What advance preparation is necessary before instruction? What teaching techniques best serve second language learners? What learning strategies do ESL students need to develop? How can teachers accurately monitor the comprehension of English language learners? How can a classroom be more effectively organized for content instruction ? How can teachers design realistic assessment for ESL students to match their developing comprehension?

Teachers should demonstrate how to organize information in outline form

Directly teach learning strategies

how to select the main idea and supporting details

how to sequence and summarize

marking essential concepts and vocabulary with a highlighter,

abeling diagrams

using word banks,

organizing information on various types of graphic organizers, maps, graphs, time lines. and flow charts,