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(33) Boris Johnson's Brexit stalemate | Inside Story - YouTube - 0 views

www.youtube.com/watch al Jazeera brexit Boris Johnson EU Europe

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How many countries are there in the world? (2019) - Total & List | Worldometers - 0 views

www.worldometers.info/...untries-are-there-in-the-world population ranking world

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The Number of Countries in the World - 0 views

www.thoughtco.com/countries-in-the-world-1433445 research countries world

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Freedom in the World 2019 | United States Country Report - 0 views

freedomhouse.org/...united-states United States freedom research democracy

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Methodology 2019 | Freedom House - 0 views

freedomhouse.org/...methodology-freedom-world-2019 freedom research ranking world rank democracy

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three-tiered system consisting of scores, ratings, and status.
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tables for converting scores to ratings and ratings to status, appear at the end of this essay.
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0 to 4 points for each of 10 political rights
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...27 more annotations...
15 civil liberties indicators
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4 the greatest degree of freedom
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The political rights questions are grouped into three subcategories: Electoral Process (3 questions), Political Pluralism and Participation (4), and Functioning of Government (3).
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The civil liberties questions are grouped into four subcategories: Freedom of Expression and Belief (4 questions), Associational and Organizational Rights (3), Rule of Law (4), and Personal Autonomy and Individual Rights (4).
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For the discretionary question, a score of 1 to 4 may be subtracted, as applicable (the worse the situation, the more points may be subtracted).
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The highest overall score that can be awarded for political rights is 40 (or a score of 4 for each of the 10 questions). T
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highest overall score that can be awarded for civil liberties is 60 (or a score of 4 for each of the 15 questions).
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ach rating of 1 to 7, with 1 representing the greatest degree of freedom and 7 the smallest degree of freedom, corresponds to a specific range of total scores (see tables 1 and 2).
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A country or territory is assigned two ratings
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The average of a country or territory’s political rights and civil liberties ratings is called the Freedom Rating
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upward or downward trend arrow
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A trend arrow must be linked to a specific change or changes in score, and cannot be assigned if the country had no net change in score
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Most score changes do not warrant trend arrows.
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Electoral Democracy
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designation “electoral democracy” to countries that have met certain minimum standards for political rights and civil liberties;
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an electoral democracy designation requires a score of 7 or better in the Electoral Process subcategory, an overall political rights score of 20 or better, and an overall civil liberties score of 30 or better.
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Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. They are ruled by authoritarian regimes, often with leaders or parties that originally took power by force and have been in office for decades.
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hey may hold tightly controlled elections and grant a few political rights, such as some representation or autonomy for minority groups.
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few or no political rights because of severe government oppression
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While some are draconian police states, others may lack an authoritative and functioning central government and suffer from extreme violence or rule by regional warlords.
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limits on media independence
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estrictions on trade union activities
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discrimination against minority groups and women.
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strongly limit the rights of expression
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frequently hold political prisoners
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virtually no freedom of expression or association, do not protect the rights of detainees and prisoners, and often control most economic activity.
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The gap between a country or territory’s political rights and civil liberties ratings is rarely more than two points. Politically oppressive states typically do not allow a well-developed civil society, for example, and it is difficult, if not impossible, to maintain political freedoms in the absence of civil liberties like press freedom and the rule of law.
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