What is an equilateral triangle?" Recall prior learning - review definitions of triangles Present stimulus - give definition of equilateral triangle Guide learning - show example of how to create equilateral Elicit performance - ask students to create 5 different examples Provide feedback - check all examples as correct/incorrect Assess performance - provide scores and remediation Enhance retention/transfer - show pictures of objects and ask students to identify equilateral triangles.
  • EXAMPLE The following example applies Gagne's nine instructional events: Instructional Objective: Recognize an equilateral triangle (example from Kearsley 1994a). Methodology: Gain attention - show a variety of computer generated triangles Identify objective - pose question: "What is an equilateral triangle?" Recall prior learning - review definitions of triangles Present stimulus - give definition of equilateral triangle Guide learning - show example of how to create equilateral Elicit performance - ask students to create 5 different examples Provide feedback - check all examples as correct/incorrect Assess performance - provide scores and remediation Enhance retention/transfer - show pictures of objects and ask students to identify equilateral triangles
  • Gagne also contends that learning tasks for intellectual skills can be organized in a hierarchy according to complexity: stimulus recognition response generation procedure following use of terminology discriminations concept formation rule application problem solving
  • Gagne also contends that learning tasks for intellectual skills can be organized in a hierarchy according to complexity: stimulus recognition response generation procedure following use of terminology discriminations concept formation rule application problem solving
  • Gagne also contends that learning tasks for intellectual skills can be organized in a hierarchy according to complexity: stimulus recognition response generation procedure following use of terminology discriminations concept formation rule application problem solving
  • Simplify navigation.
  • Create effective menus.
  • Include indexes, table of contents, and search capabilities.
  • Pedagogical Practices and Practical Web-Design Strategies
  • Clearly identify content with appropriate headings and titles.
  • Place most important information on the top-left. Important information should go to the top-left.
  • Web is (Fahy 1999, 181-182): Easy to get lost in (users can get confused bouncing around from one link to the next) Unstructured Non-interactive (although this is changing) Complex (the amount of information on the Web is mind-boggling) Time-consuming (because it is non-linear and invites exploration. NOTE: Research by Thaler [1997, as cited in Fahy 1999, 181] shows that "employees in a 1997 survey reported spending an average of 90 minutes per day visiting sites unrelated to their jobs").
Diane Gusa

Learners Should Be Developing Their Own Essential Questions | User Generated Education - 0 views

    • Diane Gusa
       
      This is why I introduced the round table forum - so you can learn what you want to learn. How is this forum working for you?
Diane Gusa

Thoughts on Moving from Carnegie Report to TS article - 0 views

  • Each week students played one of three roles. 1) Staters introduced one or more ideas by stating something important they learned from a reading, discussing what was the most difficult or confusing part of the reading[1] and raising new sociological questions that the reading suggested. 2)  Responders replied to the ideas already posted and then posed further sociological questions.  3)  Integrators combined and synthesized the readings, what others had said that week in seminar and their postings, and raised additional sociological questions.  (See Appendix A for a copy of the instructions given to students).
    • Diane Gusa
       
      What do you think of this suggestion?
Diane Gusa

Learning-Centered Syllabi - 0 views

  • Learning-Centered Syllabi Workshop
  • Creating and using a learner-centered syllabus is integral to the process of creating learning communities.
  • students should progress from a primarily instructor-led approach to a primarily student-initiated approach to learning.
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  • students and their ability to learn are at the center of what we do
  • facilitate student learning rather than to act as "gatekeepers" of knowledge
  • A necessary first step in creating a learning-centered syllabus, according to most sources, is to spend some time thinking about the "big questions" related to why, what, who and how we teach.
  • thoughtful discussions with ourselves and our colleagues about our teaching philosophy and what it means to be an educated person in our discipline
  • We also need to think about how we encourage responsibility for learning in our students.
  • we focus on the process of learning rather than the content, that the content and the teacher adapt to the students rather than expecting the students to adapt to the content, that responsibility is placed on students to learn rather than on professors to teach.
  • participate in planning the course content and activities; clarify their own goals and objectives for the course; monitor and assess their own progress; and establish criteria for judging their own performance within the goals that they have set for themselves, certification or licensing requirements, time constraints, etc.
  • Your first objective is to facilitate learning, not cover a certain block of materia
  • According to Johnson, "course objectives should consist of explicit statements about the ways in which students are expected to change as a result of your teaching and the course activities. These should include changes in thinking skills, feelings, and actions" (p. 3)
  • An effective learning-centered syllabus should accomplish certain basic goals (Diamond, p. ix): define students' responsibilities; define instructor's role and responsibility to students; provide a clear statement of intended goals and student outcomes; establish standards and procedures for evaluation; acquaint students with course logistics; establish a pattern of communication between instructor and students; and include difficult-to-obtain materials such as readings, complex charts, and graphs.
  • here are three primary domains of development for students in a course
  • The Cognitive Domain is associated with knowledge and intellectual skills. The Affective Domain is associated with changes in interests, attitudes, values, applications, and adjustments. And the Psychomotor Domain is associated with manipulative and motor skills
  • "A learning-centered syllabus requires that you shift from what you, the instructor, are going to cover in your course to a concern for what information and tools you can provide for your students to promote learning and intellectual development" (Diamond, p. xi).
  • Don't use words that are open to many interpretations and which are difficult to measure. Make sure that all students understand the same interpretation.
  • Clarify the conceptual structure used to organize the course.
  • Students need to know why topics are arranged in a given order and the logic of the themes and concepts as they relate to the course structure
  • Does the course involve mostly inductive or deductive reasoning? Is it oriented to problem-solving or theory building? Is it mostly analytical or applied? In answering these questions, acknowledge that they reflect predominant modes in most cases rather than either/or dichotomies.
  • Use a variety of methods.
  • "Any student who feels s/he may need an accommodation based on the impact of a disability should contact me privately to discuss your specific needs. Please contact the Disability Resources Office at 515-294-6624 or TTY 515-294-6635 in Room 1076 of the Student Services Building to submit your documentation and coordinate necessary and reasonable accommodation."
  • Identify additional equipment or materials needed and sources.
  • Critical Thinking
  • Critical thinking is a learned skill. The instructor, fellow students, and possibly others are resources. Problems, questions, issues, values, beliefs are the point of entry to a subject and source of motivation for sustained inquiry. Successful courses balance the challenge of critical thinking with the supportive foundation of core principles, theories, etc., tailored to students' developmental needs. Courses are focused on assignments using processes that apply content rather than on lectures and simply acquiring content. Students are required to express ideas in a non-judgmental environment which encourages synthesis and creative applications. Students collaborate to learn and stretch their thinking. Problem-solving exercises nurture students' metacognitive abilities. The development needs of students are acknowledged and used in designing courses. Standards are made explicit and students are helped to learn how to achieve them.
Diane Gusa

Motivating Introverted Students to Excel in the Classroom | Concordia University - Port... - 0 views

  • Mixing social activities with reflective time gives these learners the chance to decompress and process the information. With too much stimulation, they easily become overwhelmed and shut down.
    • Diane Gusa
       
      I worry that my pedagogy of multiple activities shut down my more introverted student.
  • Extroverted students verbally answer every question, participate in group discussions and thrive at oral reports. They often get in trouble because they talk before they think or when they should be listening. On the other hand, introverted students enjoy solo or small group projects. They often write clear essays and rarely volunteer to answer questions in class.
Diane Gusa

Evolution of an e-Learning Developers Guide: Do You Need One? by Mike Dickinson : Learn... - 0 views

  • Adult learning principles
  • General instructional strategy
  • evel Type Description Level I Passive The learner acts solely as a receiver of information and progresses linearly through the course, reading text from the screen, viewing video, or listening to audio. We discourage this level. Level II Limited interaction The learner makes simple responses to instructional cues such as multiple choice or true/false questions. Level III Moderate participation The learners may drag-and-drop objects or respons-es, or answer multiple-choice questions about realistic scenarios. This is our preferred level of interaction because it optimizes the trade-off between active learning and course development time. Level IV Real-time participation This includes highly realistic interaction such as simu-lations of software interactions or role-plays of inter-personal situations.
Nicole Frescura

4 Tips for Reaching Training Introverts | Mindflash - 0 views

  • try wording the question a little more provocatively, like: “How does your solution to the scenario differ from the recommended solution provided in the training?”
  • If you’re primarily an extrovert you’re outgoing, gregarious, friendly, and talkative – but you tend to bore easily
  • If you’re primarily an introvert, you’re less outwardly expressive and more likely to process your emotions and thoughts internally. You tend to embrace critical-thinking and you do more listening than talking – but your introspective ways may leave you feeling awkward in social or group settings
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  • a classroom trainer
  • working with introverts and extroverts is a little easier because you can observe the audience and adjust your delivery to suit their dynamics – using a little less talk here and a little more action there.
  • because introverts are more solitary, the self-guided nature of online training is actually a good fit for them
  • Introverts like to think first and talk later
  • focus on relevancy. Introverts respond to substance
  • keep the number of between lesson “pulse-check” questions to a minimum
  • Introverts disdain superficiality
  • keep scenarios realistic, succinct (get to the point!), and complex to up the engagement.
  • communicating relevancy and incorporating design features that show respect for the introvert’s preference for independent learning.
  • send your trainees a link to the quiz or survey a day or two after they take the module. This gives introverts more time to think about the lessons and how they apply on the job
  • Introverts prefer to write down their ideas
Diane Gusa

Establishing an Online Teaching Presence - 0 views

  • the importance of your online teaching presence is that it contributes to online students’ sense of learning and perception of community.  An online teaching presence “is the binding element in cultivating a learning community” (Persico, et al, 2010).  According to Shea, Li & Pickett (2006), “There is a clear connection between perceived teaching presence and students’ sense of learning community.”
  • For an online learning environment, the emphasis shifts from preparing class sessions to preparing learning modules with specific learning goals, reading assignments, brief instructional materials, learning activities, discussion board posting requirements, assessment procedures, etc.   While you design the modules for your course, you should regularly ask: What do I want students to learn in this module? How will students demonstrate their learning of the materials in this module? What assignments or learning activities will support the learning for this module? By asking yourself these questions while designing modules, you will support student learning and will establish your teaching presence in the design of the course.
  • “Skillful facilitation allows students to interact with one another and the instructor at a high level” (Palloff and Prat, 2011).   At the beginning of the course, faculty members can help facilitate discourse through ice breakers that ask students to introduce themselves and find commonalities with other students. 
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  • Peterson and colleagues (2001) suggest, “Summarize the discussion periodically to demonstrate the relation of the discussion to the course content and to point out missing information.”
  • Indicators of direct instruction “include presenting content and questions, focusing the discussion on specific issues, summarizing discussion, confirming understanding, disposing misperceptions, injecting knowledge from diverse sources and responding to technical concerns” (Shea, et al, 2006).
  • A strong online teaching presence makes for a strong online learning experience and a sense of community for your students.
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    Discusses how to establish teacher presence.
Diane Gusa

Diane Lynn Gusa, PhD | Profile - 0 views

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    The End of Wonder in the Age of Whatever Michael Wesch
Diane Gusa

Adult Learning Theory and Principles - 0 views

  • equality between the teacher and learner.
  • Set up a graded learning program that moves from more to less structure, from less to more responsibility and from more to less direct supervision, at an appropriate pace that is challenging yet not overloading for the student.
  • Develop rapport with the student to optimise your approachability and encourage asking of questions and exploration of concepts
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  • Lead the student toward inquiry before supplying them with too many facts.
  • Provide regular constructive and specific feedback (both positive and negative),
  • Acknowledge the preferred learning style of the student
Doris Stockton

JOLT - Journal of Online Learning and Teaching - 0 views

  • The Barriers to Online Teaching and Learning
  • Although instruction provided through the Internet offers a viable alternative to the need for “physical” space, the need for faculty involvement in online learning remains a prevalent issue for those institutions that plan to continue offering instruction at a distance (Matsom, 2006; Nelson & Thompson, 2005; Schifter, 2004). In many institutions, faculty members are expected to participate in online distance education as a part of their regular duties as faculty (Kim & Bonk, 2006). However, many faculty members are hesitant to convert their traditional courses to an online format. This resistance is attributed to a lack of support, assistance, as well as training by institutions of higher education (Allen & Seaman, 2008; Keengwe, Kidd, & Kyei-Blankson, 2009).
  • Nelson and Thompson (2005) cited faculty time, rewards, workload, lack of administrative support, cost, course quality, student contact, and equipment concerns as barriers to online teaching practices. The researchers recommended that program leaders keep abreast of the technology issues; courses integrate more collaboration between instructors and learners; training be provided to faculty to overcome negative dispositions; leaders attempt to incorporate the need for distance education courses in institutions’ missions, and that a reconsideration of tenure and promotion decisions should be examined in an attempt to support faculty workloads.
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  • Similarly, inadequate hardware and software, slow internet connections, learners’ procrastination, lack of technical expertise among the instructors, insufficient orientation for learners, and a lack of release time for instructors to develop and design their online courses have been cited as barriers to faculty participation in developing and teaching online courses (Nkonge & Gueldenzoph, 2006). The researchers recommended training and support for instructors. Supporting faculty becomes significant because of the number of faculty who begin the online teaching experience with little knowledge of the process of designing, developing, and instructing an online course (Cuellar, 2002).
  • Both novice faculty, who may have been reluctant to participate, and expert faculty play a significant role in guiding the types of support, assistance, and training provided by institutions of higher education. Rockwell et al., (1999) evaluated the types of education, assistance, and support that faculty felt were needed to be successful in online teaching and learning. Faculty responded with the assertions that assistance and support for developing instructional materials, developing interaction, and for applying certain technologies were critical to their success in online environments. Faculty regarded teaching online as more difficult than teaching traditional courses (Gerlich, 2005) as well as complain that online delivery were more labor intensive because of the amount of time required to grade papers and respond to questions (Lao, & Gonzales, 2005; Wegmann, & McCauley, 2008; Sellani & Harrington, 2002). In other studies, faculty felt that additional instructional and technical support were needed because faculty were genuinely concerned about the quality of their online courses and the amount of technical assistance and training available to them at their institutions (Allen & Seaman, 2008; Keengwe, Kidd, & Kyei-Blankson, 2009).
  • Surveys conducted by Brogden and Couros (2002), Grosse, (2004), and Lorenzetti, (2004) suggest that the time and effort demands to develop online courses and to learn new technologies are also causes for faculty member’s frustrations. Additionally, some faculty members may resist online teaching because they are concerned that those courses may require more time for advanced planning (Matsom, 2006). Further, faculty members may be hesitant about this shift due to the fact that they may lose autonomy and control of the curriculum, lack of technical training and support, and lack of release time for planning. Generally, understanding the differences between traditional face-to-face learning environment and online learning environment, and the process of being able to shift from one modality to the other, will give faculty members the ability to design better online courses and focus more on course delivery (Conrad, 2004; Harlow, 2007; Marfoglio, 2006, Sugar, Martindale, & Crawley, 2007). Faculty members may also need to rethink (a) the nature of the content to be taught (b) their role as faculty members and (c) the needs and requirements of the students (Ben-Jacob, Levin & Ben-Jacob, 2000; Lee & Busch, 2005; Jones, Kollof, & Kolloff, 2008).
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    This is the article that I used for response to Kelly's Speak out discussion post.
Diane Gusa

Teaching and Online Learning | EDU 300 - 0 views

    • Diane Gusa
       
      I like the idea of visual demonstrations by the student, and see how that would be beneficial for dental hygiene. Do you have an idea about what to demonstrate in this class?
    • Diane Gusa
       
      Did you take the quiz to see what styles you are. Go to http://bit.ly/126iLiL and take the 44 question survey.
  • I then decided that she would not give us an assignment if there was not something that we could learn from it.
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    • Diane Gusa
       
      This is an example of you trusting me. Thank you
  • So what I am trying to say is that using technology would be my way as an instructor to take risk
    • Diane Gusa
       
      YES!!!!
Diane Gusa

Teaching and Learning at a Distance: The Learners: Self-Regulation - 0 views

  • Whether taking a face-to-face or online course, students must be able to manage their own learning.
  • onsider ways to facilitate self-regulation in your students by encouraging metacognitive awareness, promoting time management, encouraging social interaction, and providing effective, efficient, and appealing learning materials.
  • To succeed in online discussions and other online course activities, participants must have basic social skills including the ability to: listen (read) and comprehend classmate postings ask appropriate questions assist others through supporting comments build on the work of others take on the role of devil's advocate or other perspectives to promote discussion synthesize information and ideas presented by classmates and make a unique contribution participate in a timely manner
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