3 Survivors Reveal the Brutal Reality of Female Genital Mutilation
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shared by sheldonmer on 17 Nov 14
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Why social media needs to be taught in high school | VentureBeat | Social | by Ronnie C... - 0 views
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social media high school education United States cybersecurity
shared by sheldonmer on 17 Nov 14
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This article is slightly more off topic, but a great discussion either way. This article argues that social media and or "cyber-security" classes should be taught to high schoolers. I feel like this relate to my topic due to the large demographic of young people involved in the Egyptian Revolution. Although certain technologies might not have been available or were frowned on, learning about social media earlier in Egypt could've gotten the messages out way faster. I also feel like proper education for all people around the world would help prevent people from falling victim to false information on the internet and the agendas behind them. Being able to identify a threat is important in any situation, and although Egyptians used social media to fight against the regime, it later had very negative backlash, full of lies.
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Egypt targets last bastion of Muslim Brotherhood dissent - News - Aswat Masriya - 1 views
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This article discuses Egypt's attempt to combat the Muslim Brotherhood by shutting down the violent protests at Al Azhar University. Azhar University is one of the world's last remaining centers for Islamic learning. Ever since the freely elected president Mursi was elected, Al Azhar has become an emerging hotspot for the battle against him.
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3 Survivors Reveal the Brutal Reality of Female Genital Mutilation - 0 views
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According to the AHA Foundation, up to 228,000 girls and women in the U.S. are vulnerable to what's called "vacation cutting," when parents send their daughters to stay with their families abroad and to endure female genital mutilation (FGM)
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they make themselves invisible
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"We have a culture of silenc
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"Most women won't share their stories because they are afraid of what will happen to them, what will happen to their parents."
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The shame runs so deep that girls are taught to never look at or touch their genitals, and most of them have never been to a gynecologist
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don't even know they have been mutilated until they attempt to have sex, at which time they often need to be cut open again to consummate a marriage.
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Dukureh has been the only U.S.-based survivor to speak up so publicly against FGM
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I was 6 and my sister was 3 at the time.
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We were there three months. We ate out of one shared bowl.
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We went into a home, and immediately women grabbed and blindfolded us and tied us to some thick bushes.
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There was loud drumming and older women were singing songs, which I was too young to understand.
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. I saw an old woman holding a knife so sharp I could see the drops of blood sliding down the edge.
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Three other women were holding down my arms and legs, and another was sitting right on my chest, covering my mouth
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I can still feel the weight of her today
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t. What the cutter does is hold on to your clitoris to make sure she gets that and scrapes everything else that comes along with it — all of the labia,
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we were left to bleed into little dirt holes for hours.
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it is common practice to circumcise infant
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receive our "treatment
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They took dried leaves and placed them on the wound and that would stay on for two to three days
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We were also taught, every day, that if we ever talked about this, if we even mentioned it, they would kill us.
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I learned two of them later died in childbirth, which was too difficult for them because of FGM. They bled to death.
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h the rite of passage
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This is who we are."
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She cannot have kids as a result of her FGM.
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I will never take them back. My family will never see them.
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! This article shares 3 stories of women who have gone through the FGM procedure. They tend to consider FGM as the "Right of Passage" for young worn. Many women die in childbirth or have complications because of the results of FGM.
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Timeline: PKK Conflict with Turkey - 1 views
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This timeline by Al Jazeera details the history of conflict between the PKK and Turkey from 1920 to 2013. I chose this article because I still felt I could use some more background information about Turkey and the PKK's relationship, as it has had a great impact on Turkey's participation in the coalition against ISIS. While I knew about the conflict up until the Gulf War, I did not know that it was still active and ongoing in 2013.
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The Whispers of WhatsApp: Beyond Facebook and Twitter in the Middle East - 2 views
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Like many in Beirut this summer, I found out about one of the recent bombings from a WhatsApp message on my mobile phone. I received a single word text from a friend: infijar (explosion). A second later the image below popped up on my phone screen. ...
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BBC News - Egypt: Deadly risks, but female genital mutilation persists - 0 views
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youngster was frighten
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female genital mutilation (FGM). She did not survive it
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small farming communit
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r lived and died
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bedrock of faith and tradition
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Both play a role in perpetuating FGM
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It has been outlawed since 2008
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religious duty
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highest prevalence rates in the world.
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Over 90%
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under 50 have experienced it, according to government figures.
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removal of all or part of the external genitalia
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promoting chastity.
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still widely practised in Egyp
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girls aged between nine and 13
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young as six,
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unconfirmed reports of newborns being subjected to it.
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"It is God's will
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asked if it was right to subject Suhair to FGM
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"Yes of course,
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People here are used to i
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circumcision, girls are full of lust
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Hidden death toll
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"We were four sisters, and we were circumcised in one day
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Afterwards they gave us food and drinks."
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Gypsies used to carry out the circumcisions, she told us, placing dust and salt on the wounds
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70% of FGM procedures in Egypt.
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"It's perceived as being safer, but no-one learns how to do this at medical school. We should definitely assume more girls are dying as Suhair did,
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his is a form of violence against children”
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private clinic in his home.
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dozen procedures carried out there every day.
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enied performing FGM on Suhair and said he had only treated her for genital warts.
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Dr Halawa on trial, together with Suhair's father, who brought her to his clinic
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FGM is hard to quash
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"The case has started a debate among the liberal-minded," said Mohamed Ismail, who works for a local women's rights organisation.
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A thousand or so girls were circumcised after she died."
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plans to have the curly-haired infant circumcised, by a doctor, when she reaches her teens
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"In the past there was ignorance,
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brought barbers to their homes to circumcise girls.
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we are more modern
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Campaigners warn that it will take more than one prosecution to spare other girls. More on This Story
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they just turn up at the doctor's office with their daughters.
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This is a form of violence against children,"
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"It's an irreversible act. There are mental and physical scars that stay with the girl for a lifetime."
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only one opponent of FGM in Suhair's village
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"It's a very bad thing for girls," said Amira. "There's no need for it. It's wrong because it's dangerous."
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he problem is the mentality of the farmers."
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still easy to arrange.
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Egypt: Deadly risks, but female genital mutilation persists
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The article mentions an ogling trial about FGM. A young girl Suhair died during the procedure. Outlawed in 2008, FGM continues to happen.
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Aya Tarek Facebook Page - 0 views
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Aya Tarek is one of the most prominent street artists to come out of Egypt. I learned through her facebook posts that she does not want to be considered a feminist or activist, she solely wants to be known for her work.
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Cyberactivism and the Arab Revolt: Battles Waged Online and Lessons Learned - 0 views
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The Middle East Institute is proud to host digital media experts Adel Iskandar and Courtney Radsch for a discussion on the nature of the cyberactivism that is fueling the uprisings spreading throughout the Middle East. Iskandar will examine the battle in Egypt between the government and the protesters to control online discourse, analyzing the obstacles and the successes.
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Education caught in the crossfire of conflict | #ChildrenofSyria - 0 views
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he attack on Al Hayat Primary School in Qaboun, eastern Damascus in November 2014 killed 11 children and injured many more.
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But the Qaboun assault was just one of at least 68 attacks on schools across Syria between January and December 2014 alone
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round 1 in 5 – have been damaged, destroyed, or are currently sheltering internally displaced people according to data gathered by UNICEF
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nside Syria, two million children and adolescents are currently out of school.
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“We simply cannot allow an entire generation of children and adolescents to be lost to ignorance, exploitation, despair and radicalisation.”
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International humanitarian law, which declares that schools be respected as zones of peace and safe havens for children, has counted for little. The long-term consequences for children – and their place in the Syria of the future – can only be guessed at.
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utside Syria, more than 50 per cent (600,000) of Syrian refugee children and adolescents are out of school, and this number continues to grow.
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The campaigns include distribution of teaching and learning materials as well as school bags with stationary. Similar campaigns have been rolled out in countries hosting refugees.
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When I go to the refugee camps and see the smiling faces of children, then I think we should not give up in the face of difficulties,
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ublic schools receiving Syrian children are overstretched. Non-formal education spaces cannot absorb large numbers of students.
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achers are not well equipped to work with stress, overcrowding and difference. Syrian children and adolescents are receiving multiple and dispersed forms of curricula and content that are not adapted to their capacity and needs and that come with enormous challenges in certification and accreditation.
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This article also talks about the problems Syrian children face regarding education. International laws about "schools remain out of conflict" has gone ignored for a long time. Public Schools are overstretched in neighboring countries due to extra children in schools. The most interesting part of this article is the video which goes into more details about the growth of education in the last four years.
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Education Has Never Been Deadlier for Syria's Children - Save the Children - 0 views
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Education is now one of the deadliest pursuits for children and teachers inside Syria, as the country's schools are increasingly being damaged and destroyed in the conflict.
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chools are being increasingly forced to close because of the conflict
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Syria has now descended to the second worst rate of school attendance in the world with 2.8 million children out of schoo
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t is absolutely shameful that the obligation to protect schools is not being respected in this conflict
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Syrian refugee children in neighbouring countries are facing disturbing rates of abuse, bullying, corporal punishment and marginalization
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p to half of children surveyed by the agency in Syria reported they were 'rarely' or 'never' able to concentrate in class
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Syrian children are dropping out of school by the day, and the international community has to step up its response to ensure that we do not lose an entire generation of children."
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Four years into the Syria crisis, overall enrolment in Syrian schools has halved from near 100% pre-crisis levels, while enrolment in the hardest hit areas such as Aleppo has plummeted to just 6%
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And those children who have managed to escape the conflict in Syria are also missing out on education with devastating consequences. One in 10 Syrian refugee children across the region are estimated to be working, and the figure is likely to be much higher. In Jordan, 47% of refugee families reported relying partly or entirely on their children's income in a recent assessment.
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We have heard from children being cursed and ridiculed by teachers in host countries, being told that they have ruined their country or to go back to Syria," Hearn said. "Others face corporal punishment at school. In Egypt alone, 30% of children we interviewed told us they were being hit by teachers and 70% are being verbally abused
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Refugee children are also faced with learning an unfamiliar curriculum or even a teacher speaking a language they cannot understand.
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This article is focused on the failing education in Syria. Syrian children have stopped attending school out of fear for their lives. An almost perfect 100% attendance rate plummeted to 6%. Syrian refugee children are forced to use different school curriculum's which can be difficult and confusing.
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Schooling in a crisis: the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey - ODI HPN - 0 views
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The Syrian civil war has created one of the largest and most intense episodes of human suffering of the early twenty-first century.
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387,883, with 200,039 living in government camps and 164,143 living in rented apartments
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Turkeys efforts to meet the needs of refugees have been spearheaded by the Afet ve Acil Durum Yonetimi Baskanligi
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majority of refugees are women and, especially, children; of the 200,000 refugees in Turkish camps, about 60% are children.
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t was left to him to find tents, wooden flooring, carpets and paving bricks, desks, chairs, drawing boards, teaching aids and, of course, textbooks
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urkish Red Crescent
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acquired through AFAD channels a
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egging
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he result
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ten large tents with floors
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drawing boards
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electricity
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computer projectors.
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limate control consisted of large fans
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he pre-school director in Islahiye Camp used empty office and storage space in the warehouse to house five rooms full of loud young children
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preschools enjoyed the largest proportion of age-group participation.
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camp schools are administered by Turks
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curricula are not recognised or sanctioned by the Turkish education authorities, and so licenced Turkish teachers cannot be assigned to them.
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amp education directors rely heavily on volunteers from among the refugees themselves
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time and instruction with the children is often inconsistent
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not be able to teach in Arabic
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There is little incentive for parents to commit their children to learning a new language
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Closely related to the issue of language is the curriculum
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eenage students in the camps generally do not have access to the secondary schooling
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Indeed, one source of tension between Syrian parents and the Turkish authorities has been the Syrian demand for special classes for advanced students whose preparations for university entrance exams were interrupted by the war.
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Syrian schools have opened outside of the camps with funding from the local government,
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using the Syrian curriculum and books salvaged from Syrian schools and reproduced
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Gaziantep
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namely Syrian demands for the separation of the sexes in classrooms
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Syrian parents also tend to insist that their daughters wear headscarves (hijab) in public and in schools, while it is illegal for Turkish teenage girls to cover their hair at school.
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Tensions over the separation of the sexes, curriculum and language of instruction are compounded by the politics of Syrians refugee status
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y contrast, the Turkish government chose not to officially recognise the Syrians as refugees as defined by UNHCR, and did not ask UNHCR to register the newcomers as refugees.
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officially designate Syrians as refugees would limit Turkeys involvement in the Syrian civil war,
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Turkey has allowed arms and non-lethal aid through its territory to supply the Free Syrian Army
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here are also concerns that Syrians, desperate for income, take jobs at lower wages than Turks
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Even guests can outstay their welcome, and with no end in sight to the civil war and no prospect of a return of Syrians to Syria, Turks are beginning to question how long they can sustain their assistance. I
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une 2013 AFAD began accepting offers of financial and other aid from outside agencies, including UNHCR and the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
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The schools developed in Syrian refugee camps in Turkey provide valuable models for establishing schools for rapidly growing refugee populations.
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The next critical challenge for Syrian education in Turkey is what to do with the growing number of Syrian teenagers who need to finish their high-school studies at accredited schools in order to compete for places at universities in Turkey or elsewhere.
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This was probably the most interesting article I have read about education in the MIddle East. It is from the "Humanitarian practice Network". This article is about Turkey and the Syrian refugees, who are not documented as refugees, and the growing desire for improvements to education. Right now, the education which is in place for Syrians is adequate for a temporary stay of preserving knowledge. It is not designed to be used long term, to advance students, or to prep them for universities. This article looks at those issues and tensions which are happening currently in Turkey
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Obama Ordered Wave of Cyberattacks Against Iran - 0 views
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The Obama administration continued cyber warfare initiatives against Iran, originally developed by the Bush administration. The cyber-weapon, dubbed Stuxnet, was co-developed by America and Israel in efforts to thwart Iranian nuclear plans. Although initially effective in its goal to confuse Iran, the cyber weapon has only created a cyber warfare in which Iran learned from the attack and has launched its own cyber weapon.
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shared by mcooka on 02 Mar 16
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Lebanon - Educational System-overview - Schools, Private, Students, and Lebanese - Stat... - 0 views
education.stateuniversity.com/...UCATIONAL-SYSTEM-OVERVIEW.html
lebanon system overview schools private public
shared by mcooka on 02 Mar 16
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The Lebanese educational system is divided in two sectors: private schools and universities, for which there is a charge for admission, and public (government) schools and universities that are practically free of charge.
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Education was once almost exclusively the responsibility of religious communities or foreign groups, but because the number of students in public schools has risen to more than two-fifths of the total school enrollment, the government was pressured to open more public schools to meet the demands of the general public.
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While public schools have not paid much attention to the preschool phase and have required students to be five-years-old to be accepted in kindergarten until the 1990s, private schools have always had a preschool phase and have accepted students as young as three-years-old
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The total duration in school remains intact, 12 years. The primary cycle of general education has been increased by one year, and is divided into two modules of three years each, while the intermediary cycle was reduced to three years instead of four. The first year of general education's secondary cycle must be considered common for all four different series of instruction, and the second year is common to only two out of four series. Lebanese students are not allowed to enter formal technical education before age 12, which is the age limit of obligatory education. The scholastic year was changed to 36 weeks, and 4 supplementary hours per week were added at the intermediary and secondary cycles.
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The new school curricula was launched in September 1998, and the Educational Center for Research and Development had trained 16,000 teachers in public schools and 6,000 teachers in private schools on the new uses and principles of the new program. The new system took into account economic, social, and national perspectives. The principle characteristics of this new system consist of the following:
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The Lebanese educational system has usually relied heavily on private schooling to accommodate the evergrowing demand for learning in the country
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In short, the new formal educational system of Lebanon, like in many other countries, divides the years of instruction as follows: 6-3-3 (six years for the primary cycle, three years for the intermediate cycle, and three years for the secondary cycle), followed by the higher education cycle. Primary school education is followed either by a six-year intermediary and secondary program, leading to the official Lebanese baccalaureate certificate, which was originally based on the equivalent French school diploma, or by a three- to six-year technical or vocational training program.
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There are 1508 public and private intermediary and secondary schools for the general instruction program in Lebanon, while there are only 262 schools for the technical and professional instruction program divided between the public sector (29 schools) and the private sector (233 schools).
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Education is compulsory until the end of the intermediate cycle, is available to all Lebanese students, and is attended by nearly 95 percent of school-age children
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The school year starts in early October and ends in late June. The school day consists of six hours starting at 8:00 a.m. with two hour lunch break and ends at 4:00 p.m. The length of class periods ranges from 50 to 55 minutes. Both public and private schools are supposed to observe official holidays, which are decided by the government; however, Christian-administered, religious private schools take Saturday and Sunday off every week, while Moslem-run religious private schools take Friday and Sunday, and Jewish-run private schools take off all of Saturday and Sunday afternoon only.
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As to special education concerning handicapped students, there were about 10,000 handicapped people in 1975 (prior to the Lebanese civil war). During the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982, this number reached 13,000; it is more than 15,000 in 2001. About 2,500 handicapped people were being educated and made ready to enter the work market.
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In addition, females appeared to have a slightly higher percentage than males with regard to attending schools and universities. After age 25 male attendance becomes almost double that of female attendance.
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the literacy rate was 88.4 percent in 1997
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ue to the Lebanese people's negative attitude toward manual work, especially in industry and agriculture, students of lower socioeconomic status enroll mostly in vocational and technical schools. Therefore, there is a big difference between the two major types of instruction, as well as the relative numbers of schools and students enrolled in each of these types
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The brevet certificate is only required by public schools, vocational schools, and teacher training institutes. The baccalaureate part I exam has two main tracks: literary and scientific. The baccalaureate part II has four main tracks: literature and humanities, which includes language, literature, history, philosophy, education, arts, and religion; sociology and economy, which includes economic sciences, politics, business and management, law, and sociology; general sciences, which includes mathematics, physics, chemistry, and their applications at the level of engineering; and life sciences, which includes biology and life sciences, chemistry and their applications in the area of medicine, health, agriculture, and other related subjects.
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Most institutions of higher education require entrance examinations besides the baccalaureate part II, which is required by law.
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The grading system is generally based on scales of 0 to 20 or 0 to 100, with 10 or 60, respectively, as passing grades
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he curriculum in Lebanese schools is somewhat rigid, for all students must pursue the same programs in all three cycles
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rivate schools can choose textbooks that meet their syllabi, except in the civics area where the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport requires them to use the center's textbooks.
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rabic and either French or English are the languages of instruction in the Lebanese schools.
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The United Nations Reliefs and Works Agency (UNRWA) provides funds supporting a private nonsectarian school system for Palestinian Refugees in the Middle East. This type of private schooling has been very effective in offering education and social services for children of Palestinian Refugees residing in Lebanon
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This article gave a great general overview to the education in Lebanon. One of the major components of Lebanon's education system is when they changed it 1999 to reflect the style of French education systems. Additionally, Lebanon has a high rate of 95% attendance for its students and it also has a high rate of literacy at 89%
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11 Things Foreigners Will Never Get About the Middle East - 0 views
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1. "Inshallah" 2. That a "3 pm meeting" actually means waiting from 3 til 6 for the person to show up. Eventually, you just gotta learn to enjoy.
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2015 Education Year: Challenges ahead | Yemen Times - 1 views
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n Nov. 24, the prime minister declared 2015 “Education Year,” highlighting the need to improve the country’s educational system and its importance for Yemen’s future prosperity
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An ominous reminder came just 20 days after the prime minister’s announcement, when an explosive-laden car detonated at a checkpoint in Rada’a, killing 16 girls who were passing on their way home from school. The tragedy provides some indication of the immense challenges facing government and Yemeni society if 2015 is really to be a year for education.
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Speaking at a ceremony honoring the nation’s highest-achieving students for the 2013/14 school year,
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eeting these lofty goals will require a range of initiatives—repairing infrastructure and building new facilities, providing sufficient learning materials, narrowing teacher-student ratios, and addressing gender disparities—especially in rural areas, where underfunding and conflict have compounded the problems facing schools ther
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Mohammad bin Mohammad, a school teacher in Erman Primary School in the Ans area of Dhamar governorate, which accommodates 110 children from first to sixth grade, says many of his students are forced to take their lessons sitting on the ground. “Students don’t study in proper classrooms. Let alone having enough labs, chairs or tables,” he said.
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Addressing security concerns and providing necessary infrastructure are fundamental prerequisites, but staffing and improving access to education for girls remain high on the agenda.
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Government expenditure on bonuses amounts to YR60 million ($279,000) for the current fiscal year, and is expected to reach 271,696 employees nationwide working in the education sector, according to the Ministry of Education.
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In areas where female enrolment and retention in school is significantly lower than the national average, the government also offers conditional cash transfers to families to encourage them to allow their girls to attend school.
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This article highlights some of the challenges with improving girls education. Yemen has very little resources so taking resources from one place and giving to another-is basically like taking from students sitting on the dirt and giving to students sitting on rocks. There is also high security concerns. Many religious sects don't believe women should receive education. So girls and schools are being terrorized on the way to school. Some families don't believe the cash transfer is worth loosing children.
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Egypt's Trouble With Women - The New York Times - 2 views
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The first plane to cross the finish line was piloted by a 26-year-old woman named Lotfia El Nadi, Egypt’s first female aviator.
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father had rejected the idea, but she did not despa
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“I learned to fly because I love to be free.”
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hero and a national treasure in the eyes of Egyptians.
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Women saw her as an inspiration in their struggle for equal rights
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women followed her exam
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women
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Egyptian women made advances in equality throughout the period of the monarchy
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22 Arab countries for discrimination in law, sexual harassment and the paucity of female political representation
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Gamal Abdel Nasser, women continued to advance, achieving positions in universities, Parliament and the senior judiciary.
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Egypt’s tradition of moderate Islam recognized women’s rights and encouraged women to study and work.
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promote female genital mutilation
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woman’s job is to please her husband and provide offspring.
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cover her body completely and may not study,
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women started to wear the
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cannot even leave the house without her husband’s permission.
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control women’s sexuality.
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Wahhabism has influenced all Islamic societies and movements, including Al Qaeda and the Muslim Brotherhood.
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many Egyptian women still went without head scarves, wearing modern Western-style dress, yet incidents of sexual harassment were rare. Now, with the spread of the hijab, harassm
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hijab
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83 percent of women interviewed had been subjected to sexual harassment at least once, and that 50 percent experienced it on a daily basis.
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When ultraconservative doctrine dehumanizes women, reducing them to objects, it legitimizes acts of sexual aggression against them.
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until 2005 that sexual harassment became an organized form of retribution against Egyptian women
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The security apparatus paid thugs, known as “beltagiya,” to gang up on a woman attending a demonstration, tear off her clothes and molest her.
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Dec. 17, 201
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Tahrir Square in Cairo, soldiers pulled a female protester’s clothes off and dragged her along the ground, stomping on her with their boots
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victim of the attack became an icon for Egyptian women
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mocked the victim, blaming her for not staying
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During the revolution, millions of Egyptian women went out and bravely faced snipers’ bullets
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in the home
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10 female members of Parliament out of a total of 508
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President Mohamed Morsi’s later attempt to rewrite the Egyptian Constitution would also have removed the only female judge on the Supreme Constitutional Court.
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They tried to overturn the law punishing doctors who carried out female genital mutilation, and refused to consider the marriage of minors as a form of human trafficking by claiming that Islam permitted a girl as young as 10 years old to be married.
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The revolutionaries are fighting for equality
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trying to strip women of their political and social rights and make them subject to men’s autho
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rity.
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epresents a future that no one can prevent.
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This article discusses how women have been treated differently since the beginning of time. Things began to change once women began to stand up for themselves in protests.
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Egypt's tradition of was not initially oppressive. The 1973 war in the Middle East introduced Egyptians to Wahhabis values.
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Iran | Countries | NTI - 0 views
Cached
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Overview of Iran as a nuclear threat. Includes treaties, analysis, documents involved in nuclear program. NTI focuses of enlightening reasons why Iran is a threat and focuses on sharing global nuclear policy.
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ISIS Is Losing Ground, but Not the War - 0 views
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Strategic Retreat The self-proclaimed Islamic State has lost at least three Syrian cities and towns in the past six weeks, including one over the weekend, each time by walking away from the fight. And yet the Pentagon is not sure whether to celebrate ISIS's losses or brace for even bigger fights against the group than it already anticipated for key ISIS cities like Mosul and Raqqa. Isis has learned over the course of their history in Syria that they must choose their battles, and defend key properties that they must have to survive.
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