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dhtobey Tobey

Evidence-based medicine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Evidence-based_medicine

evidence-based-medicine community-desktop

shared by dhtobey Tobey on 30 Apr 10 - Cached
  • The systematic review of published research studies is a major method used for evaluating particular treatments. The Cochrane Collaboration is one of the best-known, respected examples of systematic reviews. Like other collections of systematic reviews, it requires authors to provide a detailed and repeatable plan of their literature search and evaluations of the evidence. Once all the best evidence is assessed, treatment is categoried as "likely to be beneficial", "likely to be harmful", or "evidence did not support either benefit or harm".
    • dhtobey Tobey
      dhtobey Tobey on 30 Apr 10
       
      We need to find access to the Cochrane Collaboration -- this is obviously a large, extant community socializing the vetting of clinical evidence.  We should find out more about their methodology and supporting technology, if any.
  • Evidence-based medicine categorizes different types of clinical evidence and ranks them according to the strength of their freedom from the various biases that beset medical research. For example, the strongest evidence for therapeutic interventions is provided by systematic review of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials involving a homogeneous patient population and medical condition. In contrast, patient testimonials, case reports, and even expert opinion have little value as proof because of the placebo effect, the biases inherent in observation and reporting of cases, difficulties in ascertaining who is an expert, and more.
    • dhtobey Tobey
      dhtobey Tobey on 30 Apr 10
       
      Is this ranking an emergent process supported by some type of knowledge exchange platform? What about consensus/dissensus analysis? Seems ripe for groupthink and manipulation or paradigm traps.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • This process can be very human-centered, as in a journal club, or highly technical, using computer programs and information techniques such as data mining.
  • Level III: Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience, descriptive studies, or reports of expert committees.
    • dhtobey Tobey
      dhtobey Tobey on 30 Apr 10
       
      Need for LivingSurvey, LivingPapers, and LivingAnalysis.
  • Despite the differences between systems, the purposes are the same: to guide users of clinical research information about which studies are likely to be most valid. However, the individual studies still require careful critical appraisal.
    • dhtobey Tobey
      dhtobey Tobey on 30 Apr 10
       
      In other words, there are wide differences of opinion (dissensus) that must be managed and used to inform decision-making.
  • The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force uses:[9] Level A: Good scientific evidence suggests that the benefits of the clinical service substantially outweighs the potential risks. Clinicians should discuss the service with eligible patients. Level B: At least fair scientific evidence suggests that the benefits of the clinical service outweighs the potential risks. Clinicians should discuss the service with eligible patients. Level C: At least fair scientific evidence suggests that there are benefits provided by the clinical service, but the balance between benefits and risks are too close for making general recommendations. Clinicians need not offer it unless there are individual considerations. Level D: At least fair scientific evidence suggests that the risks of the clinical service outweighs potential benefits. Clinicians should not routinely offer the service to asymptomatic patients. Level I: Scientific evidence is lacking, of poor quality, or conflicting, such that the risk versus benefit balance cannot be assessed. Clinicians should help patients understand the uncertainty surrounding the clinical service.
    • dhtobey Tobey
      dhtobey Tobey on 30 Apr 10
       
      Relates well to Scott's idea of common problem being one of risk management.
  • AUC-ROC The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) reflects the relationship between sensitivity and specificity for a given test. High-quality tests will have an AUC-ROC approaching 1, and high-quality publications about clinical tests will provide information about the AUC-ROC. Cutoff values for positive and negative tests can influence specificity and sensitivity, but they do not affect AUC-ROC.
    • dhtobey Tobey
      dhtobey Tobey on 30 Apr 10
       
      ROC curves are similar to PPT, though addressing a different and less impactful issue of system sensitivity and specificity, rather than reliability (consistency) as determined by PPT.
dhtobey Tobey

Section7:Factors for Cell Based Assay Development - Assay Guidance Wiki - 0 views

assay.nih.gov/...r_Cell_Based_Assay_Development

PPT cell-based.assay variance factor

shared by dhtobey Tobey on 03 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • When considering the factors for development of a cell culture assay there are two major parts that need to be considered: the cell growth conditions and the cell treatment conditions. Many times variables may differ for the two parts of the assay so they need to be kept as separate parts of the assay when considering the factors. In the table below is a list of the factors that one would consider when running an experimental design to develop an assay. The range of the factor is based on literature reference, existing protocols, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) recommendations, etc. The rationale for why these factors are detailed below.
  • dhtobey Tobey on 03 Feb 11
     
    Factors which may be analyzed using PPT for quality control purposes
dhtobey Tobey

Two heads perform better than one sometimes - Health & Families, Life & Style - The Ind... - 0 views

www.independent.co.uk/...han-one-sometimes-2063072.html

collaboration PPT neuroscience expertise competency

shared by dhtobey Tobey on 28 Aug 10 - Cached
  • A new study published on August 26 in the journal Science explains the old adage that two heads are better than one is not always true. Professors Chris Frith of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at the University College London (UCL) and Niels Bohr at the University of Aarhus in Denmark and colleagues discovered that two heads work best when they are equals and can speak freely with one another.Bahador Bahrami, MD, researcher at UCL's Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and lead author of the study, explained, "When we are trying to solve problems, we usually put our heads together in teams, calling on each other's opinions. "For our study, we wanted to see if two people could combine information from each other in a difficult judgement task and how much this would improve their performance."Frith noted, "When two people working together can discuss their disagreements, two heads can be better than one. But, when one person is working with flawed information - or perhaps is less able at their job - then this can have a very negative effect on the outcome.
  • dhtobey Tobey on 28 Aug 10
     
    This is just the sort of evidence we need to show that PPA (Potential Performance Analyst) is a necessary tool to develop effective collaboration.
dhtobey Tobey

Leadership Bios Jack Hagan - Deputy Director, Training and Exercises - Governor's Offic... - 0 views

www.ohs.ca.gov/jack.html

DHS training PPT prospect

shared by dhtobey Tobey on 02 Sep 10 - Cached
  • State of California's primary advisor to the Director, Office of Homeland Security on Homeland Security Exercise and Training matters. Directs a multi-disciplinary/multi-agency staff of military and civilian subject matter experts in developing, coordinating, and producing exercises and training for California's fifty-eight counties, five Urban Area Security Initiative cities, and six hundred fifty thousand emergency responders to respond to terrorist attacks involving weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and catastrophic natural disasters. Produces the annual State wide exercise series Golden Guardian.
  • dhtobey Tobey on 02 Sep 10
     
    This is the retired General that Rich Marshall said he wanted to introduce to me. Looks like a great contact for the workforce development pitch.
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