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Nephron Sparing Surgery in Renal Tumors : A Case Report A 69 yrs old male presented to our OPD with h/o left sided varicocele. A known case of Diabetes, hypertension and bilateral medical renal disease, he underwent MRI abdomen which revealed a large lower pole lesion in left kidney with no renal vein or IVC thrombus. DTPA Scan revealed a 61% function in the affected kidney. Due to his bilateral medical renal disease and poorly functioning contra lateral kidney, he was planned for Nephron Sparing Surgery / partial nephrectomy (L) and DJ Stenting under cold ischaemia. Post op patient initially showed a rise in creatinine levels which gradually settled down to pre operative levels. Before we go into the discussion of partial nephrectomy or nephron sparing surgery (NSS) in RCC, I would like to emphasize on the presenting complaint. Varicocele in the left side is one of the presentation of Left sided kidney mass, which occurs due to the drainage of the gonadal vein into the renal vein on the left side and generally indicates tumor thrombus in the venous system renal/ IVC, however in this case it was because of compression of left gonadal vein by the renal mass. Renal tumors comprise approximately 3.8% of all new cancers with median age at diagnosis of 64 yrs. It is the third most common urological malignancy. The rate of RCC has increased by 1.6% per year for last 10 yrs, the reason of which is unknown. Majority of them are renal cell carcinomas and 80% of them are clear cell variety. Smoking and obesity are high risk factors of RCC. Some genetic diseases are also associated with RCC, like Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) disease. At presentation 25% are locally advanced. More often patient presents with metastatic disease (20%) . Only a few patients present with Virchows Triad - the 'too late triad' ( of hematuria, abdominal pain and flank mass). A CT Scan or MRI of the whole abdomen including pelvis clinches the diagnosis. A NEEDLE BIOPSY IS NOT NE

Viral gastroenteritis, also known as stomach flu, is an inflammation of the mucous coating of the stomach and intestines caused by certain groups of viruses. They settled in the epithelial cells of the mucosa, where they multiply and cause damage to the normal structure and function. The stomach flu is a highly infectious and very common - every year there are tens of millions. Rotavirus. Rotaviruses are the leading cause of stomach flu in infants and young children. Incubation was continued for 1 to 3 days. Usually, the infection is accompanied by watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever and muscular pain for 3 to 7 days. Rotaviruses can infect and adults in contact with the ailing child. In adults, the stomach flu symptoms less severe. Calicivirus. Cause infections in people of all ages. Noroviruses are the most common calicivirus and the most common cause of stomach flu in adults. Often reaching epidemic. Usually epidemics broke out from October to April, but are possible at any time of year. Typical stomach flu symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, headache and muscle aches. The symptoms started 1-2 days after contact with the virus and still 1 to 3 days. Adenoviruses. Mainly infects children under 2 years. There are 49 types of adenoviruses, one of which affects the gastrointestinal tract and causes nausea and diarrhea. The incubation period is 8-10 days and symptoms persist between one and two weeks. Adenoviral infections may occur at any time of year. Astroviruses. Infect mostly infants and children less adults. The symptoms are watery diarrhea and vomiting, continuing for up to one week, and appears after an incubation period of 3-4 days. Symptoms were less severe than Norovirus or rotavirus infections. Astroviruses stomach flu are most common during the winter months.

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Find the best cost of brain tumour surgery cost Gurgaon and get medical assistance from our in-house medical expert's team to select the best brain tumour surgery cost in Gurgaon and book appointment online only on credihealth. you can get the cost estimate from top hospitals in Gurgaon and book appointment online on crediheallth.com A brain tumour is a surgical procedure to temporarily remove the bone from your skull.This gives an opening so that the surgeon can operate on the brain itself. You have to scan your brain before your operation to help the surgeon know where exactly the tumour is. Scanning is also sometimes carried out during surgery. Some surgeons use an image guided system where the scans are loaded into a computer to give the precise position of your tumour. After removing the brain tumour, the surgeon puts the area of bone (called a flap) back. They secure the flap with permanent tiny metal brackets. Then stitch the scalp in place over it. In most cases, your hair will hide the operation scars.

With that innocent act, Viccars unleashed upon his community the most feared disease of the age. The package had come from London, where bubonic plague had been raging for months, and the cloth harbored fleas that carried the disease…By the end of September, five more people in the neighborhood had died, and in the first there days of October there were four more deaths. At the end of the month the toll had reached 23. The plague had come to the remote village of Eyam.

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