1 The carbon dioxide system in seawater: equilibrium chemistry and measurements
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Basic chemistry of carbon dioxide in seawater
1.3 The definition and measurement of pH in seawater
1.4 Implications of other acid-base equilibria in seawater on seawater alkalinity
1.5 Choosing the appropriate measurement techniques
1.6 Conclusions and recommendations
2 Approaches and tools to manipulate the carbonate chemistry
3 Atmospheric CO2 targets for ocean acidification perturbation experiments
4 Designing ocean acidification experiments to maximise inference
5 Bioassays, batch culture and chemostat experimentation
6 Pelagic mesocosms
7 Laboratory experiments and benthic mesocosm studies
8 In situ perturbation experiments: natural venting sites, spatial/temporal gradients in ocean pH, manipulative in situ p(CO2) perturbations
9 Studies of acid-base status and regulation
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fundamentals of acid-base regulation
9.3 Measurement of pH, total CO2 and non-bicarbonate buffer values
9.4 Compartmental measurements: towards a quantitative picture
9.5 Overall suggestions for improvements
10 Studies of metabolic rate and other characters across life stages
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Definition of a frame of reference: studying specific characters across life stages
10.3 Approaches and methodologies: metabolic studies
10.4 Study of early life stages
10.5 Techniques for oxygen analyses
10.6 Overall suggestions for improvements
10.7 Data reporting
10.8 Recommendations for standards and guidelines
11 Production and export of organic matter
12 Direct measurements of calcification rates in planktonic organisms
13 Measurements of calcification and dissolution of benthic organisms and communities
14 Modelling considerations
15 Safeguarding and sharing ocean acidification data
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Sharing ocean acidification data
15.3 Safeguarding ocean acidification data
15.4 Harmonising ocean acidification data and metadata
15.5 Disseminating ocean
Evolution
Two Critics Without a Clue
What Darwin Got Wrong by Jerry Fodor and Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2010. 286 pp. $26. ISBN 9780374288792. Profile, London. 280 pp. £20. ISBN 9781846682193.
1. Douglas J. Futuyma
+ Author Affiliations
1.
The reviewer is at the Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, 650 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA.
1. E-mail: futuyma@life.bio.sunysb.edu
Summary
Objecting on both philosophical and empirical grounds, Fodor and Piattelli-Palmarini reject natural selection as the mechanism of adaptive evolution.