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Jeremy Rifkin, né le à Denver dans le Colorado, est un essayiste américain, spécialiste de prospective (économique et scientifique). Il a aussi conseillé diverses personnalités politiques. Son travail, basé sur une veille et une réflexion prospectives, a surtout porté sur l'exploration des potentialités scientifiques et techniques nouvelles, sur leurs impacts en termes sociétaux, environnementaux et socio-économiques.

The dark side impacts of IT on society

"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is already having a major impact on society. As a result, many organizations have launched a wide range of initiatives to establish ethical principles for the adoption of socially beneficial AI. Unfortunately, the sheer volume of proposed principles threatens to overwhelm and confuse. How might this problem of 'principle proliferation' be solved? In this paper, we report the results of a fine-grained analysis of several of the highest-profile sets of ethical principles for AI. We assess whether these principles converge upon a set of agreed-upon principles, or diverge, with significant disagreement over what constitutes 'ethical AI.' Our analysis finds a high degree of overlap among the sets of principles we analyze. We then identify an overarching framework consisting of five core principles for ethical AI. Four of them are core principles commonly used in bioethics: beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice. On the basis of our comparative analysis, we argue that a new principle is needed in addition: explicability, understood as incorporating both the epistemological sense of intelligibility (as an answer to the question 'how does it work?') and in the ethical sense of accountability (as an answer to the question: 'who is responsible for the way it works?'). In the ensuing discussion, we note the limitations and assess the implications of this ethical framework for future efforts to create laws, rules, technical standards, and best practices for ethical AI in a wide range of contexts."

"We are a five-person team concerned about the ways our communities' digital information is collected, stored, and shared by government and corporations. Based in marginalized neighborhoods in Charlotte, North Carolina, Detroit, Michigan, and Los Angeles, California, we look at digital data collection and our human rights, work with local communities, community orginizations, and social support networks, and show how different data systems impact re-entry, fair housing, public assistance, and community development."

"In the last decade Open Science principles, such as Open Access, study preregistration, use of preprints, making available data and code, and open peer review, have been successfully advocated for and are being slowly adopted in many different research communities. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic many publishers and researchers have sped up their adoption of some of these Open Science practices, sometimes embracing them fully and sometimes partially or in a sub-optimal manner. In this article, we express concerns about the violation of some of the Open Science principles and its potential impact on the quality of research output. We provide evidence of the misuses of these principles at different stages of the scientific process. We call for a wider adoption of Open Science practices in the hope that this work will encourage a broader endorsement of Open Science principles and serve as a reminder that science should always be a rigorous process, reliable and transparent, especially in the context of a pandemic where research findings are being translated into practice even more rapidly"

Les NTIC regroupent les innovations réalisées en matière de volume de stockage et de rapidité du traitement de l' information ainsi que son transport grâce au numérique et aux nouveaux moyens de télécommunication ( fibre optique, câble, satellites, techniques sans fil). Leur impact s'étend sur de multiples domaines, notamment sur notre mode de vie et notre économie.

Une friche industrielle est un terrain laissé à l'abandon à la suite de l'arrêt de l' activité industrielle qui s'y exerçait. La friche industrielle a souvent un impact négatif sur son environnement ( pollution ou liée à la dégradation des installations).

La simplicité volontaire ou sobriété heureuse est un mode de vie consistant à réduire volontairement sa consommation, ainsi que les impacts de cette dernière, en vue de mener une vie davantage centrée sur des valeurs définies comme " essentielles ".

"Government Technology Policy, Social Value, and National Competitiveness Harvard Business School Strategy Unit Working Paper No. 19-103"

Immediate action is required to halt the COVID-19 Pandemic and treat those it has affected. It is a practical and moral imperative that every tool we have at our disposal be applied to develop and deploy technologies on a massive scale without impediment. We therefore pledge to make our intellectual property available free of charge for use in ending the COVID-19 pandemic and minimizing the impact of the disease. We will implement this pledge through a license that details the terms and conditions under which our intellectual property is made available.

Jacques Vallée, one of the co-creators of the Internet, explains how the acceleration of technology in an increasingly connected society is producing "impossible futures" that range from rapid collapse of major banks to the emergence of complex new forms of political power, with the Internet as both a tool and a victim. Quotes: [The KGB] arrested people at random, and brought them to their headquarters; they had one question for them: "who do you know? who do you talk to, and what do you talk about?" If somebody wanted to do that today, they would not need to arrest people, all they need to do is look at Facebook, Twitter, Google; we give this information everyday to the network and the superstructure above the web. [nb: slightly shortened and simplified] The connected world provides many examples of "Impossible" futures that create a dissonance between existing cultures or belief systems... and the sudden emergence of new facts. The impact cannot be ignored.

"Open Ethics for AI is like Creative Commons for the content. We aim to build trust between machines and humans by helping machines to explain themselves. We're developing an open transparency protocol to help product-owners describe their AI-powered solutions in a standardized, user-friendly, and explicit way. Open Ethics is a global inclusive initiative with the mission to engage citizens, legislators, engineers, and subject-matter experts into a transparent design and deployment of solutions backed by artificial intelligence to make a positive societal impact." data passport, open ethics label, decentralized approach to self-disclosure,