In the Arab World, 2011 is developing into the year of revolution. Following the dramatic events in Tunisia and Egypt, a chain reaction has exposed the region's autocratic regimes to popular pressure like never before. Whatever the outcome of these events, the relationship between the rulers and the ruled in the Arab World has forever ...
The 'Arab Spring' of 2011 brought down autocratic governments across North Africa and the Middle East. But, despite widespread street protests that initially threatened to spark a Tunisian or Egyptian style revolt, an expected uprising in Algeria failed to materialise.
When Saleh came to power he and the leader of the southern part of Yemen, Salem al-Beid, agreed to coesxist as leaders of Yemen. WIthin weeks of this in play, Saleh began to try to make the south his and this created the civil war.
When Saleh's son was coming into power, Jamal saw that Yemen was moving towards a monarchy, realizing that his and the country's future was in the hands of an unqualified person.
Although Algeria's ruling elite appears to have a firm grip on power, strikes, protests and riots in early 2011 prompted President Abdelaziz Bouteflika to offer a series of concessions. In February 2011, the 19-year state of emergency was lifted. Two months later, the president promised to amend the constitution to "strengthen democracy".
Luis Martinez. The Algerian Civil War, 1990-1998. Translated by Jonathan Derrick. The CERI Series in Comparative Politics and International Studies. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. xxi + 265 pp. $27.50 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-231-11996-2.
He said it will allow his country ''to know more democracy, to assure public and individual liberties, and to establish the sovereignty of the law.''
Although it does not specifically authorize political parties to compete with the ruling National Liberation Front, the new Constitution declares ''the right to create associations of a political character.''
In November, 92 percent of the voters approved political changes that began reducing the power of the ruling party, the only legal political organization in the nation of 25 million people.
The Constitution also guarantees freedom of expression and, within limits, the right to strike.
ALGIERS, Feb. 24- The Government announced today that Algerian voters overwhelmingly approved a new Constitution in balloting Thursday, paving the way for a multiparty system for the first time since independence from France in 1962. More than 70 percent of the 10.4 million people who voted favored the constitutional change, the Interior Ministry said.
FLN headquarters in Nasser's Egypt calling on Muslims
in Algeria to join in a national struggle for the "restoration
of the Algerian state, sovereign, democratic, and social,
within the framework of the principles of Islam."
the French relented and on 20 March 1956
gave Tunisia complete independence.
February
1956, Morocco acquired limited home rule, and on March
2nd France and Morocco signed an agreement giving Morocco
complete independence.
n March, Mollet received new authority to act against the rebellion in Algeria from parliament's Special Powers Law, passed in a 455 to 76 vote.
The FLN
tightened its organization and began focusing on terrorism
in the cities, mainly Algiers.
By 1 January 1957 the French had 308,000 soldiers in Algeria.
On 28 January 1957 the UN was scheduled to debate the Algerian
question, and for that day the FLN scheduled a one-week
Muslim work stoppage in Algiers.
The French
showed low ranking guerrillas they had captured documents describing
other guerrillas as working for the French, and then they released these guerrillas. Some of those released fell for the trick, resulting
in purging within the FLN.
The French
military made itself dominant across much of Algeria.
To escape the military, thousands of
Algerians fled to Tunisia or Morocco and joined the FLN
there.
On July 3, Algeria
became officially independent. Meanwhile another big migration was underway. Around 800,000
of those in Algeria of European
descent – an overwhelming majority – were moving to Europe.
In the early morning hours of 1 November 1954, small units of Algeria Muslims, organized by the Front de Libération National (FLN) attacked police posts, warehouses, communications facilities, and public utilities military installations.
More than 250,000 Syrians have lost their lives in four-and-a-half years of armed conflict, which began with anti-government protests before escalating into a full-scale civil war. More than 11 million others have been forced from their homes as forces loyal to President Bashar al-Assad and those opposed to his rule battle each other - as well as jihadist militants from so-called Islamic State.
Libya's uprising began in February 2011 after security forces in the eastern city of Benghazi opened fire on a protest. Anti-government demonstrations then erupted in other towns before eventually reaching Tripoli. They swiftly evolved into an armed revolt seeking to topple to Muammar Gaddafi.
In June 2010, Khaled Said, a young Egyptian citizen of Alexandria, was beaten to death by plain-clothes police officers outside a local internet cafe. At the time, the Ministry of Interior said he died of asphyxiation caused by swallowing a bag of narcotics, but a picture of Said's battered face began circulating online.
Posted March 02, 2016 01:32:49 Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has described the cessation of hostilities in force since Saturday as a "glimmer of hope" while offering rebel forces "full amnesty" if they hand over their weapons. Speaking in an interview with Germany's ARD network, Mr Assad also accused the opposition of violating the agreement intended to halt nearly five years of fighting.
Syria's "cessation of hostilities" is making a difference - whatever the arguments about early violations, the level of violence across the country has fallen - and with this fragile modicum of progress, the United States and Russia find themselves in harness after years in which Syria was a forum for their rivalry.
Saudi Arabia has acknowledged that the US-led anti-ISIS coalition has held a "political" discussion about a potential ground troop deployment in Syria. Riyadh's statements have been criticized by Damascus as destructive and a threat to regional security.
Turkey's "provocative" military buildup on the border and shelling of the Syrian territory could thwart the truce and disrupt the peace process in the Arab Republic, said the head of the Russian ceasefire monitoring center Lt. Gen. Sergey Kuralenko.
As the uprising in Syria takes on an increasingly sectarian cast, Jordan has become a crucial center for the Islamist opposition-fighters, regime defectors, and their supporters, who speak of replacing the secular-Alawite regime with a new government that brings a Sunni majority to power.
Approximately 80 percent of Syrian refugees in Jordan live in urban areas in the north of Jordan, while the remaining 20 percent live in the Za'atari, Marjeeb al-Fahood, Cyber City and Al-Azraq camps. Northern Jordan has been dramatically altered by the Syrian civil war.
President Barack Obama said the U.S. would sustain financial aid to Jordan to help the country cope with a flood of refugees, after a meeting with King Abdullah Wednesday at the White House. The two leaders discussed U.S.
Since the Syrian crisis involves the possibility of a president stepping down, it is being more and more compared to Egypt and Nasser's reign. Assad wants the comparisons to stop because he believes that the Syrian state is different than that of Egypt's.