This article seeks to open dialogue about the utility of resource mobilization theory in explaining social movements and their impact by exploring the use of social media in the 2011 Egyptian revolution through a limited case study analysis. It argues that social media played an instrumental role in the success of the anti-government protests that led to the resignation of the country’s dictatorial leader, and calls for further examination of the proposed incorporation of social media as an important resource for collective action and the organization of contemporary social movements.
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shared by sheldonmer on 20 Oct 14
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The Arab Spring| Social Media in the Egyptian Revolution: Reconsidering Resource Mobili... - 0 views
ijoc.org/...1242
revolution egypt Facebook digital citizenship egyptian technology nytimes arab spring social
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micklethwait liked it
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This article actually talks about the professional terms associated with social media and the Egyptian Revolution. "Resource mobilization theory " It also gives real examples of tweets from Egyptian youth who kept the world updated with minute to minute statuses. "@mfatta7 Tear gas @mfatta7 I'm suffocating @mfatta7 We r trapped inside a building @mfatta7 Armored vehicles outside @mfatta7 Help we r suffocating @mfatta7 I will be arrested @mfatta7 Help !!! @mfatta7 Arrested @mfatta7 Ikve [I've] been beaten a lot "
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Egypt - 0 views
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still widely practiced throughout Egypt are Type I (commonly referred to as clitoridectomy) and Type II (commonly referred to as excision).
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A recent clinical study indicated that 19 percent of the procedures involved only the excision (removal) of the prepuce (clitoral hood) with or without removal of a part or all of the clitoris (Type I)
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Sixty-four percent involved the excision (removal) of the prepuce (clitoral hood) and clitoris together with part or all of the labia minora (inner vaginal lips)(Type II). In eight percent of the cases, only the labia minora were removed.
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excision (removal) of part or all of the external genitalia (clitoris, labia minora and labia majora) and stitching or narrowing of the vaginal opening.
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Type III, the most harmful and dangerous form, is rarely practiced except among a few groups in the southern part of the country.
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Egypt- Worst country for women in all 22 Arab Nations - 0 views
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There are whole villages on the outskirts of Cairo and elsewhere where the bulk of economic activity is based on trafficking in women and forced marriages
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high rates of female genital mutilation and a growth in conservative Islamist groups contributed to the low ranking.
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Egypt is now the worst country for women's rights in the Arab world, according to a poll of gender experts
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A UN report in April said 99.3% of women and girls in Egypt had been subjected to sexual harassment.
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Iraq was now more dangerous for women than under Saddam Hussein, with women disproportionately affected by the violence of the past decade.
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A study found that 99.3% of women were subjected to sexual harassment in Egypt. Forced marriages and human trafficking were also stated to highly affect the women.
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Egypt is said to be one of the worst places for women. Women experience everyday harassment including sexual harassment.
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Egypt is now the worst country for women's rights in the Arab world, according to a poll of experts on gender issues in 22 Arab states.
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shared by mharcour on 07 Apr 15
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Israel is Practicing Apartheid and Colonialism - 0 views
electronicintifada.net/...3432
Israel Israeli-Palestinian conflict Palestine South Africa Apartheid Colonialism
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In this Electronic Intifada article, the question of whether Israel is practicing Apartheid and Colonialism upon Palestinians in the Occupied Territories is addressed. By referencing a 300-page report generated by the Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa, the answer to the above question is found to be an unequivocal yes.
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How Egypt is keeping its women trapped in zombie society - Your Middle East - 0 views
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he majority of families would rather have their daughters in an unfulfilling, even miserable marriage, convinced that she will somehow find a magical way to adapt, than see her alone
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woman's marital status is mutually exclusive from her value and right to lead a healthy, fulfilling life of her own.
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he standard sequence of events for a typical Egyptian female's life, is to pursue an auspicious college degree (to improve her chances of finding a proper suitor, and assist her future children with their studies), possibly add to her assets by acquiring a mediocre job for a year or two (under the pretext of killing time and elevating her practical wisdom), and eventually fulfill her lifelong purpose of securing a
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their rights and full potential, desperately seeking approval before they reach their “expiration date.
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(should she fail to perform this role and still wishes to enjoy her life then she will have indeed committed sacrilege and is a covertly regarded as a disgrace regardless of any other achievement)
Russian experts arrive to Kweires military airport to study the ability of using it as ... - 0 views
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shared by ccfuentez on 03 Feb 16
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Human Trafficking and the Human Rights Agenda Against Eritrea | Red Sea Fisher - 0 views
redseafisher.wordpress.com/...-rights-agenda-against-eritrea
Eritrea human-trafficking Anti-Regime Educational Opportunity
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“Ruthless Kidnapping Rings Reach From Desert Sands to U.S. Cities.” The article chronicles the touching personal accounts of Eritrean refugees being kidnapped and taken for ransom in Egypt’s Sinai desert.
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In 2013, human trafficking in Eritrea was gaining a lot of international attention, especially from the piece, "Ruthless Kidnapping Rings Reach From Desert Sands to US Cities." In 2009, a possible solution was made to send large numbers of youths to the United States in order for them to receive an opportunity to get a better education.
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shared by mcooka on 04 Feb 16
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Egypt's school system: Taking a look at schools, their curricula, and accreditation | E... - 0 views
www.egyptindependent.com/...ir-curricula-and-accreditation
education egypt school system accreditation
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“the quality of education remains a major challenge that hinders the capacity of children to develop to their full potential.”
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hese schools are institutions that are not privately owned but are related to national institutions and administrations.
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hich are semi-private schools with high language standards and school fees close to private school fees.
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embers of the student body are mainly from the nation of their respective embassies and follow their own curriculum.
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since these schools do not offer the courses required by the ministry in Arabic, Religion and Social Studies, Egyptian universities are not likely to admit students from these schools.
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creditation to offer other kinds of diplomas, including the British General Certificate of Secondary Education, the International Baccalaureate and the French Baccalaureate.
Cosmopolitan and female - 0 views
en.qantara.de/...gramme-cosmopolitan-and-female
Avicenna Germany international studies cosmopolitanism
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shared by mcooka on 16 Feb 16
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Jordan - Educational System-overview - Students, School, Schools, and Secondary - State... - 0 views
education.stateuniversity.com/...UCATIONAL-SYSTEM-OVERVIEW.html
education jordan program students school
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A compulsory stage for children ages 6 to 15 (grades 1-10), consisting of primary school (grades 1-6) and preparatory school (grades 7-10).
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A comprehensive secondary education (academic and vocational) and applied secondary education (training centers and apprenticeship).
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he majority of students are enrolled in schools directly controlled by the MOE. Some schools fall under the jurisdiction of the cultural bureau of the Ministry of Defense. The Ministry of Health oversees students studying for medical careers; it established the first nursing school in 1953-54.
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Under this system, students in grades 4 through 10 may repeat a grade twice. After that they are automatically promoted. In the preparatory stage, grade repetition is allowed only once. At the secondary level, students are allowed to repeat once in a government school provided they are younger than 17; otherwise they must transfer to a private school.
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Community colleges and universities vary in required attendance from two years in community colleges to six or more in universities based on the type of institution and specialization
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Higher education, either a two-year intermediate level course offered by community colleges or four years of university level courses, either in public or private institutions. The student's achievement on the General Secondary Education Certificate Examination is the sole criterion for admission into higher education institutes.
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Instruction is in Arabic, but English is introduced in public schools in the fifth grade and is widely used. A new policy was recently approved to start teaching English in the first grade beginning in the academic year 2001-02
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All public schools and most private ones use the same textbooks. Under Law 16 of 1964, the School Curricula and Textbooks Division of the MOE is responsible for producing and printing the textbooks. They are distributed free of charge during the compulsory stage, but there is a nominal fee at the secondary stage.
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In 1997, however, only 16 percent of students were attending two shift schools and 11 percent went to rented buildings.
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As a whole, education in Jordan is considered an investment in the future. Skilled citizens are necessary. Before the Gulf War, most graduates could find good jobs in the oil-rich countries, and the money they sent home helped the Jordanian economy to grow. It is not uncommon for a family living at subsistence level to be able to send a child to a university (Abu-Zeinh).
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Women, girls and Malala: Research on gender and education in Pakistan, and beyond - 1 views
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Malala Yousafzai, the co-recipient of the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize, has been advocating across the world for girls' educational rights, even in the face of extremely difficult circumstances in her home country of Pakistan, where gunmen attempted to assassinate her in 2012.
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Malala Yousafzai, the co-recipient of the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize, has been advocating across the world for girls' educational rights, even in the face of extremely difficult circumstances in her home country of Pakistan, where gunmen attempted to assassinate her in 2012.
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shared by ysenia on 08 Feb 16
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The Iran nuclear framework deal: A definitive, research-based guide from Harv... - 0 views
journalistsresource.org/...de-from-harvards-belfer-center
iran program nuclear guide framework facts
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However, in order to utilize the plutonium for a weapon, Iran would still have to build a reprocessing plant to be able to separate plutonium from spent fuel.
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[I]t will reduce the risk of Iran getting a bomb better than any of the realistic alternatives. Iran has agreed to physical limits on its ability to produce weapons-grade materials that will assure a break-out timeline of roughly a year for the next 10 years, as well as additional restraints and verification measures to monitor compliance and detect cheating. If the U.S. rejects the deal and returns to sanctions, Iran is certain to return to what it was doing before the interim agreement: installing additional centrifuges, enriching uranium, increasing its stockpile of enriched material, developing more advanced centrifuges, and completing the Arak heavy water reactor. The agreement does not solve the problem, but it reduces the risk for now and buys substantial time to resolve the threat in the future.
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Hillary Clinton Gives Israeli Education Program Spotlight on Campaign Trail - Israel - ... - 0 views
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ch week in Israel, young parents open their homes to local instructors who teach them how to prepare their toddlers for school.
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In her bid for the Democratic nomination, Clinton rarely misses an opportunity to tout her record on early childhood education, from her first job out of law school at the Children’s Defense Fund to her Too Small To Fail program at The Clinton Foundation.
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The story of how Clinton brought the Israeli education program to America starts with a coincidence.
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In 1969, an Israeli educator named Avima Lombard conceived the program as a way to help the children of North African immigrants get a head start in the Israeli school system
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Clinton’s associates in Arkansas apparently had a similar reaction when she told them they would have to travel to the Holy Land for HIPPY training: “‘Israel! Where is Israel?’”
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But the two strong personalities also clashed occasionally. For several years, Lombard demanded that certain HIPPY USA staff members receive training in Israel. As the program grew, this practice became expensive and unsustainable, leading HIPPY USA to start training staff in Arkansas.
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In 1998, Hillary Clinton visited a HIPPY event in Jerusalem while accompanying her husband when he was president. It was around holiday time, and Clinton was photographed with HIPPY children and their mothers.
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Schooling in a crisis: the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey - ODI HPN - 0 views
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The Syrian civil war has created one of the largest and most intense episodes of human suffering of the early twenty-first century.
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Turkeys efforts to meet the needs of refugees have been spearheaded by the Afet ve Acil Durum Yonetimi Baskanligi
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majority of refugees are women and, especially, children; of the 200,000 refugees in Turkish camps, about 60% are children.
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t was left to him to find tents, wooden flooring, carpets and paving bricks, desks, chairs, drawing boards, teaching aids and, of course, textbooks
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he pre-school director in Islahiye Camp used empty office and storage space in the warehouse to house five rooms full of loud young children
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curricula are not recognised or sanctioned by the Turkish education authorities, and so licenced Turkish teachers cannot be assigned to them.
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Indeed, one source of tension between Syrian parents and the Turkish authorities has been the Syrian demand for special classes for advanced students whose preparations for university entrance exams were interrupted by the war.
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Syrian parents also tend to insist that their daughters wear headscarves (hijab) in public and in schools, while it is illegal for Turkish teenage girls to cover their hair at school.
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Tensions over the separation of the sexes, curriculum and language of instruction are compounded by the politics of Syrians refugee status
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y contrast, the Turkish government chose not to officially recognise the Syrians as refugees as defined by UNHCR, and did not ask UNHCR to register the newcomers as refugees.
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Even guests can outstay their welcome, and with no end in sight to the civil war and no prospect of a return of Syrians to Syria, Turks are beginning to question how long they can sustain their assistance. I
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une 2013 AFAD began accepting offers of financial and other aid from outside agencies, including UNHCR and the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
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The schools developed in Syrian refugee camps in Turkey provide valuable models for establishing schools for rapidly growing refugee populations.
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The next critical challenge for Syrian education in Turkey is what to do with the growing number of Syrian teenagers who need to finish their high-school studies at accredited schools in order to compete for places at universities in Turkey or elsewhere.
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This was probably the most interesting article I have read about education in the MIddle East. It is from the "Humanitarian practice Network". This article is about Turkey and the Syrian refugees, who are not documented as refugees, and the growing desire for improvements to education. Right now, the education which is in place for Syrians is adequate for a temporary stay of preserving knowledge. It is not designed to be used long term, to advance students, or to prep them for universities. This article looks at those issues and tensions which are happening currently in Turkey
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shared by ccfuentez on 10 Feb 16
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Middle East the human trafficking capital of the world | Al Bawaba - 0 views
www.albawaba.com/...t-human-trafficking-ilo-483607
Jordan International Labour Organization forced labor ILO
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The report indicated that some 600,000 migrant workers are subject to forced labour and exploitation.
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In Jordan and Lebanon migrant workers make up a significant part of the workforce, particularly in the construction and domestic work sectors, the study said.
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2015 Education Year: Challenges ahead | Yemen Times - 1 views
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n Nov. 24, the prime minister declared 2015 “Education Year,” highlighting the need to improve the country’s educational system and its importance for Yemen’s future prosperity
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An ominous reminder came just 20 days after the prime minister’s announcement, when an explosive-laden car detonated at a checkpoint in Rada’a, killing 16 girls who were passing on their way home from school. The tragedy provides some indication of the immense challenges facing government and Yemeni society if 2015 is really to be a year for education.
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Speaking at a ceremony honoring the nation’s highest-achieving students for the 2013/14 school year,
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eeting these lofty goals will require a range of initiatives—repairing infrastructure and building new facilities, providing sufficient learning materials, narrowing teacher-student ratios, and addressing gender disparities—especially in rural areas, where underfunding and conflict have compounded the problems facing schools ther
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Mohammad bin Mohammad, a school teacher in Erman Primary School in the Ans area of Dhamar governorate, which accommodates 110 children from first to sixth grade, says many of his students are forced to take their lessons sitting on the ground. “Students don’t study in proper classrooms. Let alone having enough labs, chairs or tables,” he said.
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Addressing security concerns and providing necessary infrastructure are fundamental prerequisites, but staffing and improving access to education for girls remain high on the agenda.
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Government expenditure on bonuses amounts to YR60 million ($279,000) for the current fiscal year, and is expected to reach 271,696 employees nationwide working in the education sector, according to the Ministry of Education.
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In areas where female enrolment and retention in school is significantly lower than the national average, the government also offers conditional cash transfers to families to encourage them to allow their girls to attend school.
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This article highlights some of the challenges with improving girls education. Yemen has very little resources so taking resources from one place and giving to another-is basically like taking from students sitting on the dirt and giving to students sitting on rocks. There is also high security concerns. Many religious sects don't believe women should receive education. So girls and schools are being terrorized on the way to school. Some families don't believe the cash transfer is worth loosing children.