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TerraPower - 1 views

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When Will Climate Change Make the Earth Too Hot For Humans? - 0 views

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  • Kay Bradley on 07 Mar 19
     
    NY Magazine
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Teaching Empire's Workshop - Greg Grandin - 0 views

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  • Kay Bradley on 07 Mar 19
     
    latin America a Proving Ground
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Visualizing Earth Systems - 0 views

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    NASA
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Hong Kong - The New York Times - 0 views

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  • Kay Bradley on 05 Sep 19
     
    Carrie Lam, Extradition Bill, protests
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Trump Declares Afghan Peace Talks With Taliban 'Dead' - The New York Times - 1 views

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  • dtarkoff on 09 Sep 19
     
    Yet another spectacular decision by our president who continues to show us how amazing he is at diplomacy and foreign relations. I simply don't understand how he can disregard the life of an American Soldier. I would give a "have you seen," but I'm sure you have seen some other comments Trump has made since his campaign.
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Methodology 2019 | Freedom House - 0 views

freedomhouse.org/...methodology-freedom-world-2019 freedom research ranking world rank democracy
shared by Kay Bradley on 12 Sep 19 - No Cached
  • three-tiered system consisting of scores, ratings, and status.
  • tables for converting scores to ratings and ratings to status, appear at the end of this essay.
  • 0 to 4 points for each of 10 political rights
  • ...27 more annotations...
  • 15 civil liberties indicators
  • 4 the greatest degree of freedom
  • The political rights questions are grouped into three subcategories: Electoral Process (3 questions), Political Pluralism and Participation (4), and Functioning of Government (3).
  • The civil liberties questions are grouped into four subcategories: Freedom of Expression and Belief (4 questions), Associational and Organizational Rights (3), Rule of Law (4), and Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights (4).
  • For the discretionary question, a score of 1 to 4 may be subtracted, as applicable (the worse the situation, the more points may be subtracted).
  • The highest overall score that can be awarded for political rights is 40 (or a score of 4 for each of the 10 questions). T
  • highest overall score that can be awarded for civil liberties is 60 (or a score of 4 for each of the 15 questions).
  • ach rating of 1 to 7, with 1 representing the greatest degree of freedom and 7 the smallest degree of freedom, corresponds to a specific range of total scores (see tables 1 and 2).
  • A country or territory is assigned two ratings
  • The average of a country or territory’s political rights and civil liberties ratings is called the Freedom Rating
  • upward or downward trend arrow
  • A trend arrow must be linked to a specific change or changes in score, and cannot be assigned if the country had no net change in score
  • Most score changes do not warrant trend arrows.
  • Electoral Democracy
  • designation “electoral democracy” to countries that have met certain minimum standards for political rights and civil liberties;
  • an electoral democracy designation requires a score of 7 or better in the Electoral Process subcategory, an overall political rights score of 20 or better, and an overall civil liberties score of 30 or better.
  • Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. They are ruled by authoritarian regimes, often with leaders or parties that originally took power by force and have been in office for decades.
  • hey may hold tightly controlled elections and grant a few political rights, such as some representation or autonomy for minority groups.
  • few or no political rights because of severe government oppression
  • While some are draconian police states, others may lack an authoritative and functioning central government and suffer from extreme violence or rule by regional warlords.
  • limits on media independence
  • estrictions on trade union activities
  • discrimination against minority groups and women.
  • strongly limit the rights of expression
  • frequently hold political prisoners
  • virtually no freedom of expression or association, do not protect the rights of detainees and prisoners, and often control most economic activity.
  • The gap between a country or territory’s political rights and civil liberties ratings is rarely more than two points. Politically oppressive states typically do not allow a well-developed civil society, for example, and it is difficult, if not impossible, to maintain political freedoms in the absence of civil liberties like press freedom and the rule of law.
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