A critique of the value of peer review in contemporary science. He examines the costs vs. benefits of peer review and points to more viable alternatives (such as the endorsement system used on arXiv.org)
What information consumes is rather obvious: It consumes the attention of its recipients. Hence a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention, and a need to allocate that attention efficiently among the overabundance of information sources that might consume it.
If private property were abolished, all wealth held in
common, and everyone allowed to share in the enjoyment of it, ill-will
and hostility would disappear among men.
But I am able to recognize
that the psychological premises on which the systems based are an
untenable illusion.
It is always possible
to bind together a considerable number of people in love, so long as
there are other people left over to receive the manifestations of their
aggressiveness
instinctual passions
are stronger than reasonable interests.
commandment to love one's neighbor as oneself -- a commandment which is
really justified by the fact that nothing else runs so strongly counter
to the original nature of man
liverance from
our evil
The communists believe they have found the path to de
Since everyone's needs
would be satisfied, no one would have any reason to regard another as
his enemy; all would willingly undertake the work that was
necessary.
but we have in no way altered
the differences in power and influence which are misused by
aggressiveness, nor have we altered anything in its nature.
Aggressiveness was not created by property
If we were to remove this factor, too, by allowing complete freedom of
sexual life and thus abolishing the family, the germ-cell of
civilization, we cannot, it is true, easily foresee what new paths the
development of civilization could take; but one thing we can expect, and
that is that this indestructible feature of human nature will follow at
there.
We
can now see that it is a convenient and relatively harmless satisfaction
of the inclination to aggression, by means of which cohesion between the
members of the community is made easier
n this respect the Jewish
people, scattered everywhere, have rendered most useful services to the
civilizations of the countries that have been their hosts;
find its psychological
support in the persecution of the bourgeois
s Civilization imposes such great sacrifices not only on man's
sexuality but on his aggressivity, we can understand better why it is
hard for him to be happy in that civilization.
primitive man
was better off in knowing no restrictions of instinct. To
counterbalance this, his prospects of enjoying this happiness for any
length of time were very slender.
Civilized man has exchanged a
portion of his possibilities of happiness for a portion of
security.
But I shall avoid the temptation of entering upon a
critique of American civilization; I do not wish to give an impression
of wanting myself to employ American methods.
both individuals and
societies needed to learn how to adapt to and manage
the sources of over-rapid change.
Possibly the best section in the book
is that on education. Here he advanced a powerful critique:
‘what passes for education today, even in our ‘best’ schools and
colleges, is a hopeless
anachronism.’ He then added: for all this rhetoric about the future,
our schools face backwards towards a dying system, rather than
forwards to an emerging new society. Their vastenergies are applied to
cranking out Industrial Men - people tooled for survival
in a system that will be dead before they are. (2) The thesis was then
advanced that the prime objective of education should be to
‘increase the individual’s ‘cope-ability’ - the speed and
economy with which he can adapt to continual change.’ (3) Central to
this was ‘the habit of anticipation’. Assumptions, projections,
images of futures would need to become part and parcel of every
individual’s school experience.